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Topic: 1921 in rail transport

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1920 in rail transport

1928 in rail transport

	British Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		British Railways (BR) later rebranded as British Rail ran the British railway system between the nationalisation of the 'Big Four' British railway companies in 1948 until it was privatised in stages 1994 and 1997.
		The British Railways Board was created in the early 1960s over from the former British Transport Commission which in addition to the railway also responsible for the waterways (canals) and road freight transport.
		Between the mid-1960s and mid- 1970s the size of the British rail was reduced from around 20 000 miles 12 000 miles as a result of " Beeching Axe " the cost-cutting review conducted by BR Dr Richard Beeching.
	www.freeglossary.com /British_Rail (418 words)

	British Rail
		Historically, the term "British Rail" only dates from the mid-1960s, the nationalised railway previously being known as "British Railways" as shown in the early logos of the nationalised railway, including the "cycling lion".
		Between the mid-1960s and mid-1970s the size of the British rail network was reduced from around 20,000 miles to 12,000 miles as a result of the "Beeching Axe", the cost-cutting review conducted by BR Chairman Dr Richard Beeching.
		As a residuary body the Board is responsible for discharging a number of functions, including its obligations in respect of liabilities acquired as a major employer over nearly half a century and as a direct result of the privatisation process.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/British_Rail.html (305 words)

	Rail transport in Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A symbolic loss to the UK rail freight industry was the custom of the Royal Mail, which from 2004 is discontinuing use of its 49-train fleet, and switching to road haulage after a near 170 year preference for trains.
		The Strategic Rail Authority is the statutory strategic planning and coordinating body for the rail industry, and the guardian of passenger and freight interests.
		The Office of Rail Regulation has as its principal functions to regulate Network Rail's stewardship of the national rail network infrastructure, and to hold train operating companies accountable to the terms of their operating licence.
	rail-transport-in-great-britain.ask.dyndns.dk (2621 words)

	British Rail
		The rail transport system in Great Britain developed during the 19th century.
		The Transport Act 1947 made provision for the nationalisation of the network, as part of a policy of nationalising public services by Clement Attlee's Labour Government.
		The modernisation plan however failed to take into account the effect that mass-road transport would have upon the traditional role of the railways, and as a result much money was wasted by heavy investment in things like marshalling yards, at a time when small wagon-load traffic was in rapid decline.
	www.keywordmage.net /br/british-rail.html (1457 words)

	1921 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
		April 14 - In Britain, labour unions for mining, railway and transportation workers call for a strike - government threatens to call in the army
		You can find it there under the keyword 1921 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1921andaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1921 (1681 words)

	THE BENNIE RAILPLANE SYSTEM
		The Railplane was a form of monorail with a carriage held on an overhead track, which itself was suspended on a framework of steel girders, by front and rear grooved wheels.
		The carriage was driven by fore and aft aircraft propellers, powered by either a live electric rail or petrol engines, and braked by a system acting on the overhead wheels and by rotating the rear propeller in a different direction from the front one.
		It seems that most were generally impressed by its potential as a means of safe and rapid transport.
	gillonj.tripod.com /bennierailplane (386 words)

	Transport
		November 26, 1832 - public transportation began in New York City; fare of 12-1/2 cents; three non-connecting compartments, each able to carry ten passengers, rode on iron wheels along iron rails laid in the middle of the road.
		H.W. Stewart, then the General Manager of Burlington Transportation Company, to found an umbrella association of privately-owned and independent carriers to increase passenger traffic between and within members' respective territories; newly-organized association operated under name Trailways; served 24,023 miles of routes, principally in the Midwest.
		Transportation Research; Information Services (TRIS) Http://Tris.Amti.Com/Search.Cfm Database is the world's largest and most comprehensive bibliographic resource on transportation information." (400,000 bibliographic records).
	www.kipnotes.com /Transport.htm (3368 words)

