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Topic: 190 BCE

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	Bactria.htm
		Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE conquered Bactria and it remained under Persian rule for the next 200 years as a Bactrian Satrapy.
		Demetrios I (c.200-190 BCE), son of Euthydemus II and grand son of Euthydemus I advanced his kingdom into the Hindu Kush and northwestern India.
		Eukratides I (c.177 - 135 BCE) overthrew Demetrios II and Antimachus I (sons of Demetrios I) with the help of of Selucids in 170 BCE and became ruler of the western portion of Bactria (Gandara, Kabul and Kandahar).
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C2/Greece/AG/HK/Bactria/Bactria.htm (484 words)

	Anatolia: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History
		Idriaeus (351-344 BCE)- he died of disease and was succeeded by his sister and wife Ada (who later became Queen of Alinda), but she was expelled by her brother Pixodarus, who threw in his lot with the Persians inviting in a Persian Satrap Othontapates (Orontobates?) This satrap was ruling when Alexander arrived in 334.
		In 500 BCE the tyrant of Mylasa was Oliatus, son of Ibanollis.
		In 167 BCE they revolted from the Rhodians and were soon thereafter declared free by the Romans once more.Under the Pax Romana Mylasa flourished and brought under her control in the name of 'Sympolity' the cities of Euromos, Chalcetor, Hydae, Olympos and Labraynda, and their citizenry were alloted to her own tribes.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/anatolia (9235 words)

	Rel 101: Understanding the Bible: Significant Dates
		445 BCE Nehemiah, cupbearer to Artaxerxes the Persian emperor, is appointed governor of Judah.
		428 BCE (possibly 458 or even 398) The Persians appoint Ezra "scribe of the law of the god of heaven" (Ezra 7:12) to assist in the Jewish restoration.
		336 BCE Philip is assassinated and Alexander inherits the empire.
	www.aarweb.org /syllabus/syllabi/r/rennie/rel151/dates.htm (584 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Thales of Miletus (624-546 BCE) accurately predicted the 585 BCE (28 May; Gregorian calendar) eclipse of the Sun by the Moon.
		In the 3rd century BCE Aristarchus said the Sun was the centre of the universe.
		Siculus, first century BCE historian, Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) father of medicine, the Hippocratic oath in part is still taken in his honour by medical students.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~vicss/sciencePart3.htm (1333 words)

	BCE - Broadcasting Center Europe S.A.
		BCE - Broadcasting Center Europe S.A. Founded in January 2000, BCE results from the merge of different Luxembourg- based technical entities of RTL Group.
		BCE plays a major role in Europe as technical services provider in the fields of TV, Radio, Telecommunications and IT.
		Concerning High Definition, BCE actively contributes to its development since 2004 with the acquisition of 6 new HD Cameras, the production and postproduction of Cultural Events in HD quality and the organization of a live retransmission in a D-Theater during the Euro2004.
	www.hdtvforum.org /HDTV-Forum/members/BCE/index.php (163 words)

	The Temple of Athena at Phocaea - Main
		BCE monochrome gray pottery found there may indicate that, like Kymians, these first inhabitants of Phocaea were Aiolians.
		BCE and paid a tribute of two talents, but in 412 BCE Phocaea rebelled and left the League.
		The small size of the 12 rows of tufa stone that reach a height of four-and-a-half meters suggests that the temple was constructed in early antiquity.
	www.goddess-athena.org /Museum/Temples/Phocaea/Phocaea_m.htm (2539 words)

	Rel 101: Understanding the Bible: Significant Dates
		The system of dating years from the birth of the saviour accepted by the Christian tradition is not common to all people.
		334 BCE Alexander crosses the Hellespont and extends the Greek empire.
		54-53 BCE Crassus, the Roman consul for Syria, including what later became known as “Syria Palaestina,” pillaged the area, including the Temple in Jerusalem, but shortly after was defeated and killed by a much smaller Parthian force.
	www.westminster.edu /staff/brennie/dates.htm (713 words)

