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	Science Quotes - The Quotations Page
		In science one tries to tell people, in such a way as to be understood by everyone, something that no one ever knew before.
		In science, 'fact' can only mean 'confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional assent.' I suppose that apples might start to rise tomorrow, but the possibility does not merit equal time in physics classrooms.
		Science is nothing but trained and organized common sense, differing from the latter only as a veteran may differ from a raw recruit: and its methods differ from those of common sense only as far as the guardsman's cut and thrust differ from the manner in which a savage wields his club.
	www.quotationspage.com /subjects/science/21.html (429 words)

	Science Quotes - The Quotations Page
		Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
		Science is nothing but developed perception, interpreted intent, common sense rounded out and minutely articulated.
		Science is facts; just as houses are made of stones, so is science made of facts; but a pile of stones is not a house and a collection of facts is not necessarily science.
	www.quotationspage.com /subjects/science (773 words)

	Killer Findings: Scientists piece together 1918-flu virus: Science News Online, Oct. 8, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes.
		Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus.
		Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus neuraminidase gene.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20051008/fob2ref.asp (165 words)

	LiveScience.com - Scientists Recreate 1918 Flu Virus From Scratch
		People around the world developed immunity to the deadly 1918 virus after the pandemic, and a certain degree of immunity is believed to persist today.
		The Spanish flu of 1918 was a terrible pandemic.
		The 1918 virus is deadly with the HA gene, but when the gene was replaced, it was not virulent, Tumpey said.
	www.livescience.com /humanbiology/ap_051005_1918_flu.html (977 words)

	US scientists resurrect deadly 1918 flu
		By replacing the genes for either the 1918 virus’s surface protein, haemagglutinin (HA), or for its polymerase complex, with genes from a tamer, related flu, the team showed that both contribute to its deadliness, with the HA especially damaging for lungs.
		But, says Taubenberger, the 1918 sequences are already helping in another way: they prove that a bird flu can go pandemic without combining with a human flu, and suggest which mutations it needs.
		But while a specific 1918 vaccine is possible, none is now available, and Tumpey says no vaccine has been tested against the resurrected virus.
	www.infowars.com /articles/science/flu_1918_virus_ressurrected.htm (560 words)

	Science News
		The 1918 Spanish-influenza outbreak remains the worst pandemic in recorded history, killing more than 20 million people worldwide.
		Using a method called reverse genetics, Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of Tokyo and his colleagues engineered a relatively mild flu virus to carry two genes from the 1918 strain.
		Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus.
	www.phschool.com /science/science_news/articles/single_gene_deadly.html (283 words)

	Science Netlinks: Science Updates
		Working with preserved samples of the 1918 virus, University of Wisconsin virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka and his colleagues have identified a single gene that made it much nastier.
		Still, all of this was true in 1917, 1919, and many other years of the time, but the 1918 flu season stands out because of the virus involved.
		And hopefully, if a virus like the 1918 flu ever hit today's population, we would be better equipped to treat it—even with our shortage of flu shots.
	www.sciencenetlinks.com /sci_update.cfm?DocID=243 (509 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Evolution takes science honours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The studies bestowed with the title "breakthrough of the year" by Science include the sequencing of the chimpanzee genome; recreation of the 1918 flu virus in a laboratory; and a study on European flcap birds which demonstrated how two different populations can become two separate species.
		Colin Norman, news editor of Science, said the choice was based solely on the merits of the research, not the battle over intelligent design.
		This was the furthest from Earth a spacecraft had touched down and represented a triumph for European space science, despite the loss of one of two data channels on the probe.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/science/nature/4552466.stm (940 words)

	Amazon.ca: Hunting the 1918 Flu : One Scientist's Search for a Killer Virus: Books: Kirsty E. Duncan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the final analysis, Hunting the 1918 Flu is a cautionary tale for the young academic and an eye-opening account for the public.
		Responding to this sustained interest in the Spanish flu, Kirsty Duncan in Hunting the 1918 Flu presents a detailed account of her experiences as she organized a multi-national, multi-discipline scientific expedition to exhume the bodies of a group of Norwegian miners, buried in Svalbard, all of whom died from the Spanish flu virus.
		Duncan weaves a twofold narrative: first, the story of a large-scale medical project with the objective of uncovering genetic material from the Spanish flu and second, a first-hand account of the turbulent politics that emerged as the group moved towards a goal where the egos were as strong as the stakes were high.
	www.amazon.ca /Hunting-1918-Flu-Scientists-Killer/dp/0802087485 (1587 words)

	Permafrost Preserves Clues to Deadly 1918 Flu, Alaska Science Forum
		Ned Rozell is a science writer at the institute.
		Johan Hultin made it a personal mission to find a sample of the 1918 virus he calls "the most lethal organism in the history of man." A native of Sweden, Hultin was studying microbiology at the University of Iowa in 1949.
		There, he overheard a virologist say that the clue to understanding the 1918 flu might be found in the bodies of victims who were buried in permafrost.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF13/1386.html (747 words)

