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	31. The Grammar of Science (1903). Adams, Henry. 1918. The Education of Henry Adams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The progress of science was measured by the success of the “Grammar,” when, for twenty years past, Stallo had been deliberately ignored under the usual conspiracy of silence inevitable to all thought which demands new thought-machinery.
		The phrase is not stronger than that with which the “Grammar of Science” challenged the fight:—“Anything more hopelessly illogical than the statements with regard to Force and Matter current in elementary textbooks of science, it is difficult to imagine,” opened Mr.
		The fact was admitted that the uniformitarians of one’s youth had wound about their universe a tangle of contradictions meant only for temporary support to be merged in “larger synthesis,” and had waited for the larger synthesis in silence and in vain.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/159/31.html (2263 words)

	Additional Reading (from philosophy of science) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Individuals involved in science, called scientists, often spend their entire lives in pursuit of answers to probing questions.
		It has become common, especially in school curricula, to restrict the usage of the word science to the study of the physical and life sciences—for example, physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, anatomy, and geology.
		Brief introduction to the debates in philosophy of science during renaissance, enlightenment, and in the twentieth century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-36406?tocId=36406 (1609 words)

	Benson, Clara Cynthia
		Associated with University of Toronto for 50 years, she was the first woman to graduate in chemistry (1899), optimistic that there would be many openings for women selecting this area.
		Appointed science instructor in the Lillian Massey School of Household Science, she assisted her colleagues in their struggle for academic recognition of this area.
		A capable teacher, stimulator of research and friend of her students, Benson served as professor and head of the Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Household Science 1926-45.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000687 (153 words)

	Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne - Faculty of Science at the University of Melbourne Unit entry
		Faculty of Science at the University of Melbourne
		The Faculty of Science was established in 1903 at the University of Melbourne, under the first Dean, Professor Henry Laurie.
		Kaye Merlin Brutton Bequest, Faculty of Science (1984 -) [
	www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au /umfs/biogs/UMFS020b.htm (714 words)

	Marie Curie - Biography
		She retained her enthusiasm for science throughout her life and did much to establish a radioactivity laboratory in her native city - in 1929 President Hoover of the United States presented her with a gift of $ 50,000, donated by American friends of science, to purchase radium for use in the laboratory in Warsaw.
		Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, for their study into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the other half of the Prize.
		She also received, jointly with her husband, the Davy Medal of the Royal Society in 1903 and, in 1921, President Harding of the United States, on behalf of the women of America, presented her with one gram of radium in recognition of her service to science.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html (655 words)

	Catholicism and Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Throughout the centuries the new ideas of science have posed a threat to the comfortable and unchallenged ideas of religion, specifically Catholicism.
		The church at many times had discrepancies with the new ideas of science because of their traditional beliefs in God.
		Some of the early controversies between the church and the science of the day concerned the form of the earth and its relation to other spherical bodies.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~santamjc/students11/LaurenK.html (1298 words)

	Leacock, Stephen
		The recipient of numerous honorary degrees, awards and distinctions (the Lorne Pierce Medal, the Governor General's Award, a postage stamp issued in his honour, the Leacock Medal for Humour established in his honour), Leacock was the English-speaking world's best-known humorist 1915-25.
		He joined McGill's department of economics and political science in 1903, rose quickly to become department head, and remained there until his retirement in 1936.
		Although he was not an original or particularly incisive political economist, Leacock's professional opinions on matters such as the need for a gold standard have proved prophetic in their commonsense approach to what he considered a jungle of statistics.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004585 (558 words)

	Prometheus Books
		Twain, having suffered the intense sorrow and anguish of the death of two of his children, and later of his beloved wife, Olivia, in 1904, reacted savagely to the claim of Christian Science that pain, sickness, and death do not exist.
		When Harper's refused to publish Christian Science in 1903, Twain interpreted the rejection as suppression and wrote, "The situation is not barren of humor.
		Christian Science was nine years in the making - begun in 1898 and finally published in 1907.
	www.prometheusbooks.com /site/catalog/book_53.html (206 words)

	Science in Poland - Maria Sklodowska-Curie
		Winner of two Nobel Prizes, for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911, she performed pioneering studies with radium and polonium and contributed profoundly to the understanding of radioactivity.
		She began to work in Lippmann's research laboratory and in 1894 was placed second in the licence of mathematical sciences.
		On the results of this research Maria Curie received her doctorate of science in June 1903 and, with Pierre, was awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal Society.
	www.stjoenj.net /curie/curie.html (2305 words)

