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	Archaeology - LoveToKnow 1911
		It may thus be conceived how vast a field archaeology embraces, and how intimately it is connected with the sciences of geology and anthropology, while it naturally includes within its borders the consideration of all the civilizations of ancient times.
		The archaeology of zoological species constitutes the sphere of palaeontology, while that of botanical species is dealt with as palaeobotany; and every different science thus has its archaeological side.
		The beginning of archaeology, as the study of pre-documentary history, may be broadly held to follow on the last of the geological periods, viz., the Quaternary, though it is claimed, and with some reason, that traces of man have been found in deposits of the preceding or Tertiary period.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Archaeology (13617 words)

	A Chronology of North American Archaeology
		Archaeology had by this time become nearly two dimensional, fixed in a temporal horizon of only 4,000 years in depth.
		This brought the methodology of archaeology in line with cultural study and modern evolutionary thought as distinguished from pure stratigraphy in the geologic sense.
		He said that archaeology as it was currently being conducted was not archaeology; rather, it was historical reconstruction.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/archaeology/timeline/history2.html (4358 words)

	FSTS Sources - Papers - A Brief History Of Archaeology In Minnesota
		Another major figure in Minnesota archaeology, Jacob Vrandenburg Brower, recorded some of the details of this unfortunate situation in his journals, particularly his own outrage when it was learned that the heirs would not donate the Survey records to the Historical Society but rather required that they be purchased for several thousand dollars.
		Like Hill, Brower was intrigued by the relationships between geography, history, and archaeology and attempted to articulate these in his series of publications, using what would later emerge in a somewhat different form as the direct historical approach in archaeology.
		During the next decade Johnson dramatically expanded the archaeology program at the University and, as was happening in many parts of the country, shifted its emphasis to a problem-oriented and regional focus.
	www.fromsitetostory.org /sources/papers/mnhistory/mnhistory.asp (9122 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Henry Rootes Jackson (1820-1898)
		He was director of the Central Rail Road and Banking Company from 1893 to 1898.
		Jackson was also a trustee of the Peabody Education Fund, and he played an active part in state politics, without seeking office himself.
		He died in Savannah on May 23, 1898, and is buried in Savannah's Bonaventure Cemetery.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/CivilWarandReconstruction/People-8&id=h-865 (700 words)

	Cyrus Thomas
		It is a bold writer who, in the present stage of the study of American archaeology, ventures to monograph that subject, and it is a fortunate one who proves himself capable of compassing the field in a satisfactory manner.
		The difficulty of classifying the subject matter of archaeology is pointed out by the author, and proper stress is laid on the shortcomings of European classification and nomenclature as applied to America.
		It purports to be an introduction to the study of North American Archaeology; but it is like playing Hamlet with Hamlet left out, for very many of the most prominent archaeologists are not even named, and their books do not seem to have been read.
	www.siu.edu /~anthro/muller/Thomas/Thomas.html (5534 words)

	Swiss
		The fate and value of archaeology is indeed largely dependant on social, cultural and political circumstances, as well as on the commitment of talented and popular personalities.
		Set in the entrance hall of the museum, the presentation of the history of regional archaeology is placed in a monumental, ten meter long showcase dating from the inauguration of the present premises in the Palais de Rumine, in 1906.
		In 1969, archaeology in the canton de Vaud is reorganised through a new law "for the protection of nature, monuments and settings".
	www.area-archives.org /swiss.htm (1207 words)

	Archaeology and the New Testament
		Archaeology has played a major role in determining the trustworthiness of the Bible.
		It is important to realize, however, that it is unrealistic to expect archaeology to back up every event and place in the New Testament.
		In 1898, Secondo Pia photographed the shroud and believed the image was a negative image like that of a photograph.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/probe/docs/arch-nt.html (2505 words)

	SEAAbstr
		This paper is a study of the history of colonial archaeology in French Indochina.
		The formal study of archaeology began in December 1898 when the Governor-General, Paul Doumer, established the Mission Archéologique d’Indochine in Sàigòn, which was later reconstituted to form the École Française d’Extrême-Orient.
		This is significant because in the post-independence period creative appropriations of colonial archaeological scholarship, at once critical and appreciative, were to provide evidence for the founding myth of the Vietnamese nation.
	www.yale.edu /seas/CherryH.htm (275 words)

