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Topic: 1895 in architecture

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1895

	ARCHIVOLT - LoveToKnow Article on ARCHIVOLT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As far as there is a ruling consensus in architectural WI ste, this will tend to become, like dress and manners, more and afi re cosmopolitan; and it seems probable that it will be based an)re or less on the types left us by Classic and Renaissance ye chitecture.
		The other influence is, s in the closer connection, which is already taking place, ge tween architecture and the allied arts, so that an important mi ilding will be regarded and treated as a field for the application sti decorative sculpture and painting of the highest class, and de being incomplete without these.
		The real literature of th Ddern architecture, however, is-to be found mainly in the articles Ld illustrations in the best periodical architectural publications of of,rious countries.
	54.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AR/ARCHIVOLT.htm (2222 words)

	Architecture
		Modern architecture is inspired by modern materials and technology, and by the function of the building itself.
		The greatest change in architecture in the 19th century was the raising of office buildings to a status once held only by palaces and churches.
		In architecture, this was reflected in the high-rise development of the downtown core of the large cities.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0000288 (3555 words)

	Architecture
		The architecture that developed on mainland Greece (Helladic) and in the basin of the Aegean Sea (Minoan) belongs to the Greek cultures that preceded the arrival in about 1000 BC of the Ionians and the Dorians.
		Military architecture was a defensive response to advances in the technology of warfare; the ability to withstand siege remained important.
		In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were revived and reinterpreted, to remain dominant until the 20th century.
	www.webtribe.net /~franktalk/truth/architecture.html (10841 words)

	Odin - Architecture in Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is why monumental buildings are lacking and folk traditions have dominated architecture, especially in the use of wood, based on centuries of craftsmanship and experience with the material.
		Influenced by Danish empire architecture, this strict, but harmonic classic style set its mark all over the country, especially along the southern coast of Norway, where applications in wood are found in large as well as small buildings.
		Architecturally, the Police Headquarters has been followed up by several similar structures in which a sub-division of the building's main body, as in the example with the open hand, creates open spaces which can be covered in glass.
	odin.dep.no /odin/engelsk/norway/history/032005-990451/index-dok000-b-n-a.html (8807 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Early Victorian Architecture: Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the forty-five years from 1850 to 1895, architecture in Georgia advanced from simple Greek Revival forms to the massive steel-frame skyscraper.
		Savannah was the architectural center of the state, and the city's rich merchants and businessmen invested their cotton wealth in new residences and commercial buildings of a slightly altered Greek Revival style changed to suit narrow city lots.
		The real tension in the competition of architectural styles at this time, however, was between Romanesque Revival as expressed by H. Richardson and a host of followers, and Neoclassicism espoused by the followers of McKim, Mead, and White of New York.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-467 (2066 words)

	Architecture in Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is why monumental buildings are lacking and folk traditions have dominated architecture - especially in the use of wood, based on centuries of craftmanship and experience with the material.
		In 1905 several architectural contests were launched, and a major ground rule was the use of a Norwegian style.
		A special award for wooden architecture, the Wood Prize, has been issued for the last 25 years, and the works of the award-winning architects have set standards for the use of wood.
	www.reisenett.no /norway/facts/culture_science/architecture_in_norway.html (6366 words)

	VLN: S.F. Architecture 1895-1897
		Memorial services and even concerts and weddings are held in the magnificent rotunda, one of San Francisco's least-known architectural treasures, at 1 Loraine Court, off Anza (Alexander and Heig 2002: 341).
		Architectural journals of the day said it had "all the quiet expression and endurance characteristic of a beautiful church, while at the same time it is a cheerful, well-lighted and appropriately decorated place.: The Columbarium's builders, The Order of Odd Fellows, wanted the rotunda to have the appearance of an ordinary Victorian living room.
		In their journal The Odd Fellows wrote: "...a delicate and refined atmosphere prevails here, divesting the mind of the unpleasant feeling that so often goes hand-in-hand with anything associated with the burial of the dead." Today the Columbarium rotunda continues to reflect the builder's interest in a cheerful celebration of life.
	www.verlang.com /sfbay0004ref_19thc_017.html (3903 words)