	Christian Science
		The Christian Science Christ is not the same as Jesus but equal to “The divine manifestation of God, which comes to the flesh to destroy incarnate error “(Eddy, 583).She even stated “Jesus is not the Christ” (Miscellaneous Writings p.84).
		Christian Science continues to uphold her belief that Jesus revealed to people their illusion of illness and thus cured them, even though she was not cured and sought out a medicinal illusion.
		Their publications are The Christian Science Monitor, The Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, The Herald of Christian Science, published in 12 foreign languages as well as in English Braille; (which seems to be an oxymoron from their own beliefs) and The Christian Science Quarterly, containing the Bible lessons studied daily by Christian Scientists.
	www.letusreason.org /Cults18.htm (8674 words)

	University Archives: Women's Guide: Nellie (Sawyer) Kedzie Jones (1858-1956)
		Her thesis was entitled: "Science in Woman's Life." In 1887, she was given the rank of professorship, becoming the first female K.S.A.C. graduate to become head of a department at the college.
		Funding for Domestic Science Hall, the first building in the U.S. built for the sole purpose of teaching home economics, was approved in 1897.
		Domestic Science Hall at K.S.A.C. was renamed Kedzie Hall in honor of Nellie Kedzie in 1902.
	www.lib.ksu.edu /depts/spec/women/jones-nellie.html (489 words)

	Lesson from the Christian Science Quarterly, September 27, 1903 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		303: 16 Divine Science lays the axe at the root of the illusion that life, or mind, is formed by or is in the material body, and Science will eventually destroy this illusion through the self-destruction of all error and the beatified understanding of the Science of Life.
		Then is the time to cure them through Christian Science, and prove that they can be healthy in all climates, when their fear of climate is exterminated.
		When divine Science is universally understood, they will have no power over man, for man is immortal and lives by divine authority.
	www.fortunecity.com /village/martina/0/unreali.html (2800 words)

	Strategian: Computer Science -- Indexes, Abstracts, and Other Databases
		Instead, Strategian aims to list the core publications--those indexes and abstracts covering Computer Science that are the best places to start or continue on to in order to identify the articles, books, or other publications that contain the information that you need.
		The Science Citation Index can be particularly useful when conventional searching methods in sources like those above fail to identify other publications related to one or two that you are already familiar with.
		Covering the sciences broadly and in depth, this database indexes more than 6,000 journals published worldwide.
	www.strategian.com /computersciencedatabase.html (867 words)

	chaos
		In spite of this, the importance of chaos was not fully appreciated until the widespread availability of digital computers for numerical simulations and the demonstration of chaos in various physical systems.
		This realization has broad implications for many fields of science, and it is only within the past decade or so that the field has undergone explosive growth.
		Chaos theory is among the youngest of the sciences, and has rocketed from its obscure roots in the seventies to become one of the most fascinating fields in existence.
	www.student.nada.kth.se /~d91-ffy/chaos.html (1004 words)

	Marie Curie and The Science of Radioactivity - Contents
		She is best known as the discoverer of the radioactive elements polonium and radium and as the first person to win two Nobel prizes.
		For scientists and the public, her radium was a key to a basic change in our understanding of matter and energy.
		Her work not only influenced the development of fundamental science but also ushered in a new era in medical research and treatment.
	www.aip.org /history/curie/contents.htm (128 words)

	Wesleyan Science 1831-1942
		Sometimes they drank alcoholic beverages in it, in the cause of science.
		As a result, Atwater announced that alcohol could be taken into the body and consumed as food and a certain amount of energy could be obtained.
		He served actively as the chairman of the Faculty committee which assisted with the planning of the new Science Center.
	www.wesleyan.edu /physics/history/chem.html (1018 words)

	Daria Encyclopedia 0.0: Daria Encyclopedia 0.0
		Science fiction novel about a man who longs for escape from life in a totalitarian society.
		At the end of the novel, his discontent is discovered and he is not only tortured into obeying the government, but is forced to give up his free will and love the totalitarian state as well.
		A used car dealer begins to take the writings of a science fiction writer as absolute truth and suffers a mental breakdown.
	dariaencyclopedia.blogspot.com /2004/08/daria-encyclopedia-00.html (8844 words)

	Internet History of Science Sourcebook
		The achievements of this period have not been negated by the discoveries and theories of the late 19th and 20th centuries, but are now seen as accurate only with certain boundaries.
		Andrew White: The Warfare of Science and Theology in Christendom 1898 [At Hanover]
		This is one of the most successful, and early, statements on Materialism stemming from the conclusions of the New Science.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/science/sciencesbook.html (2786 words)

