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Topic: 1918 Soviet Constitution

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	1918 Soviet Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Soviet Constitution, which governed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, described the regime that assumed power in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
		This constitution formally recognized the Bolshevik Party organization as the ruler of Russia according to the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
		The constitution also stated that under the leadership of the Bolsheviks the workers formed a political alliance with the peasants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1918_Soviet_Constitution (298 words)

	Soviet Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian (colloquially known as Bolshevist Russia), Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
		Soviet troops intervened in the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and cited the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet counterpart to the U.S. Johnson Doctrine and later Nixon Doctrine, and helped oust the Czechoslovak government in 1968, sometimes referred to as the Prague Spring.
		The GRU (Main Intelligence Directorate), not publicized by Russia until the end of the Soviet era during perestroika, was created by Lenin in 1918 and served both as a centralized handler of military intelligence and as an institutional check-and-balance for the otherwise relatively unrestricted power of the KGB.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Soviet (4687 words)

	Constitution of the Soviet Union, 1918 (Extracts)
		With the reconstitution of the Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, Georgia, et al.) into the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1923, a new constitution was adopted in 1924.
		Russia is declared a Republic of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies.
		The Russian Soviet Republic is established on the basis of a free union of free nations, as a federation of national soviet republics.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob103.html (668 words)

	ipedia.com: Constitution of the Soviet Union Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soviet Union was governed by four separate constitutions in the course of its existence: 1918 Soviet Constitution 1924 Soviet Constitution 1936 Soviet Constitution 1977 Soviet Constitution The pol...
		Soviet constitutions appeared to guarantee certain political rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion.
		Finally, Soviet constitutions specified the form and content of state symbols, such as the arms, the flag, and the state anthem.
	www.ipedia.com /constitution_of_the_soviet_union.html (378 words)

	ICL - Soviet Union (Former~) - Constitution
		A Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR may not be prosecuted, or arrested, or incur a court-imposed penalty, without the sanction of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR or, between its sessions, of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
		The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR promulgates decrees and adopts decisions.
		The Procurator-General of the USSR is appointed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and is responsible and accountable to it and, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/r100000_.html (10400 words)

	Soviet Constitution
		The Soviet state is organized and functions on the principle of democratic centralism, namely the electiveness of all bodies of state authority from the lowest to the highest, their accountability to the people, and the obligation of lower bodies to observe the decisions of higher ones.
		(2) Citizens of the USSR are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws, comply with the standards of socialist conduct, and uphold the honor and dignity of Soviet citizenship.
		Soviets of People's Deputies shall function publicly on the basis of collective, free, constructive discussion and decision-making, of systematic reporting back to them and the people by their executive-administrative and other bodies, and of involving citizens on a broad scale in their work.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/m/c/mcw10/Download/SovietConstitution.htm (5507 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com :: View topic - 1918 Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the R.S.F.S.R.
		The soviets of regions with a distinct mode of living and national composition can unite in autonomous regional unions at the head of which, as at the head of all regional unions that can be eventually formed, stand regional congresses of Soviets and their executive agencies.
		The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, recognizing the equality of rights of all citizens, irrespective of their race or nationality, declares the establishment or toleration on this basis of any privileges or advantages, or any oppression of national minorities or restriction of their equality, to be contraventions of the fundamental laws of the Republic.
		Sessions of the soviet of deputies are convened by the executive committee at its discretion, or on the demand of not less than half of the deputies to the Soviet: but at least once a week in cities and twice a week in rural areas.
	www.soviet-empire.com /ussr/viewtopic.php?t=28549 (3722 words)

	Con Con compare home page
		The two historical documents (the 1918 Soviet Constitution and the Magna Carta) are included for the perspective they give on the roots of modern constitutional government - and, in the case of the Soviet document the gap which can emerge between professed high ideals and reality.
		In an Australian context, the Indonesian constitution is interesting because it was one of the first post-colonial Asian constitutions to be written without the interference of a European power or occupying forces and as such it has been very influential throughout the region when other nations were drafting their own constitutions.
		The 1997 Constitution of the Russian federation is evidence of an attempt to rebuild a pluralist, liberal capitalist democracy on the ruins of the Soviet system- which was itself creating a new society on the ruins of an absolute monarchy.
	www.abc.net.au /concon/compare/whycons.htm (1245 words)

	Chronology 1918
		The Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets promulgated the Soviet constitution.
		This "soviet democracy" was dominated, in theory, by a dictatorship of the proletariat, exercised by the Communist Party.
		Since the Soviet regime was in severe crisis, the attack created a panic and resulted in a systematic reign of terror by the Bolsheviks.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1918.htm (6226 words)