	Jacksonville Architecture
		Much of the colonial American architecture under Kings George I, II, and III was characterized by an academic formality, enriched by classical detail.
		The studied formalism of Italian Renaissance architecture was revived in England in 1829 and came to the U.S. sixteen years later.
		Its name is a compound of Jacobean and Elizabethan, indicating that it was derived from architecture of the reigns of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and James I (1603-1625).
	www.jaxhistory.com /styles.htm (2596 words)

	William Emerson: M.I.T. Dean of Architecture, Unitarian Service Committee President
		New subjects were then added to the curriculum: theory of color, architectural administration, architectural humanities, and town planning; others, architectural history and theory of architecture, were transferred to the first year in order to present to the student the essentials of his profession at the very beginning of his career.
		Joining the staff of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1919, Dr. Emerson was professor of architecture, chairman of the faculty, and dean of the school of architecture.
		Professor William Emerson, former chairman of the faculty and dean emeritus of the School of Architecture of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is chairman of the Committee.
	www.harvardsquarelibrary.org /unitarians/emerson.html (1242 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: ARCHITECTURE
		During the Mexican period (1821-35), relatively little architectural progress was made beyond the construction of dwellings and some military work, although several new towns were established, including Bastrop (laid out in 1830), Liberty (founded in 1831), and Gonzales (founded in 1832).
		Architectural motifs from many historic styles were combined in an eclectic fashion, with the Medieval Romanesque and Gothic vying with the Renaissance for popularity.
		The architecture of the first half of the twentieth century reflects the growing unity of architectural expression throughout the United States.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/AA/cmask.html (6025 words)

	Timeline 1895-1897
		1895 Mar 22, Auguste and Louis Lumiere showed their first movie to an invited audience in Paris; this is generally regarded as the first-ever public display of a movie projected onto a screen.
		1895 Jul 24, Robert Graves, poet and novelist (Goodbye to All That, I Claudius), was born.
		1895 Aug 24, Richard Cushing, the director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, was born.
	timelines.ws /1895_1897.HTML (13491 words)

	Editorial: 1895 Building must not be sacrificed to build library
		After much debate, it was then decided that whatever library was built, the principal portions of the 1895 Building _ part of the old Portsmouth Hospital and an important building in the city's history as a blue-collar community _ would never be torn down.
		It may be correct that because of its architecture, the 1895 Building is not well-suited to be part of the new library.
		The 1895 Building, with its office-type rooms and breathtaking views of the city, Bohenko has noted, might be well situated as a destination-of-choice for the many high-tech startup companies that are increasingly choosing to locate in Portsmouth.
	www.seacoastonline.com /1999news/6_14_e1.htm (692 words)

	VLN: S.F. Architecture 1892-1892
		The architectural style reflects the frequently eclectic fashion of the day, but may most briefly be described as Baroque-Queen Anne.
		Of interest is the shingle pattern, in which bands of plain shingles are alternated with bands of scalloped shingles.
		Nearly identical to a house that Coxhead designed at the same time for David Greenleaf in Alameda, this Queen Anne house is one of Napa's great treasures; it displays the architect's skillful handling of shingled surfaces (Woodbridge and Woodbridge 1992: 242).
	www.verlang.com /sfbay0004ref_19thc_014.html (2699 words)

	ArtLex on architecture
		Islamic tomb in a walled garden built for Shah Jahan's wife Mumatz Mahal [aka Arjuman Banu Begum], of bearing masonry and inlaid marble, with onion-shape domes and flanking towers, in Agra, India, seat of the Mughal Empire.
		"Architecture is the triumph of human imagination over materials, methods and men, to put man into possession of his own earth.
		Great Buildings Collection is a gateway to architecture from around the world and across history.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/a/architecture.html (2264 words)