	Donington on Bain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mr Bosnell had started work on the land at the age of eight and was rewarded with three pence per day for his first juvenile labours.
		A route was planned leaving the East Lincolnshire branch of the Great Northern Railway by a junction near to Monks Dyke crossing at Louth and terminating at a junction near to Five Mile House at Washingborough.
		It was hoped that a new rail link would facilitate the exploitation of ironstone deposits at Apley, near Wragby and Donington on Bain.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /bainvalley/page2.html (1131 words)

	1921
		Miners’ conditions improved during the War and immediate post-war period when the mines were taken under government control and demand for coal was high but an economic slump from 1920 and the return of the mines to private ownership (despite an apparent promise to retain public control) created bitter industrial conflict.
		A national miners’ strike in 1920 ended in compromise but strike action against wage cuts and local pay bargaining in 1921 failed and was marked, on “Black Friday”, by the collapse of the Triple Alliance (of miners’, transport workers’ and rail unions) and its promise of joint industrial action.
		In July 1925, the Supply and Transport Committee was activated and ten Civil Commissioners were granted plenary powers under the 1920 Emergency Powers Act to maintain transport, food and coal supplies, and postal services.
	faculty.goucher.edu /history231/Boughton_General_Strike.htm (2888 words)

	GH&D Light Rail Report
		In 1991, FIDO commissioned a light rail study, undertaken by Gutteridge Haskins and Davey Pty Ltd, to identify costs associated with the provision and operation of a light rail system from Woongoolba Creek to Central Station and the McKenzie Line east to the Wabby Plots.
		Another potential use of the rail network is to carry freight from the western to the eastern side of the island, thus minimising cross island freight traffic.
		As such, an alternative transportation option is required that achieve the objective of distributing passengers without impacting on the environmental values and management economics of the Island.
	www.fido.org.au /GHDLightRailReport.html (7286 words)

	Transport, defence
		The majority of Australia’s rail network was laid down in the second half of the 19th century by colonies independent of each other and trading primarily with Great Britain.
		Another legacy is the four different rail gauges found in the states; some states have more than one gauge.
		National Rail, a federal corporation, began operations in 1993, with the aim of taking over interstate freight operations and ownership of federal rail assets.
	www.australia-migration.com /page/Transport_defence/236 (807 words)

	1921 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		May 31 - Tulsa Race Riot: A civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma,USA, the official death toll is 39, but recent investigations suggest the actual toll may be much higher.
		1921 is a song on the album Tommy by The Who.
		1921, Events, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, unknown dates, Fictitious Events, Births, Date unknown, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, Deaths, Nobel prizes and 1921.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/1921 (2262 words)

	Roads & Transport
		In 1865 a merger took place with the North Eastern Railway which in 1921 became known as the L.N E R. In 1949 on Nationalisation it became British Rail.
		In 1921 the company amalgamated with the L.N.E.R., and in 1925 a new type of engine was introduced called a Sentinel Car which was really a single carriage with a horizontal engine housed at one end.
		The next great advance in transport came in the early part of this century with the invention of the motor car, but this mode of transport was beyond the means of the ordinary working men until buses arrived.
	www.cornforth.org.uk /roads.htm (2013 words)

	TRANSPORT ACT, 1950 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		the expression "transport undertaking" means the undertaking of a transport undertaker.
		(b) All bye-laws made by any former transport company and which are in force immediately before the establishment date shall, on and after the establishment date, continue in force and be deemed to have been made under this section and shall be capable of being amended or revoked by bye-laws made under this section.
		(5) Transport stock (other than substituted transport stock) shall be created and issued subject to such terms and conditions as regards the rate and payment of interest thereon and the redemption thereof as the Minister for Finance may approve.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /1950_12.html (11714 words)

	The Tulsa Race Riot
		Only seeing the world as Tulsans did in 1921, and by grasping both their passions and their fears, can we comprehend not only how this great tragedy could occur, but why, in the end, that it did.
		In 1921, most Tulsans received their news through either one or both of the city's two daily newspapers -- the Tulsa World, which was the morning paper, or the Tulsa Tribune, which came out in the afternoon.
		Sawing their way through their cell doors and through the one-inch steel bars that were set in an outer window, and then lowering themselves four stories to the ground on a rope that they had made by tying their blankets together, no less than twelve prisoners had escaped from the top floor jail.
	www.tulsareparations.org /TulsaRiot.htm (21275 words)