	[No title]
		Remarkably, both astronomers (trigonometry was considered a branch of astronomy at the time) took the value of pi to be 3 and arrived at their accurate conclusions, nonetheless (O'Connor, J. and Robertson, E. Mathematics aside, Hipparchus made several other contributions to science, many of which relate to astronomy.
		By using the principle of precession (discussed later), Schaefer calculated that the position of the stars, with respect to the Earth, determine that at the time this statue was sculpted, no other significant astronomer was alive other than Hipparchus.
		The catalogue itself, which was written in 129 BCE, was written very close to when the sculpture is estimated to have been made.
	www.astro.utoronto.ca /~bclarke/AST199M/Hipparchus.htm (1353 words)

	Business Commitment to the Environment
		Business Commitment to the Environment (BCE) is an independent awards scheme, with 31 years experience of showcasing environmental excellence.
		The Call for the BCE 2007 Awards applications is now open.
		"BCE has been a trailblazer in the promotion of the environment as a fundamental part of business management for over a quarter of a century.
	www.bceawards.org (144 words)

	ExodusProblems
		In the 12th century BCE Israel in Iron IA is settling the Hill Country of Canaan under Joshua.
		In all cases, 1540, 1446 or 1250 BCE, there is no Sihon the Amorite at Heshbon (Tell Hesban) to hinder the Israelite advance on Canaan via the plains of Jericho, Heshbon not being settled until after 1200 BCE according to the archaeological record.
		Add this to 966 BCE when the Temple was begun, and we have 1540 BCE for the Exodus date, on the "testimony of the sacred writings" of the Jews and Early Christians.
	www.bibleorigins.net /ExodusProblems.html (9429 words)

	ArtLex on Hellenistic Art
		The sculpture's fig leaf was added later as censorship in the interest of modesty.
		Statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd-2nd century BCE, Hellenistic, bronze, height 8 1/16 inches (20.5 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
		190 BCE, Nike on the Prow of a Ship, called the "Winged Victory of Samothrace", gray Lartos marble for the ship's prow, white Paros marble for the statue, height 3.28 m (floor to top of wings) (10 feet 9 inches), Louvre.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/h/hellenistic.html (418 words)

	History of Iran: Seleucid Empire
		In 301 BCE, Antigonos was defeated by a coalition of other generals, and Seleucus became master of Syria as well, and in 281 BCE he took Asia Minor and the wars of the Diadochs ended.
		At the age of eighty Seleukos was murdered by a fugitive Egyptian prince, but the throne passed on to Antiochus I (281-261 BCE), his son by Persian noblewoman Apamea, and after that to his son Antiochus II (261-246 BCE), who ruled as Great Kings from Samarkhand to the Aegean Sea.
		In 140 BCE, the Seleucid king Demetrios II deciced that enough was enough and summoned whatever resources he had to check the Parthian advance.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/seleucids/seleucids.php (1832 words)

	Hipparchus (astronomer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The exact dates of his life are not known, but Ptolemy attributes astronomical observations to him from 147 BC to 127 BC; earlier observations since 162 BC might also be made by him.
		190 BC) was calculated by Delambre based on clues in his work.
		It was total in the region of the Hellespont (and in fact in his birth place Nicaea); at the time the Romans were preparing for war with Antiochus III in the area, and the eclipse is mentioned by Livy in his Ab Urbe Condita VIII.2.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hipparchus_(astronomer) (5891 words)

	History of the Hellenistic and Roman World
		In 199 BCE, Scipio was the natural choice as one of the two Censors; the crown of any Roman political career.
		Competition for the Consular elections of 192 BCE was fierce; with Scipio Africanus championing his cousin Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum as well as his old associate Gaius Laelius, while Titus Quinctus Flaminius - conqueror of Macedonia who had recently celebrated a triumph - championed his brother Lucius Quinctus Flaminius.
		That he was a dominating personality is obvious from the honours that Livy recounts that the people gave and attempted to give him, as well as the accusations of Scipio in latter years.
	www.fenrir.dk /history/index.php?title=Scipio_Africanus_:_Princeps_(200_-_190_BCE) (2085 words)