	South Dakota Archaeology Bibliography
		Traces the development of archaeology in the state through the personalities of individuals who have researched its prehistory, the changing trends in theories and techniques, and the establishment of state and federal laws that have led to current archaeological programs.
		Its emphasis is on the history of South Dakota archaeology, not the cultures of the prehistoric societies.
		A study of changes in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Arikara ceramics and their relationship to the complex of social, economic, and political influences to which Arikara potters were exposed.
	www.larryjzimmerman.com /SDarch/sdbib.html (15257 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Archaeology, Christian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		That branch of the science of archaeology which has for its ultimate object the study of ancient Christian life, as inferred from the remains of the Christian monuments (supplemented by literature, objects of art, etc.) erected during the first six centuries of the Christian era.
		(1575-1629) Known as the Columbus of the Catacombs and the Father of Christian Archaeology, was the first to begin the systematic exploration of the Roman cemeteries.
		(1813-1872) Gave a course of archaeology at the preparatory seminary at Tours and made researches that entitle him to be considered a veritable pioneer in France of the science of Christian archaeology.
	www.sjsoftware.org /ncd00723.htm (859 words)

	Industrial Archaeology Review XXV
		Finished in 1898, it marked the close of the canal warehouse tradition and the beginning of motorised road transport storage.
		This is a landscape archaeology project funded by Tameside MBC and undertaken on their behalf by the University of Manchester Archaeological Unit.
		Professor John Hume’s Rolt lecture (Industrial Archaeology Review May 2003) drew attention to the ways in which hitherto unregarded forms of technology have come to be regarded as historically significant artefacts, and to the ways in which individuals had made this cultural change possible.
	www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk /arev25.htm (964 words)

	Links: Nautical Archaeology
		Archaeology & Maritime History, from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		A collaborative nautical archaeology research project between the Department of Archaeology at the University of Stockholm and the University of Southampton.
		The Krogen project, a collaborative nautical archaeology research project between the Department of Archaeology at the University of Stockholm and the University of Southampton involving the recording of the wreck of the early 19th century English brig Severn.
	www.bruzelius.info /Nautica/Links/Nautical_Archaeology.html (1200 words)

	A Bibliography for the History of Skagway, Alaska, and the Klondike Gold Rush -- Tennessee Archaeology Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		1898 Report on an Exploration in the Yukon District, N.W.T., and Adjacent Northern Portion of British Columbia, 1897.
		1898 Pilgrimage to the Klondike and Its Outcome.
		PULLEN, CLARENCE 1898 The Romance of the Klondike.
	www.mtsu.edu /~kesmith/TNARCHNET/Pubs/goldrush.html (9336 words)

	Classical Archaeology at the University of Michigan- CFC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This increased activity in acquiring Classical antiquities owed primarily to the agency of Kelsey, who encouraged the study of archaeology as part of his Latin curriculum.
		’s archaeological legacy raises questions about the role played by the university in the larger developments of classical archaeology during the first half of the twentieth century.
		, a focal point of early archaeological research, the fact that Kelsey and his colleagues targeted remains from the Graeco-Roman period marked a sharp distinction from the mainstream of Egyptian archaeology, as most excavators were devoted to unearthing monuments of the pharaohs.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~bjornpa/CFC/Main.htm (3119 words)

	UNL Department of Anthropology and Geography - Peter Bleed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Bleed's primary interest is technology and especially the application of evolutionary approaches to the study of material culture.
		In addition to traditional excavation, these interests have led him to experimental studies of tool effectiveness, evaluation of prehistoric and ethnographic tools in terms of design principles developed by engineers, and theoretical study archaeological tools assemblages.
		He is interested in both prehistoric Japan and historic North America and has recently begun investigation of the battlefields of the Spanish Cuban-American War of 1898.
	www.unl.edu /anthro/afaculty/bleed.htm (205 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		By 1869, de Mortillet's scheme for the Stone Age had the following subdivisions: Thenaisian (for the now discredited eoliths), followed by Chellean, Mousterian, Solutrean, Aurignacian, Magdalenian, and (for the Neolithic) Robenhausian, named after a lake village -- though alterations and additions (Acheulian) were made later.
		With further modifications, this classification was widely adopted and remained the standard terminology for European archaeology until well into the 20th century.
		De Mortillet saw his epochs as periods of time or as stages of development with a universal validity, and his scheme was basically a refinement of the Three Age System.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=abri (546 words)

