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	19th-century philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 18th century the philosophies of The Enlightenment would begin to have dramatic effect, and the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau would have an electrifying effect on a new generation of thinkers.
		In the late 18th century a movement known as Romanticism would seek to combine the formal rationality of the past, with a greater and more immediate emotional and organic sense of the world.
		The last third of the 18th century produced a host of ideas and works which would both systematize previous philosophy, and present a deep challenge to the basis of how philosophy had been systematized.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/19th-century_philosophy (518 words)

	Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The eighteenth century also saw a continued rise of empirical philosophical ideas, and their application to political economy, government and sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology.
		The boundaries of the Enlightenment cover much of the seventeenth century as well, though others term the previous era "The Age of Reason." For the present purposes, these two eras are split; however, it is equally acceptable to think of them conjoined as one long period.
		A variety of 20th century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism traced their intellectual heritage back to the Enlightenment, and away from the purported emotionalism of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment (3040 words)

	18th Century German Philosophy Prior to Kant
		In Germany, the eighteenth century was the age of enlightenment, the age, that is, that called for the independence of reason.
		Both a lawyer and a philosophy professor, he advocated the independent use of healthy reason, fought against prejudice, against belief in any of the then prevailing superstitions, against any form of (religious) persecution, against the witch-hunt and the use of torture, and in general, against any form of intolerance.
		He saw philosophy, which he conceived as world-wisdom (Welt-Weisheit), as the means to public enlightenment and, in line with the mood of the time, the purview of everyone, not just of philosophers or experts.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2004/entries/18thGerman-preKant (6139 words)

	20th-century-Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		philosophy that takes intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience.
		Derrida thus claimed to have deconstructed Western philosophy by arguing, for example, that the Western ideal of the present logos is undermined by the expression of that ideal in the form of markings by an absent author.
		Hence we may call Deleuze's philosophy, along with those of his predecessors Spinoza and Nietzsche, one of pure affirmation: at no instant is a "negation" in the Hegelian sense occurring, at no instant is there truly any negative transcendence or transcendence through "abstraction" occurring in the world, not even in human thought.
	dks.thing.net /20th-century-Philosophy.html (4582 words)

	Scottish Philosophy in 18th Century - Travelscotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Philosophy was at the core of the eighteenth century movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment.
		George Campbell's The Philosophy of Rhetoric (London 1776) is a large-scale essay in which he takes a roughly Aristotelian position on the relation between logic and rhetoric, since he holds that convincing an audience, which is the province of rhetoric or eloquence, is a particular application of the logician's art.
		Another eighteenth century Scottish thinker who devotes considerable space to it is Hugh Blair (1718-1800), minister of the High Kirk of St Giles in Edinburgh and first professor of rhetoric and belles lettres at Edinburgh University.
	www.travelscotland.co.uk /guide/Scottish_Philosophy_in_18th_Century (6479 words)

	Philosophy and Psychology
		Prior to the 18th century, in the West the most influential "psychologists" were Plato and Aristotle.
		Since WWII, with the demise of behaviorism in psychology and the rise of "naturalized epistemology" in philosophy, the two fields grew closer together, at least as far as their interests were concerned; yet, by the last quarter of the 20th century the institutional separation of philosophy and psychology had become virtually complete.
		Philosophy and psychology, while still distinct disciplines with their own approaches to the study of mind and, more generally, to human behavior, have begun to come together.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/PHLDEPT/academics/philPSY.html (383 words)

	Lecture 9: The Triumph of Science and the 18th Century Philosophe
		By the 18th century, it was clear that the entire history of western thought from Plato and Aristotle down to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677) and René Descartes (see Lecture 8) was obsessed with metaphysical questions.
		Throughout the 18th century and across the European Continent, from Russia to England and across the Atlantic to the American colonies, their political, religious and social ideas ranged across a large spectrum.
		We have seen the influence Newton had on the 18th century and in general, it was the New Science which Newton seemed to embody that permeated intellectual endeavors in the 18th century.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/lecture9a.html (5838 words)

	Department of Philosophy at Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Modern Philosophy examines representative philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Leibniz, Hume and Kant.
		After the Renaissance, Western philosophy gradually liberated itself from theology controlled by the Church, and its liberation became fairly complete in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		Before the turn of the century, Kant had pronounced transcendent metaphysics impossible yet various attempts were made in the new century to revive speculation around or against Kant's critical considerations.
	www.case.edu /artsci/phil/allcourses.html (2523 words)