	1918 Influenza Pandemic Strain
		The 1918 HA monomer also possesses 2 basic patches (orange shade) which may have contributed to the increased infectivity observed during the pandemic.
		In 1918, a Great Flu Pandemic swept the world, killing an estimated 20-40 million people, thus making it the largest and most destructive outbreak of any infectious disease in recorded history.
		Although phylogenetic analyses place the 1918 HA sequence at the base of the evolutionary tree of human viruses, analysis of this structure revealed that it is more closely akin to avian forms.
	www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu /research/highlights_archive/1918flu.html (794 words)

	Secondary Sources for Philosophy of Science
		Science and the instrument-maker : Michelson, Sperry, and the speed of light / Thomas Parke Hughes.
		Science for all : studies in the history of Victorian science and education / William H. Brock.
		Science and the founding fathers : science in the political thought of Jefferson, Franklin, Adams and Madison / I. Bernard Cohen.
	www.kzoo.edu /phil/wolf/science/209sources.html (3265 words)

	Science Fair Projects - 1918
		May 16 - The Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by US Congress.
		Science kits, science lessons, science toys, maths toys, hobby kits, science games and books - these are some of many products that can help give your kid an edge in their science fair projects, and develop a tremendous interest in the study of science.
		When shopping for a science kit or other supplies, make sure that you carefully review the features and quality of the products.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/1918 (1833 words)

	XXVIII. Popular Bibles: Bibliography. Vol. 18. Later National Literature, Part III. The Cambridge History of English ...
		The Science of Man, by which the Sick are Healed.
		Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures.
		Powell, L. Christian Science, the Faith and its Founder.
	www.bartleby.com /228/0500.html (835 words)

	New Drugs Beat Old Flu: Antiviral agents counter deadly 1918 influenza: Science News Online, Sept. 28, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A greater killer than the First World War, the influenza virus that swept the globe from 1918 to 1919 took the lives of 20 million to 40 million people.
		In recent years, scientists studying tissue preserved since 1918 have pieced together several genes from this deadly influenza strain, also commonly known as the Spanish flu (SN: 3/22/97, p.
		Christopher F. Basler of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and his colleagues have now incorporated several genes from the 1918 flu into an influenza strain that has adapted to mice and typically kills the rodents.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20020928/fob3.asp (692 words)

	1918 Strain of Influenza Virus A Isolated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Experts have said that analyzing the 1918 virus genetic pattern will help science learn how that particular virus was able to kill so many people worldwide and will help researchers prepare vaccines to protect against the virus if it breaks out again.
		The 1918 flu genes were first isolated last year from the preserved lung tissue of an Army private who died at Fort Jackson, S. Army doctors in 1918 conducted autopsies on some of the 43,000 servicemen killed by the flu and preserved some specimens in formaldehyde and wax.
		The 1918 flu epidemic caused about 700,000 deaths in the United States and about a quarter of the nation's population contracted the illness.
	www.junkscience.com /news/flu1918.htm (306 words)

	NPR : 1918 Killer Flu Reconstructed
		The name is a misnomer, however, it's now thought that the 1918 flu originated in the United States.
		Compared with Other Epidemics: The 1918 flu is thought to have killed the most people in the shortest amount of time.
		The Victims: Unlike the typical flu, where the highest mortality is in infants and the elderly, the 1918 flu also struck down young, healthy adults.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4946718 (941 words)

	1918 victim gives clue to flu virus
		AN American soldier who died in the 1918 world flu pandemic has provided modern science with its first sample of the culprit virus.
		Scientists from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, in Washington DC, hunted through several dozen samples of tissue taken from the bodies of soldiers who died of the 1918 flu and were preserved in the institute's archives.
		Science reports that several groups are planning to find old tissue samples, including a Canadian team which hopes to dig up seven miners thought to have been killed by the virus and whose bodies have been preserved in frozen ground in Norway.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/03/21/wflu21.html (460 words)

	History: Department of Political Science: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT
		Early courses in political science were taught as part of Course IX, General Studies, until 1903 when the Department of Economics, Statistics, and Political Science was established.
		In 1907 the department was reorganized as the Department of Economics and Statistics, and political science became part of the Department of History and Political Science.
		In 1918 Charles Currier, the head of the department, became ill, and a temporary merging of History with English became permanent the following year.
	libraries.mit.edu /archives/mithistory/histories-offices/polsci.html (179 words)

	BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: Evolution in Action -- Culotta and Pennisi 310 (5756): 1878 -- Science
		With all this in mind, Science has decided to put Darwin in the spotlight by saluting several dramatic discoveries, each of which reveals the laws of evolution in action.
		They found that the 1918 strain had lost its dependence on trypsin, an enzyme that viruses typically borrow from their hosts as they infect cells.
		An engaging educational Web site teaching the science and history of evolutionary biology; a collaborative project of the University of California Museum of Paleontology and the National Center for Science Education.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/310/5756/1878 (2412 words)