	BU Libraries \| Research Guides \| Archaeology
		Explorations of the Middle Ages to the present in eight chapters: archaeology of archaeology; old worlds and new, 1500-1760; antiquarians and explorers, 1760-1820; science and romanticism, 1820-1860; search for human origins, 1860-1920; archaeology comes of age, 1920-1960; new techniques and competing philosophies, 1960-1990, and current controversies and future trends.
		Covers archaeology (pre- and proto-history), historical archaeology, ancient art history, modern art history, material culture, epigraphy and palaeography, numismatics and sigillography.
		Searchable bibliography of the Bronze Age archaeology of mainland Greece and Crete.
	www.bu.edu /library/guides/archaeology.html (4891 words)

	Department of Archaeology : Staff - Durham University
		Through my research over the last 15 years, I have contributed in particular to the prehistoric archaeology of Italy and the Central Mediterranean region.
		Out of this has evolved my strong interest in archaeologies of art and visual culture, including ways of seeing, creativity and tradition, visual communication and transformation, the politics of representation and display, and the symbolising of social boundaries, identities, status and prestige.
		I am also concerned with archaeological ethics, and have contributed to debates surrounding public archaeology in Britain and abroad.
	www.dur.ac.uk /archaeology/staff/?mode=staff&id=165 (685 words)

	Archaeology Society of New Jersey: Archaeology Month 2003
		Archaeology Open House at the Allen House, Shrewsbury: The Monmouth County Historical Association is hosting an Open House at the Allen House, a mid- to late-18th century tavern site in Shrewsbury.
		Archaeology Open House at Richard Grubb & Associates, Cranbury: Richard Grubb & Associates invites the public to an open house at their offices from 2pm - 4pm.
		Archaeology Society of New Jersey Meeting, Newton: This meeting, held at Sussex Community College in Newton, will focus on the archaeology of Sussex County and the 12,000 years of Indian history in the county.
	www.asnj.org /month.html (456 words)

	Histarchaeobib Word 5.1
		Charlton, Thomas 1981 "Archaeology, ethnohistory, and ethnology," in Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol 4, edited by Michael Schiffer, 129-175, Academic Press, New York.
		Levin, M. 1973 " On explanation in archaeology: a rebuttal to Fritz and Plog," American Antiquity, 38: 387-95.;1976 "On the ascription of functions to objects, with special reference to inference in archaeology," Philospohy of Social Science 6:227-34.
		Klindt-Jensen, Ole 1981 "Archaeology and Ethnography in Denmark: Early Studies," in Towards a History of Archaeology, edited by Glyn Daniel, 14-19.
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/Faculty/diehl/histarc1.htm (3555 words)

	Index to Inventory, General Administration Records, 1820-1930, University of Pennsylvania Archives
		Archaeology and Museum, 1891, 1892, 1892, 1892, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1916, 1917, 1918
		Athletics, 1877, 1885, 1887, 1890, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1901, 1905, 1911, 1914
		History of the University of Pennsylvania, 1890, 1891, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1900, 1901, 1910, 1912, 1914, 1918
	www.archives.upenn.edu /faids/upa/upa3/upa3index.html (3377 words)

	John Eric Sidney Thompson
		Born on New Years Eve of 1898 in London, England to Mary Thompson and George W. Thompson (F.R.C.S.), John Eric Sidney Thompson is considered to be one of the true pioneers to ever make major contributions to Maya studies in the field of epigraphy, ethnohistory and field archaeology.
		Later in 1926, he made his first visit to Yucatan and began his first field work experience at Chichen Itza under Morley on the task of reconstructing the external friezes of the Temple of the Warriors.
		Later, he was in charge of Central and South American Archaeology and Ethnology, at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/thompson_eric.html (601 words)