	Timeline France 1921-1967
		1921 Nov 5, Gyorgy Cziffra, Hungarian-French pianist, was born.
		1921 Winston Churchill, T.E. Lawrence and archeologist Gertrude Bell promoted "the sherifian solution," under which the Hashemite family-- Hussein, the sherif of Mecca, and his sons, would rule over the region under Britain's eye.
		He stayed in Paris and wrote for emigre publications and railed against Germany and racism in his essays and novels.
	timelines.ws /countries/FRANCE1921_1967.HTML (13935 words)

	National Archives of Australia - The Collection - Transport - Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Commonwealth was first involved in rail transport when they acquired administration of the Northern Territory in 1911.
		The report was considered at a Premiers conference in November 1921 and the Commissioners recommendation of a uniform 4' 8 1/2" gauge was accepted.
		Other railway photographs can be found in the rail transport section of PhotoSearch.
	www.naa.gov.au /the_collection/transport/rail.html (677 words)

	Gliders Rethinking the Utility of these Silent Wings for the Next Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The majority of the gliders represented underwent rigorous field testing and refinement; the payload capabilities are comparable to heavy-lift helicopters and even tactical transport aircraft at one-tenth or less of the unit cost of either; and, background studies and after-action reports on performance in combat exist.
		This is in stark contrast to armored and mechanized divisions that continuously train, with the platforms that transport them into battle, for combined arms operations integrating battalions of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and self-propelled artillery into a cohesive combination of firepower, maneuver, and mass.
		In the case of the latter, UH-60 #1 transports the TOW Squad (squad leader, gunner, assistant gunner, and ammunition bearer) and the TOW system (optical sight, tripod, missile guidance set, launch tube, and a basic combat load of encased missiles) while UH-60 #2 transports the M-966 via slingload.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/torrisi.html (15869 words)

	Late Breaking Rail Industry News
		The mill's rail production capabilities will include the production of long rails (240-foot and 320-foot) and the welding of these rails into quarter-mile strings at a rail welding facility that is currently under construction.
		The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Inspector General found that driver error or poor judgment was responsible for 94 percent of public grade crossing accidents and 87 percent of fatalities.
		Transport Canada is currently studying technological methods that would help to improve safety at level crossings not protected by conventional automatic warning systems.
	www.rtands.com /breaking_news_archive.shtml (18548 words)

	Clulow: Multimodal Transport in South Africa
		Contractual multimodal transport takes place when a single person assumes responsibility for the goods throughout the entire carriage from A to B regardless of whether he is physically involved in the carriage of the goods.
		The legal problems caused by contractual multimodal transport include whether a multimodal transport document is a document of title, whether the mandatory carriage regimes apply and how can the different mandatory carriage regimes be reconciled in the case of a multimodal transport operation.
		The difference from the pure network system, is that if the damage occurs during a mode of transport which is not subject to a mandatory carriage regime, or if one cannot establish during which mode of transport the damage occurred, then the liability will be governed by the provisions of the multimodal contract itself.
	www.uctshiplaw.com /theses/clulow.htm (9285 words)

	Otago Central Rail Trail and Pukerangi \| Bike hire, accommodation and transport by Rail Trail Services
		This is where the Taieri Gorge Railway's daily year-round trip from Dunedin ends (on Fridays and Sundays from October to April a second departure takes you right to Middlemarch - rail and trail head - please check time table for more information).
		The Otago Central Railway branched from the South Island Main Trunk Line at Wingatui station south of Dunedin (you can still board the train at Wingatui Station) and ran through Middlemarch, Ranfurly, Omakau and Alexandra to Cromwell, 235 km away.
		It was built primarily to transport agricultural and pastoral produce from Otago's hinterland into Dunedin.
	www.railtrail.co.nz /pukerangi.html (942 words)