	LUDI: Roman Festivals
		The festival dates from the 6th C BCE, In 364, Etruscan dancers were added, leading to speculation in re: Fescennine verses… Comedy and tragedy were probably performed from time to time after this and became a regular feature of the ludi Romani in 240 BCE.
		Ludi proliferated from the 3rd C BCE when they were given official sanction and financial support.
		This practice became especially important when bonuses began to be paid when public response became notably vocal, prompting magistrates to pay claques to cheer wildly and to bribe public officials to notice the wild cheering.
	www.wayneturney.20m.com /ludi.htm (429 words)

	ArtLex on Sculpture, artists born before 1350
		Seated Scribe, 2600 to 2400 BCE, painted limestone, eyes inlaid with rock crystal and alabaster, circled with copper, 53.7 x 44 cm, Louvre.
		550 BCE, marble fragment of a statue, height 10 1/2 inches (27 cm), Louvre.
		Statue of Marcellus (son-in-law of Emperor Augustus), 23 BCE, marble,
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/s/sculpture.-1349.html (711 words)

	Demetrius I of Bactria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of Euthydemus and succeeded him around 200 BCE, after which he conquered extensive areas in what now is eastern Iran, Pakistan, Punjab and northern India, thus creating an Indo-Greek kingdom far from Hellenistic Greece.
		By ca 175 BCE, the Indo-Greeks ruled various part of northern and northwestern India until the end of the 1st century BCE, while the Sungas remained in Northcentral and Eastern India.
		Demetrius I died of unknown reasons, and the date 180 BCE, is merely a suggestion aimed to allow suitable regnal periods for subsequent kings, of which there were several.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria (1192 words)

	Greek Sculpture
		The "bronze hollow cast" figure begins as clay, a soft easily worked material that allows for extremely fine details; it is these fine details that the Greek artists sought to enhance the realism of the figure.
		The statue is marble, from c.150 bce and is 6'7" in height.
		"Athena and Alcyoneus" frieze from the Altar of Zeus at Pergamum, c.180 bce.
	www.accd.edu /sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Greek3.htm (583 words)

	Math 4312
		Apollonius (262 - 190 BCE) wrote a book on the Conics that superseded all others; he brought the study of conics to the modern point of view; he was apparently the first to show that from a double-napped cone come all conics; he introduced the names ellipse and hyperbola.
		Heron (150 BCE - 250 CE) in one of his works describes a method for square roots that was known to the Babylonians.
		A new attitude toward mathematics appeared in Greece beginning in the 6th century BCE: it was no longer enough to calculate numerical answers; it was necessary to prove the results were correct.
	cms.dt.uh.edu /faculty/BecerraL/Spring2005/4312_calendar.htm (1728 words)

	Legal Codes and Political Power by Gaurang Bhatt
		The code of King Ur-Nammu of approximately 2050 BCE and that of Lipit Ishtar around 1900 BCE are the earliest known.
		He put a ceiling on land ownership, but he did all this to forestall the demagogues and agitators demanding redistribution of property and once again laws were made for the rich, by the rich.
		By 600 BCE republics existed amongst the Shakyas, Koliyas and Mallas and there is a prior history of a sabha and samiti, two bodies or assemblies to control an elected chieftain.Yet it is Greece that is given the credit for democracy.
	www.boloji.com /blunt/00510.htm (1409 words)

	Central Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After about 190 BCE, there is a regular annual procession of magistrates leading down to early Roman times.
		to the League of Boeotea till 245 BCE and thence to Macedonia.
		Ab.1100 BCE occupation by the tribe of Boeotians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /soubalk3.html (1582 words)

	ArtLex on Greek Art
		With this thought in mind, know that this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth.
		Homer (Greek, 8th century BCE) in his Iliad, was fought between Troy and Mycenae in the 13th century.
		GreekArch is a resource for the study of art and archaeology of Greece and its provinces.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/g/greek.html (999 words)

	ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE
		The revolt, which began in 168 BCE, was successful enough and Mattathias's son Judah was able to capture the Temple precincts in 165 BCE and to rededicate the Temple in 164 BCE.
		In 159 BCE the Greek-appointed high priest whom the Maccabeans had opposed was killed and a man who claimed to be the son of Antiochus IV was attempting to take control of the Seleucid government.
		In 140 BCE, Simon celebrated the reestablished autonomy of the Jews and his family was formally recognized as the secular and religious heads of a Jewish state that was independent for the first time in four centuries.
	cc.usu.edu /~fath6/hellenic-Judaism.htm (7600 words)

	The Ecole Chronology Project
		55 BCE: England - Julius Caesar invades Britain.
		30 BCE: Italy - (- 14 CE) Augustus is the Roman Emperor.
		190 CE: Asia Minor - (c) Polycrates of Ephesus writes the Letter to Victor of Rome.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/timeline (10272 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He became interested in philosophy in 155 BCE when the Athenians sent a famous philosophical embassy to the Roman Senate.
		P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus was famous for having defeated the Carthaginians in the Third Punic War (146 BCE), destroying Carthage, and successfully ending a troublesome military campaign in Spain in 133 BCE.
		The seven wise men were Solon of Athens, Thales of Miletus, Pittacus of Mytilene, Bias of Priene, Cleobulus of Rhodes, Myson of Chenae, and Chilon of Sparta.
	www.iona.edu /latin/cicero/commentpoem4.html (347 words)

	List of Illustrations - Section 2
		Apollo of Olympia, marble figure; from the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus, Archaeological Museum of Olympia; Olympia, Greece, 470-56 BCE.
		Winged Victory (“Nike”) of Samothrace, marble, 190 BCE, *photographed by Dr. Robert Prestiano (c).
		Dying Gaul, excellent marble Roman copy of an original Greek bronze component from a temenos group, (a number of sculptures in a sacred grove of a temple, based on the same theme).
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/rprestia/1301/list_of_illustrations2.htm (3237 words)

	Ph. Guillaume, The Last Stages of the Making of the Nebiim: A Mea Culpa and a NewAlexandrian Canon Hypothesis Since the ...
		200 bce on the basis of the prologue of Ben Sira[6], although recent studies consider 150 bce as the decisive moment in the history of the canonization of the Nebiim, thus insisting on the importance of the Hasmonaean factor
		This wide bracket is slightly narrowed down to 300—130 bce to allow time for Simon I to die during the reign of the first Ptolemy because the panegyric for the high priest seems to presuppose the death of Simon: ‘Simon the High Priest, the son of Onias, who in his life repaired the House...’ (50:1)[19].
		The fact that the Greek translation omits to curse the Samaritans may indicate that the translation was produced before these dramatic events, or that it reflects the local situation, where Jews did not wish to aggravate the Samaritan communities living with them in Egypt[135].
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/Articles/article_39.htm (11772 words)

	The Hellenistic Era
		I love this sculpture of Laocoon and His Sons, a Roman copy of the original done probably around 150 BCE.
		Another good example of Hellenistic agony can be seen in the frieze of the Pergamm Altar, (below) which shows the victorious struggle of the goddess Athena over her mortal foes (in this case, the Syrians).
		We see them intermixed with the Ionic order until the Roman Republic, which, because of their affinity for pomp and extravagance, made exclusive use of the Corinthian capital.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mxb/helenistic_greece.html (564 words)

	Ancient Astronomy
		120 BCE) was born in Nicaea, a city in what is now Turkey.
		In the year 135 BCE, he was stargazing and saw a bright point of light he didn't recognize.
		Aristotle (384 BCE-322 BCE), one of the most famous Greek scientists, everything in the regions outside the Earth was perfect and eternally unchanging.
	snews.bnl.gov /popsci/ancients.html (1161 words)

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