	R.S. Woodward: The International Conference of Arts and Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Editors' Note: R. Woodward, a Columbia University mathematician, had been President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1900, and was serving as the Association’s treasurer at the time of the letter.
		To THE EDITOR Of SCIENCE: I have read with much interest the letter of Professor Dewey with respect to Professor Munsterberg classification of the sciences.
		I beg, therefore, to second Professor Dewey's invitation of the attention of the readers of SCIENCE to this matter and to submit a few brief remarks thereon.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Munsterberg/Woodward_1903.html (470 words)

	2004 Visualization Challenge -- Suplee and Bradford 305 (5692): 1903 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We launched this annual international competition last year to showcase and encourage an increasingly important aspect of science: the ability to convey the essence and excitement of research in digitized images, color diagrams, and even multimedia presentations.
		Investigators at the outermost frontiers of science and engineering frequently study phenomena that are extremely difficult even for most scientists to visualize--and downright formidable for the general public that ultimately supports the global research enterprise.
		We urge all researchers and science communicators to participate in this unique and inspiring competition.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/summary/305/5692/1903 (406 words)

	, Keys 19 to 24, page 77 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The degrees of BSc and DSc were available from 1886 but a full Science course was not available until 1888.
		The course provided for three years of science studies, initially covering mathematics and the full science spectrum - physics, mineralogy, botany, geology, zoology, and physiology - with scope for specialising in final year.
		The Faculty of Science was not formally constituted until 1903.
	www.lib.unimelb.edu.au /collections/archives/keys/web/077.html (195 words)

	The Nation, 05/25/1911 - Science
		The author, a professor of physics in the French University, is already, favorably known by a work of science popularization, "L'Evolution des sciences." He chooses questions of actual interest as measured, not by material profits, but by the enlargement of scientific truth.
		First, the earth in the universe as now known shows the turning of science from the old idea of an "interplanetary void" to that of space filled with unceasing life, in which gravitation alone remains unexplained by any working hypothesis.
		...More germane still to science as now understood are certain newly discovered facts requiring some other theory as a working hypothesis: "The apparition of new stars, no matter what interpretation we give them, is one ot these tacts...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v092i2395_09.htm (641 words)

	1903 in science -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The year 1903 in (A particular branch of scientific knowledge) science and (The practical application of science to commerce or industry) technology included many events, some of which are listed below.
		(The science of matter and energy and their interactions) Physics - (French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)) Antoine Henri Becquerel, (French physicist; husband of Marie Curie (1859-1906)) Pierre Curie, and (Click link for more info and facts about Maria Skłodowska-Curie) Maria Skłodowska-Curie
		(The science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions) Chemistry - Svante August Arrhenius
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/1/19/1903_in_science.htm (930 words)

	Henri Poincare
		Among his many published works are several highly readable popular pieces that tried to give the general public a flavor of the workings of science.
		The ideas of dynamical chaos was first glimpsed by Poincaré when he entered a contest sponsored by the king of Sweden.
		Poincaré, Henri, The Value of Science, Dover, 1958.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /misc/poincare.html (499 words)

	AAS-Biographical memoirs-Mahler
		Kurt Mahler was born on 26 July 1903 at Krefeld am Rhein in Germany; he died in his 85th year on 26 February 1988 in Canberra, Australia.
		From 1933 onwards most of his life was spent outside of Germany, but his mathematical roots remained in the great school of mathematics that existed in Germany between the two world wars.
		He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1965 and received its Lyle Medal in 1977.
	www.science.org.au /academy/memoirs/mahler.htm (3316 words)

	Aleister Crowley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The essay describes ceremonial magic as a means of training the will, and of constantly directing one's thoughts to a given object through the trappings of the ritual.
		In his 1903 essay, Science and Buddhism, Crowley urged an empirical approach to Buddhist teachings.
		By this he meant that mystical experiences should not be taken at face value, but critiqued and experimented with in order to arrive at religious truth.
	www.city-search.org /al/aleister-crowley.html (1639 words)

	Longyear Museum \| Exhibits & Programs \| Portrait Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He had Christian Science Primary class instruction in 1895; and later, in 1899, Professor Hering gave up his academic career to devote his entire time to the practice of Christian Science.
		He served as a Reader in Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Baltimore (along with Miss Ellen Cross, his Primary class teacher), and was the Christian Science Committee on Publication for Maryland and the District of Columbia.
		In 1905 he served as President of The Mother Church and was appointed to The Christian Science Board of Lectureship, lecturing for over thirty years and in many parts of the world.
	www.longyear.org /Hering.htm (273 words)

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