	RAIL-MARINE
		Most major rail lines coming into the NY metropolitan area from the south and west, the PRR (Pennsy, Pennsylvania RR), Erie, LV (Lehigh Valley), Lackawanna, and the Jersey Central, itself, had rail-marine terminals on the Jersey side of the river.
		Two steam-tug-drawn floats were constructed, each holding 8 cars transversely, and they were served by triple-track aprons at the transfer landings, running from Alexandria down the Potomac 60 miles to Aquia Landing, about 10 miles northeast of Fredricksburg, Maryland.
		Either site is well worth "navigating", with their plethora of photos of European heavy rail, road, and marine operations.
	home.att.net /~Berliner-Ultrasonics/railmarn.html (2146 words)

	NJ Transport Heritage Center - Book List
		A panorama that transports the reader to a way of life lost to history as the canal people, on water and on land, weave tales enjoyable to all.
		Covers the rail car era on the Erie; infant gas cars; maturity; post depression era; pre to postwar; end of the line; nostalgic memories; preface, table of contents, forward, introduction, rosters, and biblio.
		The Tuckerton RR: A Chronicle of Transport to the NJ Seashore, by John Brinckmann.
	www.njthc.org /booklist42002.htm (8293 words)

	Illinois Railway Museum - IRM Goes Underground
		By 1921, Grant Park was filled to about 11' above this tunnel, the current grade of Lake Shore Drive.
		Later, the elevator hoist house was removed and the shafts were capped and covered over, but the equipment east of the elevators remained intact in the spur tunnel.
		In January 1996, the Chicago Department of Transportation's (CDOT) Commissioner Tom Walker and Chief Highway Engineer Tim Martin agreed to work with IRM to remove the equipment when the elevator shafts were exposed and opened up during construction.
	www.irm.org /railwire/rw162a1.html (3030 words)

	Explore MOTAT, Auckland's Museum of Transport and Technology
		The idea of a national museum of transport began to take shape in 1957 soon after closure of the electric tramways in Wanganui, Invercargill, New Plymouth, Christchurch, Dunedin and Auckland during 1950–56.
		Beginning with Auckland tram No.253, the Old Time Transport Preservation League began to assemble examples of our national transport heritage at Matakohe, 150km north of Auckland.
		Auckland Streamliner 253 about to be loaded onto a transporter to temporary offsite storage 8/02/05.
	www.motat.org.nz /collections/trams.htm (1703 words)

	British Rail Timetable -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		thumbright300pxLogo of British Rail British Railways (BR), later rebranded as British Rail, ran the British railway system from the nationalisation of the 'Big Four' British railway companies in 1948 until its privatisation in stages between 1994 and 1997.
		British Railways came into existence on 1 January 1948 with the merger of the Big Four, under the control of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission (BTC).
		The logo which is currently captioned at the cycling lion isn't the one I'd call that.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/23/british-rail-timetable.html (604 words)

	The South Western Railway Society - Birregurra Station (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The line originally left the Port Fairy line and the down end of Colac yard and ran parallel to the main line for 12 miles before turning to the north-west.
		As an economy measure during World War 2 (1939-1945), the parallel track from Colac to divergence at 96 miles 61 chains 78 links was removed on 8/12/1943 and the rails used elsewhere.
		Due to the inroads of road transport into the carriage of onions and potatoes for interstate destinations, traffic continued to decline and it was decided that the line would be closed to traffic on 10/11/1954.
	www.railpage.org.au /swrs/Alive.html (1624 words)

	World Rail Transit List
		Their list of tramways, metros, trolleybus systems and commuter rail is at the URL:
		These criteria work relatively well among the limited North American examples but break down when they are applied to the diversity of systems in Europe or elsewhere.
		Installations not part of urban or suburban common carrier passenger transport (private use, rural lines, museums, etc) and facilities confined within a complex, institution, amusement park, airport, or other non-"public" space should not be included on this list.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/rail-transit-list.html (2275 words)

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