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	No. 1/1922: CONSTITUTION OF THE IRISH FREE STATE (SAORSTÁT EIREANN) ACT, 1922
		The Executive Authority of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) is hereby declared to be vested in the King, and shall be exercisable, in accordance with the law, practice and constitutional usage governing the exercise of the Executive Authority in the case of the Dominion of Canada, by the Representative of the Crown.
		The number of judges, the constitution and organisation of; and distribution of business and jurisdiction among, the said Courts and judges, and all matters of procedure shall be as prescribed by the laws for the time being in force and the regulations made thereunder.
		The passing and adoption of this Constitution by the Constituent Assembly and the British Parliament shall be announced as soon as may be, and not later than the sixth day of December, Nineteen hundred and twenty-two, by Proclamation of His Majesty, and this Constitution shall come into operation on the issue of such Proclamation.
	www.achtanna.ie /zza1y1922.1.html (4741 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With the adoption of the current constitution in 1937 the membership of the Dáil was reduced from 153 to 138, but in the 1960s Seán Lemass as Taoiseach found difficulty in appointing ministers.
		Nonetheless, because the First Dáil was illegal under the British constitution, the lower house of the Parliament of Southern Ireland, the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, is considered in British legal theory as the precursor to the Dáil.
		The Dáil of the Irish Republic was succeeded in 1922 by the Dáil of the Irish Free State.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Dail (1528 words)

	Constitution of the Irish Free State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As originally enacted, the constitution was firmly shaped by the requirements of the Anglo-Irish Treaty that had been negotiated between the British government and Irish leaders in 1921.
		The constitution was adopted by means of a complex process involving both the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Irish Dáil.
		Constitution (Removal of Oath) Act (3 May 1933): Abolished the Oath of Allegiance and removed requirements that the constitution and laws of the Free State be compatible with the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Free_State_Constitution (4525 words)

	Irish Law - Irish Constitution
		A new Constitution in 1922 meant that twenty six counties became the independent ‘Irish Free State.’ Six other counties in Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom, and this has, of course, been the subject of great controversy since then.
		Article 73 of the 1922 Constitution carried all previous UK law forward into Irish law, which explains why some pre-1922 UK statutes are still in force in Ireland.
		In 1972 the Constitution was amended to recognise Ireland’s membership of the EEC (now the EU) and there have been similar amendments to recognise major new European Treaties such as the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997.
	www.ucc.ie /law/irishlaw/constitution (439 words)

	Lithuania - MSN Encarta
		According to its constitution, which was ratified in late 1992, the president is the head of state.
		In Kaunas, meanwhile, a Lithuanian constituent assembly was elected in April 1920, and in 1922 it approved a new constitution that officially established Lithuania as an independent republic.
		In 1928 a new constitution was passed that formalized the new government structure in which Smetona ruled by decree.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555831_4/Lithuania.html (1499 words)

	Republic of Ireland - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In carrying out certain constitutional powers and functions, the president is aided by the Council of State, an advisory body.
		Under the Irish constitution (Bunreacht na hÉireann), parliamentary elections must be held at least every 7 years, though a lower limit may be set by statute law.
		It is bound to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the northeast by the North Channel[?].
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /re/Republic_of_Ireland.html (2101 words)

	King of Ireland
		Under the 1922 Constitution of the Free State, the King became king in Ireland.
		In 1936, the 1922 Constitution was amended to remove references to the King, Crown and Governor-General of the Irish Free State.
		Though the 1937 constitution, Bunreacht na hÉireann, provided for a 'president of Ireland', King George VI was proclaimed 'King of Ireland' in 1936.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ki/King_of_Ireland.html (506 words)

	[No title]
		The Evolution of the Illinois Constitution A fraction of the geography that became Illinois was formally instituted as a Virginia county in December of 1778.
		The Constitution of 1818 Cornelius (1972) argues that the 1818 Illinois constitution was characteristic of frontier constitutions, in that it was “short and rudimentary,” and that the document’s framers exhibited “impatience” and “improvisation.” Furthermore, the eagerness of the convention to draft a constitution quickly led to the pilfering of preexisting constitutions.
		According to Cornelius, the 1870 constitution’s strong public support was a result of negative public sentiment regarding the state government in general and support for the apparent spirit of bipartisanship under which the document was written. The Constitution of 1970 The 1870 constitution’s resistance to change complicated the hope for progressive government policy.
	cstl-cla.semo.edu /walling/ildraft1.doc (6379 words)

	Constitution of Ireland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After 1922 the government of the Free State regularly exploited a provision of the constitution that allowed it to be amended by a simple act of parliament.
		The constitution states that it is the highest law of the land and grants the Supreme Court authority to interpret its provisions, and to strike down the laws of the Oireachtas and activities of the Government it finds to be unconstitutional.
		The Constitution of Ireland, particularly in the form in which it was adopted in 1937, has been accused of favouring the Roman Catholic Church and of bias against Protestants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland (5283 words)

	00:1 Newsletter on Philosophy and Law: Articles: The Rise and Fall of Natural Law in Irish Constitutional Adjudication
		This view constitutes a form of ‘natural law’ thinking, because it motivates the adjudicative view that lines must be continually redrawn in order to insure that novel legislation remains faithful to the original moral vision of the liberal-democratic polity.
		The Courts…recognized the Constitution as the fundamental law of the State to which the organs of the State were subject and at no stage recognized the provisions of the natural law as superior to the Constitution.
		The people were entitled to amend the Constitution in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 of the Constitution and the Constitution as so amended by the Fourteenth Amendment is the fundamental and supreme law of the State representing as it does the will of the people.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/publications/newsletters/v00n1/law/02.asp (10426 words)