	DuPont.com: Education Commitment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To sustain The miracles of science® by nurturing global collaborative research and science education.
		DuPont launched its commitment to science research and science education in 1918, becoming the first corporation to award scholarships and fellowships to chemists at 48 colleges and universities in the United States.
		Our goal is to ensure that the next generation of citizens has a working knowledge of the unique method of science and a reasoned understanding of science as a domain of human knowledge.
	www.dupont.com /corp/social/educational/index.html (353 words)

	Killer findings: scientists piece together 1918-flu virus Science News - Find Articles
		The genes in these blocks code for the 1918 flu's polymerases, which are proteins crucial for a virus' replication in animal hosts.
		These results add to evidence suggesting that the 1918 flu originated as an avian strain that acquired the capacity to infect people.
		By mixing and matching the 1918 virus' genes with genes from contemporary-flu strains, the team found that the 1918 virus' polymerase genes and its hemagglutinin gene, which sneaks the virus into cells, seem to play pivotal roles in virulence.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_15_168/ai_n15863549 (608 words)

	History of Science Society \| HSSOnline.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sakharov (later famous in the West for his protests against Soviet violations of civil rights) and Tamm suggested the Tokamak toroidal model for controlled fusion, which was widely accepted internationally as a basis for continuing experimentation.
		The founder of Soviet work in solid state physics was A. Ioffe, a major figure in the history of Soviet science.
		In 1918 Ioffe established the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, which became the cradle of Soviet physics.
	www.hssonline.org /teach_res/essays/graham/grahamp7.html (843 words)

	Brookhaven Face Science, FACE Program, Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL
		The goal of FACE science is to study the effects of elevated [CO (and in some cases other factors associated with global change) on plants and ecosystems under as close to real world conditions as possible.
		One of ten national laboratories overseen and primarily funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security.
		Brookhaven is operated and managed for DOE's Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates, a limited-liability company founded by the Research Foundation of the State University of New York on behalf of Stony Brook University, the largest academic user of Laboratory facilities, and Battelle, a nonprofit, applied science and technology organization.
	www.bnl.gov /face/Science.asp (435 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Science Seminars is published weekly on Wednesday as a service of the Penn State Eberly College of Science.
		It is distributed to faculty and administrative aides in the Eberly College of Science and to other subscribers at Penn State and nearby communities.
		This issue of Science Seminars was produced by Barbara K. Kennedy.
	www.science.psu.edu /scisem/scisem8-4.htm (292 words)

	[No title]
		Science journals from developing countries are the focus of this site from a non-profit publisher.
		The Life Sciences edition in print is available in the Abstracts area at Kline Science Library (6 months) and at the Medical Library (1 year) Ref 2 ZQ180C87 MED.
		Kline Science Library Reference QH13 G7 1970 The 1961 edition is in the stacks.
	www.library.yale.edu /science/subject/biol.html (1363 words)

	Accelerating-Intelligence News: Single Article View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The cause of one of history's most deadly epidemics was reconstructed and found to be a bird flu that jumped directly to humans, two teams of federal and university scientists announced in the October 7, 2005 issue of Science Magazine, as the New York Times reported on Thursday,.
		In addition, Science staff writer Jocelyn Kaiser revealed that "Both the authors and Science's editors acknowledge concerns that terrorists could, in theory, use the information to reconstruct the 1918 flu virus."
		Characterization of the Reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Virus, Science, Vol 310, Issue 5745, 77-80, 7 October 2005,
	www.kurzweilai.net /news/news_single.html?id=4934 (526 words)

	1918 News Service :: Section
		Below is a listing of the stories that have been catagorized as pertaining to Science.
		From PowerLine Blog; Science and politics, that is. In recent years, the politicization of science by the left has become a serious problem.
		A study in Science declared, "A large increase was seen in the number and proportion of hurricanes reaching categories 4 and 5."
	news.1918.com /section.php?section_id=12 (2489 words)

	Science/AAAS \| Science Magazine: Previous Issues
		Science, January 1997 to present -- abstracts/summaries, full-text HTML, and full-text PDF.
		Science Classic, July 1880 to December 1996 -- full-text PDF access to all issues of Science before December 1996 (separate institutional subscription may apply).
		How to access: The full text of Science issues since January 1997 is available online to AAAS members, to users at subscribing institutions, and on a pay-per-article basis.
	www.sciencemag.org /archive (1543 words)

	Avian flu is related to 1918 flu \| Science Buzz
		Avian flu is related to 1918 flu
		Find out more about the virus that has scientists concerned about the next possible pandemic.
		The work on this site is © copyright The Science Museum of Minnesota, 2004-2006.
	ltc.smm.org /buzz/avian_flu_is_related_to_1918_flu (37 words)

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