	Wikinfo \| Russian SFSR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The state was founded in 1918 by the 1918 Soviet Constitution.
		It was made into a part of the Soviet Union in 1922, an act later formalised by the 1924 Soviet Constitution.
		The country was run by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=RSFSR (232 words)

	Soviet Glossary
		Soviet and Western experts believe that damage to the people's health, to the economy, and to the environment will be felt for decades.
		Once the Soviet regime stipulated the plan figures, all levels of the economy, from individual enterprises to the national level, were obligated to meet those goals.
		The term is derived from the Mongol altan ordo or the Tatar altun ordu, literally meaning golden palace or camp, apparently based on the color of the tent used by Batu Khan (died 1255), the leader or ruler, during the Golden Horde's conquest of the region.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/su_glos.html (9333 words)

	The 1918 Constitution of Soviet Russia
		The first Soviet constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic was adopted by the Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918.
		With the addition of three other Soviet republics (Ukraine, Byelorussia and Georgia) into the new Union (Federation) of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1923, a new Federal Constitution was adopted in 1924.
		That constitution in turn was replaced by Stalin's Constitution of 1936.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/russ1918.html (525 words)

	Untitled photo on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		Initially, the hammer and sickle (in Russian: serp i molet) was one of the symbols of the Soviet Union.
		It was featured on the flag of the Soviet Union, adopted in the 1924 Soviet Constitution, and flags of the republics of the Soviet Union after 1924.
		Before this, the flags of Soviet republics tended to be a plain red field, defaced with the golden text of the name of the respective republic, as stipulated in Article 90 of the 1918 Soviet Constitution.
	www.flickr.com /photos/belsner/5160322 (566 words)

	Sovnarkom - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The 1918 Soviet Constitution made the Sovnarkom of the RSFSR responsible to the Congress of Soviets for the "general administration of the affairs of the state." The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the congress was not in session.
		After the formation of the USSR, the sovnarkom of the USSR was created under proposals of its Constitution; see Premier of the Soviet Union for the chronology of its chairmen.
		The Soviet republics retained their own governments which dealt with domestic matters; they were also named Sovnarkom by conventions of their pre-Union legislation.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Sovnarkom (463 words)

	Constitution of the R.S.F.S.R. (1918) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Constitution of the R.S.F.S.R. Adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets
		The declaration of rights of the labouring and exploited people (approved by the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets in January 1918), together with the Constitution of the Soviet Republic, approved by the fifth congress, constitutes a single fundamental law of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic.
		This fundamental law becomes effective upon the publication of the same in its entirety in the 'Izvestia of the All-Russian General Executive Committee.' It must be published by all organs of the Soviet Government and must be posted in a prominet place in every soviet institution.
	www.marxists.org /history/ussr/government/constitution/1918 (136 words)

	Propaganda
		The Constitution of the U.S.S.R. The Prince - Niccolo Machiavelli
		Stalin's constitution guaranteed the people the right to work, the right to rest and leisure (no overtime), maintenance in old age (Social Security), right to education, economic equality, right to form unions, right to privacy, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press.
		This site also claims that there is proof of a "13th amendment" which expanded this clause of the constitution, which appeared in many publications of the constitutions in the 1830's, but which is left out of modern printings of the constitution.
	www.newspeakdictionary.com /cc-books.html#mein (2120 words)

	Con Con Soviet 1918 Constitution
		Elections are conducted in the presence of an electoral commission and a representative of the local soviet.
		The electors who have sent a deputy to the Soviet have the right to recall him at any time, and to hold new elections, in keeping with the general rules.
		Chairman of the Fifth All-Russia Congress of Soviets and of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee, Y. Members of the Presidium of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee, G. Secretary of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee, V. This translation is © 1996 Robert Beard, Bucknell University.
	www.abc.net.au /concon/constitutions/sov1918.htm (3685 words)

	ICL - Belarus Index
		The Belarussian Supreme Soviet declared sovereignty on 27 July 1990 and adopted a new Constitution on 15 March 1994 (cf.
		When the Belarus Constitutional Court ruled five presidential decrees invalid, including one that overturned the budget and another that banned independent trade unions, President Alexander Lukashenka said he would ignore the Court.
		1 Jan 1919: Declaration of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/bo__indx.html (341 words)