	Archaeology - Postgraduate
		Specific topics which students might wish to pursue are dependent upon their own experience and interests as well as those of available staff members.
		Research: Gold on the Murchison: settlement, material culture, lifeways and adaptation on the Murchison goldfields during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with reference to the assessment, registration, interpretation and protection of historical period archaeological sites.
		Research Interests: Australian post contact shipwreck archaeology, 17th century Dutch shipwreck archaeology, colonial shipbourne trade, remote sensing techniques, development of underwater acoustic survey systems.
	www.archaeology.arts.uwa.edu.au /postgraduate (484 words)

	History of the Discipline
		Andreou, “The Landscapes of Modern Greek Aegean Archaeology,” in J. Cherry, D. Margomenou, and L. Talalay (eds.), Prehistorians Round the Pond: Reflection on Aegean Prehistory as a Discipline (Ann Arbor 2005) 73-92.
		Wilkes, "Arthur Evans in the Balkans, 1875-81," Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, London 13(1976) 25-56.
		Ozdogan, “Ideology and Archaeology in Turkey,” in L. Meskell (ed.), Archaeology under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (London 1998) 111-123.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/history.html (5136 words)

	To further illustrate, probably the three greatest American archaeologists of the twentieth century each had their ...
		By clarifying the objectivity and factual accuracy of biblical authors, archaeology also helps correct the view that the Bible is avowedly partisan and subjective.
		Studies] researcher Thomas Drobena cautioned that where archaeology and the Bible seemed to be in tension, the issue is almost always dating, the most shaky area in current archaeology and the one at which scientific a priori and circular reasoning often replace solid empirical analysis.”
		Author of Assyrian Grammar for Comparative Purposes (1872), Introduction to the Science of Language (1879), The Monuments of the Hittites (1881), The Early History of the Hebrews (1897), Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations (1898), The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions (1907), Reminiscences (1923), etc.
	www.tektonics.org /testimony/archmony.htm (7040 words)

	Research Photographs Archaeological Archives, Princeton University Deptartment of Art & Archaeology
		Princeton retains drawings, the original glass negatives and an accompanying set of mounted photographs.
		The collection also holds the complete set of the earliest panoramic photographic documentation of Mshatta’s facade, made by Rudolf-Ernst Brünnow in 1898.
		Photographs, negatives, slides, and drawings from excavations in central Syria at Balis, a well-known site with remains dating from the Roman to the medieval period.
	www.princeton.edu /~visres/rp/archarch.htm (409 words)

	P.J. Capelotti, Ph.D.
		He teaches archaeology and American studies at Penn State University, Abington College, in Abington, Pennsylvania.
		He was recalled to active duty with the U.S. Coast Guard after 9/11, and wrote the history of Coast Guard operations on and after 9/11, for which he received the Meritorious Service Medal in June, 2003.
		Current research includes archaeological comparisons of American exploration and exploitation in Svalbard; terrestrial and undersea archaeology in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land in search of sites from the history of science and exploration; and research into American ethnocentricism and U.S.-Norwegian relations in polar exploration.
	www.personal.psu.edu /pjc12 (486 words)

	Archaeology/Expedition
		Bohlin, Birger, 1898- Montell, Gèosta, 1899- Burton, Donald, of Stockholm, tr.
		Other authors: Bohlin, Birger, 1898- Other authors: Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Sweden) Series Entry: Reports from Scientific Expedition to the North-Western Provinces of China under the leadership of Sven Hedin, the Sino-Swedish Expedition.
		Title: The Archaeology and Art of Central Asia / Studies from the Former Soviet Union / Edited by B. Litvinski and C. Bromberg Series: Volume 8 of the Bulletin of the Asia Institute Published: May 1996 Description: Clothbound, 8x11"; printed on acid-free paper ca.
	www.silk-road.com /bibliography/bibarch.html (6766 words)

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