	Philosophy - The 18th Century (Surnames A-F)
		Traces the rise, progress, and decline of moral philosophy in the UK in the 18th century with chapters on Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Kant.
		Professor of Moral Philosophy and the Law of Nature and minister of the English Church at Utrecht, Brown was later appointed Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen University, of which he became principal in 1796.
		Offers a view of the history of philosophy since the early 17th century that attempts to rediscover the connection between the commonly held philosophical notions of educated laymen and philosophy as studied in the universities, with special emphasis on Hume and Hegel.
	www.gach.com /Gach/l1545-01.htm (5121 words)

	20th century philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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	www.century.ok-search.info /20th-century-philosophy.htm (103 words)

	ADVENTURES IN PHILOSOPHY: An Overview of 18th & 19th Century Philosophy
		This vague philosophy has a very modern sound: a collection of impressions collected nowhere; contents of a mind which is not a container.
		Naturalistic ethics appear in the mistaken philosophies of all ages, proclaiming men are naturally good, naturally directed upwards and onwards, and urging that he be left unhindered and undirected so that through the fullest self-expression he may come to perfection.
		The philosophies of the last three centuries have been, in the main, futile vagaries, born of a fundamental misconception of the nature of human knowledge.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilmodessay2.htm (5035 words)

	The Enlightenment
		In the 14th and 15th century there emerged in Italy and France a group of thinkers known as the "humanists." The term did not then have the anti-religious associations it has in contemporary political debate.
		The history of philosophy from his time to the early 20th century is partly the story of more and more ingenious logic proving less and less, until Ludwig Wittgenstein succeeded in undermining the very bases of philosophy itself.
		The 17th century was torn by witch-hunts and wars of religion and imperial conquest.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~brians/hum_303/enlightenment.html (3548 words)

	[No title]
		Examination of ethical issues as they arise within literary texts, focusing on the nature of evil, questions of character and motivation, and the way such matters are treated by literary works.
		Conceptions of historical knowledge from the early 19th century to the present; explanation and understanding narration and description in historical writings; limits of historical understanding.
		Examination of selected topics in the philosophy of psychology, focusing especially on issues in the foundations of cognitive/computational psychology.
	philosophy.rutgers.edu /GRAD/grad-catalog.html (755 words)

	University of York Centre for Eighteenth-Century Studies: Staff: Thomas Baldwin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Professor Thomas Baldwin is Head of the Philosophy Department.
		century philosophy, including the origins of analytical philosophy, comparisons between analytical and 'continental' philosophy, and analytical metaphysics; but he also has interests in 18
		century philosophy, especially in David Hume's empiricist theory of ideas and in the contrasting reactions to it of Thomas Reid and Immanuel Kant.
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/cecs/staff/baldwin.htm (333 words)

	Courses
		The dominant figure in 18th Century philosophy was Immanuel Kant.
		The word "philosophy" means "love of wisdom," but it is not generally agreed on what "wisdom" means or on how we should "love" it.
		In this course we will introduce students to a selection of historically important and recent writings in the main areas of philosophy, and encourage students to develop their ability to think and write about philosophy in a critical but creative way.
	people.uleth.ca /~kent.peacock/Courses.html (478 words)

	philosophy
		Rationalists modeled philosophy upon mathematical knowledge, which was, according to them, grounded in reason alone.
		Against the very idea of apriori knowledge — that is, knowledge based upon reason and hence not sensory experience — Hume launched a devastating skeptical attack.
		We will examine Kant’s contribution, then, to contemporary criticism of both the empiricist and rationalist traditions as well as “naturalistic” approaches to the study of knowledge and morality.
	www.kzoo.edu /phil/18thW04.html (695 words)

	V 3250
		Selected doctrines and issues in what Kant called "an Age of Enlightenment": ideas and perception; knowledge and belief; spirit and matter; metaphysics; philosophy and science.
		Outline of 17th-century philosophy, general aspects of 18th-century philosophy.
		Scottish Common Sense Philosophy: Thomas Reid on ideas and perception.
	www.barnard.columbia.edu /philosophy/v3250.htm (283 words)

	Philosophy, 18th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Often he could not reconcile his philosophy with practical affairs.
		Hume's ethical theory centers on actions which prove agreeable or disagreeable and bases all consideration for others on a feeling of sympathy.
		Morality is concerned with conduct in the same way philosophy and science are with knowledge.
	www.philoquest.com /18thc.html (2191 words)