	Architecture in Texas : 1895-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Texas architecture of the twentieth century encompasses a wide range of building styles, from an internationally inspired modernism to the Spanish Colonial Revival that recalls Texas' earliest European heritage.
		This book is the first comprehensive survey of Texas architecture of the first half of the twentieth century.
		Written to be accessible to general readers interested in architecture, as well as to architectural professionals, this work shows how Texas both participated in and differed from prevailing American architectural traditions.
	www.familyhaven.com /architecture/architecture07/0292730721AMUS491203.shtml (135 words)

	Victorian Architecture
		Victorian architecture up to 1870 was thought by some, especially Europeans, to be a failure.
		It is light, airy and pleasing in style, and is to the architecture of Europe and the Eastern States as Spanish music is to the grand and heavier compositions of Wagner."
		One cause of the seemingly infinite variety of Victorian architecture in Northern California is the abundant coastal redwood.
	www.victorianstation.com /vicarch.html (1039 words)

	Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		His career converges with the so-called Chicago school of architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the sudden abundance of steel.
		The building’s architectural devices, such as the use of allusion in its Renaissance detail and Chippendale-style pediment, make it a symbol of postmodern architecture.
		Closely related to the postmodernist interest in historical styles was the historic preservation movement, which during the 1970s and ‘80s led to the renovation of many landmark older buildings and to a tendency to resist new architecture that seemed to threaten the scale or stylistic integrity of existing structures.
	cs.clark.edu /~hum101/Humanities_101/architecture.htm (1776 words)

	History & styles: Protestant architecture between Rationalism and Jugendstil (ca. 1895-1925)
		Despite these influences, this style of protestant architecture usually is simply called Rationalism as well, while other sources simply refer to it as Jugendstil.
		Bavo's cathedral in Haarlem, evidence that architects of the various denominations could respect eachother, much unlike the average believers and their leaders who were in a permanent state of cold war.
		In the 1920's influences of Amsterdam School Expressionism gradually replaced Rationalism as the favoured protestant style of architecture.
	www.archimon.nl /history/protrationalism.html (390 words)

	Architectural Styles
		In 1799, the revival of Gothic architecture made its first appearance in America in the form of a country house outside of Philadelphia, and was soon after used in the design of ecclesiastical and university buildings.
		Gothic Revival architecture is characterized by roofs that are steeply pitched with steep cross gables.
		This style of architecture is also characterized by imaginative towers, turrets and dormers, as well as a new use of terra-cotta, especially in cast panels and in column capitals.
	www.wvculture.org /shpo/ch/styles.html (1845 words)

	Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		She edited Architectural History 1999/2000: A Special Issue of JSAH (1999), and is the author of Architecture or Revolution: Charles Moore and Yale in the late 1960s (2001) as well as numerous articles on 19th and 20th century architecture, the city, photography and other issues in architectural representation.
		She is the editor of the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians from 1997-2000, Blau was Curator of Exhibitions and Publications at the Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1984-1990, and Adjunct Curator, 1991-2001.
		Hays received the Bachelor of Architecture from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1976, the Master of Architecture in Advanced Studies from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, and the Doctor of Philosophy in the History, Theory, and Criticism of Architecture and Art from MIT in 1990.
	www.gsas.harvard.edu /programs/degree/archtect.html (4457 words)

	Frank Lloyd Wright .. and Wright Stained Glass Restoration"
		Prior to 1895, Wright's architecture, and specifically his window designs, were firmly grounded in the vocabulary of the Queen Anne and Shingle styles.
		In it, the influence of the Queen Anne style is clearly visible, especially in the diamond-paned windows that are reminiscent of medieval domestic architecture.
		In organic architecture, ornament is essential, but its design is fundamentally related to that of the building.
	www.jlsloan.com /flw.htm (3290 words)

	G S A P - syllabi: A4349 History of Architecture II: 1895-1965
		The aim of this course is to trace the history of modern architecture from the point of view of its transformation under the influence of two major forces: the process of modernization and the development of ideology.
		The first of these derives from the material changes brought about by technology and industrialization; the second stems from the received idea of progress and from the utopian legacy of the Enlightenment.
		The European Avant Garde is given a particular emphasis at the expense of other figures such as Berlage, Wagner, and the early Wright.
	www.arch.columbia.edu /Admin/Syllabi/a4349.html (290 words)