	U.S. Torture Machine
		As Trotskyists who fought for the unconditional military defense of the Soviet degenerated workers state against imperialism and internal counterrevolution, we noted that among the Kremlin’s crimes was that its stifling repression drove pro-socialist members of the intelligentsia into the arms of “democratic” counterrevolution.
		Common to the entire spectrum of bourgeois ideologues—from Bush and the right wing of the Republican Party to AI and Democratic Party liberals—is the longstanding maxim that the Soviet Union, born of the only successful workers revolution in history, was the epitome of brutal repression.
		AI and Co.’s campaigns for the bloody capitalist rulers to live up to their Constitutions, Conventions and Declarations serve to ideologically fortify a brutal system of exploitation that on an hourly basis maims, kills and tortures—not merely through military and police violence but through poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy and preventable industrial accidents.
	www.icl-fi.org /english/wv/863/amnesty2.html (3102 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com Archive :: View topic - DISCUSSION: Commissars and Commissariats
		These positions are from the original 1918 Constitution, and I believe the C.E.C. has to remove and restructure the Commissariat system to be more up-to-date.
		The current commissariats have been decided by the constitution to be in the best interests of the proletariat.
		But I still think the current system needs to be revised, as it was taken straight from the 1918 Soviet constitution and does not take into account modern concerns, such as environmental issues.
	www.politicsforum.org /soviet/viewtopic.php?t=401 (1654 words)

	AllRefer.com - Soviet Union [USSR] - The 1918 Constitution \| Soviet Union or USSR Information Resource
		AllRefer.com - Soviet Union [USSR] - The 1918 Constitution
		The first constitution, which governed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, described the regime that assumed power in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 (see Soviet Union USSR - Revolutions and Civil War, ch.
		This constitution formally recognized the Bolshevik (see Glossary) party organization as the ruler of Russia according to the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat (see Glossary).
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/soviet-union/soviet-union213.html (341 words)

	Beate Sirota Gordon (1924 - )
		The ten constitutions which Gordon located helped the young American staff to succeed beyond all of their hopes by writing an entirely new constitution that has governed Japanese affairs ever since without the change of a comma.
		The Constitution had 3 new pillars; Renunciation of War, Sovereignty in the People (with the Emperor as symbol of nation), and Abolition of Feudalistic Family System (or Equality of Sexes).
		With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equalities of the sexes.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/whm2001/gordon.html (2026 words)

	I Swear To God...
		The assertion that the United States Constitution has verbiage specifically providing for a separation of church and state is a false one.
		There was never even any discussion by the Framers of the Constitution to put verbiage in the Constitution regarding the separation of church and state.
		And while the US Constitution reserves for him that right, the right to free speech, the right to protest what he alone believes is something of an outrage, it does not afford him a few things.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/968682/posts (3439 words)

	Bolshevist Russia - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bolshevist Russia is a common term that refers to the Red side in the Russian Civil War, or more specifically the Russian government between the Bolsheviks' October Revolution (November 7, 1917) and the constitution of the Soviet Union (December 30, 1922).
		The official name of the country was the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.
		Strictly speaking, there is a small time gap between the October Revolution and the declaration of the RSFSR (and a still larger gap to its first Constitution, in 1918), which may justify the usage of the term in certain circumstances.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Bolshevist_Russia (218 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: International Bill of Wrongs by Ben Johnson and Michael Tremoglie
		This echoes Article 65 of the 1918 Soviet Constitution, which prevented any capitalist from holding governmental office.
		Boyd’s manifesto, in other words, is the blueprint of a world run by educrats at the UCal, or emasculated socialists from "the Continent." The University of California is a place that disdains free speech for military personnel, conservatives, and Republicans.
		This is not an institution to be trusted to develop a plan to implement human rights for the entire world.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7473 (1038 words)

	Constitution Essays
		The 1964 constitution is in fact a replica of the 1961 constitution with sovereignty added on To wha
		Comparing the US constitution to the 1918 Soviet Constitution
		Constitutional Convention of 1787 We North Carolina are in debt, and we need our slaves in our community.
	www.houseofessays.com /viewpaper/3219.html (254 words)

	Virtual Essays - Free Essays on Comparing the US constitution to the 1918 Soviet Constitution termpapers and book ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		FREE ESSAYS In 1918, while the rest of Europe was still engaged in World War I, a newly formed communist government was developing in Russia.
		Much like 18th century Americans, they had just managed to overthrow what was viewed as a tyrannical government and hoped to form a new nation free of the injustices of the previous rule.
		Both countries wrote a new constitution as well as a declaration of rights to facilitate this, but their respective documents had vast differences.
	www.virtualessays.com /viewpaper/5296.html (233 words)

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