	Philosophy 520, 18th-Century Enlightenment Syllabus
		In addition, there will be a Final Paper investigating the development of some concept characteristic of the century, the influence or opposition between some Enlightenment philosophers, or carefully analyzing and criticizing the arguments of some one important figure.
		This paper should be more extensively researched, more carefully argued, and may be longer than the seminar papers.
		All papers must conform to the standards expected of submissions to professional journals in philosophy.
	www.soci.niu.edu /~phildept/Dye/syll520E.html (727 words)

	Philosophy ...
		By the 18th century, Western thought had evolved into two distinct epistemological camps: empiricism and rationalism.
		This class will be structured around the development of epistemology and metaphysics in the 17th and 18th centuries, culminating in the Kantian synthesis.
		205-217 (1); Isaac Newton (and Introduction to 18th century), pp.
	www.uwsp.edu /polisci/dwilliam/philosophy326fall2002.htm (1106 words)

	PHL 210 17th and 18th Century Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		and 18th century, which include some of the most influential texts in the history of Western philosophy.
		We will read from Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy, Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Hume's Treatise of Human Nature, and Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, and selections from Berkeley and Leibniz.
		The course will focus on issues such as the extent and conditions of possibility of human knowledge, the nature of the human mind and its relation to the world, and personal identity.
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /academic/philos/PHL210.htm (139 words)

	Scottish Philosophy in the 18th Century
		I discuss some of the leading ideas of these thinkers, though paying less attention than I otherwise would to Hume, Smith and Reid, who have separate Encyclopedia entries.
		The Scottish Philosophy: Biographical, Expository, Critical, from Hutcheson to Hamilton.
		Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/scottish-18th (6787 words)

	Philosophy 520, "The 18th-Century Enlightenment"
		This is the premier collection of searchable philosophy texts.
		The databases most relevant to this course are Continental Rationalists, Locke Philosophical Works and Selected Correspondence, Leibniz: Philosophische Schriften, British Philosophy 1600―1900, Berkeley Works, Hume Complete Works and Correspondence.
		Hegel’s Philosophy of History is largely a reconstruction from student notes taken over several offerings of his letures on that topic, but this Introduction is largely from Hegel's own hand.
	www.soci.niu.edu /~phildept/Dye/Phil520E.html (327 words)

	Philosophy Staff
		Philosophy of Science, especially theories and models; History of Physics, especially twentieth century; Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics.
		Philosophy of Physics, Especially Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Theory; Philosophy of Science; Philosophy of Mind and Language.
		Logic; Philosophy of Language; Wittgenstein; Frege; Metaphor; Theory of Literary Criticism; Philosophy of Religion.
	www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk /Staff/PhilosophyStaff.htm (539 words)

	PHL 210Y 17th and 18th Century Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Course description: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were a singularly fertile time in the history of philosophy.
		Partly inspired by the rise of the new mathematical sciences of nature, the main philosophers of this period offered quite radically new responses to many of the traditional philosophical questions about rationality, knowledge, God, personal identity, and the ultimate nature of reality.
		You’ll be asked again for your User Name and Password; the first time only, when you are adding the course, you need to TYPE YOUR LAST NAME IN BOTH BOXES.
	individual.utoronto.ca /stenenbaum/modern.htm (1034 words)

	Philosophy Sites by Topic
		Areas of interest to readers and contributors include Philosophy for Children teachers and teacher trainers but also included those interests in the role of narrative in teaching and learning, liberation pedagogy, Vygotskian psychology, and cognitive science, among other areas.
		This is the Philosophy Section of his "Eighteenth Century Resources on the Net".
		His "12th Century Logic Home Page" deems to have disappeared, but this is his "Census of Manuscripts of 12th Century Logic".
	users.ox.ac.uk /~worc0337/phil_topics.html (3102 words)

	Eighteenth-Century Resources -- Philosophy
		This page, edited by Jack Lynch of Rutgers – Newark, is part of the larger collection of Eighteenth-Century Resources on the Net.
		A good philosophy meta-page, with a timeline to point to many 18th-c.
		Includes a thorough bibliography of editions of the important work of philosophy.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/18th/phil.html (707 words)

	English Books > Philosophy > History - 17th/18th Century
		Philosophy > History - 17th/18th Century listing of 274 titles.
		Century Of Taste: The Philosophical Odyssey Of Taste In The Eighteenth Century
		Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
	www.netstoreusa.com /books/index/bkbpg951C.shtml (178 words)

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