	[No title]
		IAB Informational [Page 1] RFC 1958 Architectural Principles of the Internet June 1996 The purpose of this document is not, therefore, to lay down dogma about how Internet protocols should be designed, or even about how they should fit together.
		The architectural principles therefore aim to provide a framework for creating cooperation and standards, as a small "spanning set" of rules that generates a large, varied and evolving space of technology.
		IAB Informational [Page 4] RFC 1958 Architectural Principles of the Internet June 1996 3.7 In many cases it is better to adopt an almost complete solution now, rather than to wait until a perfect solution can be found.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1958.txt (2281 words)

	History of Kelvedon Hatch. St Nicholas's Church.
		Built in 1895, the church is listed as being of 'special historical interest'.
		Its architecture is recognised to be a fine example of the Arts and Crafts Movement.There has been a St Nicholas's Church in the parish for over 600 years and there is some evidence that there was one before the time of the Domesday Book.
		Despite the loss of the building there remains some continuity with the past: the bell, font and pews were moved to the new church.
	www.historyhouse.co.uk /stnicholas.html (770 words)

	Architecture Styles
		The term "Romanesque" was first applied by critics in the early nineteenth century to describe the architecture of the later eleventh and the twelfth centuries, because certain architectural elements, principally the round arch, resembled those of ancient Roman architecture.
		Hunt (portrait) was one of many American architects influenced by a mid-19th-century European revival of late-medieval rustic country architecture, most notably the gingerbread-ornamented chalets of the Alps and the half-timbered cottages of Normandy and Tudor England.
		He was exposed to Europe's architecture while studying at the most prestigious school of architecture in the Western world, L'Ecole Des Beaux Arts in Paris, the first American to do so.
	ah.phpwebhosting.com /a/archsty/COMPARE.html (5878 words)

	Cupola's Art Nouveau Architecture - Hotel Solvay
		Victor Horta was the architect for this luxurious town house, built 1894-1903.
		Architectural historians usually describe it as Horta's greatest residential work, although the slightly earlier Tassel House has its proponents.
		Unfortunately, the sophisticated facade is quite difficult to capture completely on film, being on a narrow, tree-lined street.
	www.cupola.com /html/bldgstru/artnouv/slide/solva01e.htm (57 words)

	Glasgow Architecture - A walk about town
		Part of the building is now used as as a visitor centre for architecture and design, the Lighthouse, which is unrecognisable from the old newspaper office I knew as a boy.
		It joined the ranks of Glasgow's lost architecture after a blaze in November 2004 which was so severe that the church could not be saved.
		It is shown in the 1860 Ordnance Survey map as an "Independent Chapel" and in the 1895 map as a "UP Church", the same group who occupied the nearby St Vincent Street Church at that time.
	www.scotcities.com /central.htm (2279 words)

	Architecture timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh, India, is finished, completing largely the design for the civic structures for the new city deisgned by Le Corbusier.
		The 1937 World's Fair in Paris showcases Nazi and Soviet architecture and Art Deco.
		1895 - The Biltmore Estate, the largest house in the USA, is completed for the Vanderbilt family in Asheville, North Carolina.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Architecture-timeline.htm (2417 words)

	Prof. Dr. Kurt W. Forster - Domestic Architecture - William Wilson Wurster (1895-1973) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		William Wilson Wurster belongs to the most important protagonists of San Francisco bay region architecture which is based upon a long tradition of timber building.
		In the course of more than thirty years, from the early 20's until the 60's, he was able to build an impressive Ïuvre, much of which comprises residential building.
		With the research project "Domestic Architecture -William Wilson Wurster", the preconditions for the development of the American single family home are to be explored and contrasted to comparable efforts undertaken in Switzerland during the 30's and 40's.
	www.arch.ethz.ch /jahrbuch96/gta/kf_fp03_e.html (187 words)

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