	Taoiseach
		The office, whose title literally means The Leader (though translated in the constitution as 'prime minister') was created in Bunreacht na hÉireann, the Irish constitutution adopted in 1937 and drafted by Eamon de Valera.
		Under the 1922 Constitution drafted by Michael Collins, the title of prime minister was "President of the Executive Council".
		(The government, known in the 1922 Constitution as the Executive Council[?] had to be disbanded and reformed to drop a minister.) He personally also could not seek a dissolution of Dáil Éireann from the Governor-General; that power belonged collectively to the Executive Council[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ta/Taoiseach.html (773 words)

	THE CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND
		This unofficial text of the Constitution is based on the text published prior to the referendum and voted on by the people in 1937 together with the subsequent amendments passed by the Oireachtas and voted on in referendum.
		The Constitution of 1922, while recognising the People as the supreme law-givers, nonetheless contained a dualism repugnant to the republican ideal in that the British Monarch was a constituent part of the legislature (under Article 12).
		A crucial Article of the 1922 Constitution was Article 50, which provided for the amendment of the Constitution by the Oireachtas, without reference to the people, for a period of eight years from the date of the coming into effect of the operation of the Constitution.
	www.johnpghall.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /constit.htm (5960 words)

	East European Constitutional Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With this amendment, the law now reads that the prosecutor may be removed only for being a member of a political party or political organization, violating the anticorruption law, intentionally violating a law, or engaging in shameful or disrespectful behavior.
		The second amendment to the Constitution concerns the state language, previously unregulated by the Constitution.
		The third amendment incorporated into the Constitution is the provision of a three-tier court system as outlined in the Law on Judicial Power.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol7num4/32.html (480 words)

	Tithe an Oireachtas - Houses of the Oireachtas.
		The Constitution provided that the Seanad should be composed of citizens who had done honour to the nation by reason of useful public service or who, because of special qualifications or attainments, represented important aspects of the nation’s life.
		Legislation to remove the oath required to be taken by Members of the Oireachtas, as laid down in Article 17 of the 1922 Constitution (commonly referred to as the Oath of Allegiance), was opposed by the Seanad and its enactment postponed for almost a year.
		The Irish Free State Constitution remained in force until it was replaced by the Constitution of Ireland, which was passed by the Dáil on 14 June 1937, adopted by the people in a plebiscite on 1 July 1937, and came into operation on 29 December 1937.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /aboutthissite.html (2788 words)

	Wikinfo \| Irish Free State Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Irish Free State Constitution (full name: Irish Free State (Constitution) Act, 1922 but also known simply as the 1922 Constitution) was the Constitution of the Irish Free State created in December 1922.
		The Constitution was shaped by the requirements of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed between representatives of the British Government and the Irish Republic in December 1922.
		By 1936, the constitution had been so severely amended that it was clear that an entirely new replacement document was needed.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State (755 words)

	Latvia 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Following the procedures outlined in the 1922 Constitution (which was readopted in 1993), the legislature’s legal committee considered concept proposals from a parliamentary special committee and the Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK party, which was a member of the governing coalition.
		Latvian political parties believe that consensus among factions is required for constitutional amendments, and so despite allegations of bias and protests from the Russian-speaking minority, they accepted the state language provision in return for Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK’s support for the human rights chapter.
		The 100-member Saeima failed on several occasions to achieve the necessary 2/3 quorum for a constitutional amendment; on October 15, 1998, quorum was achieved and the amendments passed 76-0.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /pcwcr/reports/latvia1998.html (290 words)

	Document Download Page
		“Constitution of the C.P. of A.: Adopted at the Emergency Convention, January 1922, of the Communist Party of America.” [Central Caucus faction] Basic document of organizational law of the Central Caucus faction’s “Communist Party of America,” established by an “Emergency Convention” held Jan. 7-11, 1922.
		After June 28, 1922, however, “in accord with this decision...you are definitely expelled from the CI.” Each member was invited to decide for themself whether to rejoin— bearing in mind that the decision might mean the severing of old friendships and associations.
		Constitution of the Red International of Labor Unions, as of 2nd World Congress—Nov. 1922.” Early constitution of RILU (also known as the Profintern), the American affiliate of which was the Trade Union Educational League.
	www.marxists.org /history/usa/eam/year/year1922downloads.html (11606 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		Constitution: The 1922 constitution, the 1990 declaration of renewal of independence, and the 1991 "Basic Law for the Period of Transition" serve until a new constitution is ratified.
		In July 1989, the Latvian Supreme Soviet adopted a "Declaration of Sovereignty" and amended the constitution to assert the supremacy of its laws over those of the U.S.S.R. Pro-independence Latvian Popular Front candidates gained a two-thirds majority in the Supreme Council in the March 1990 democratic elections.
		The U.S. legation in Riga officially was established November 13, 1922, and served as the headquarters for U.S. representation in the Baltics during the interwar era.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/latvia9408.html (3715 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		That constitution locates the authors of the state, its architects and its constructors, in that most memorable of phrases.“ We the people” As the occupants of a state, its citizens are the sole authors of a state’s being, the sole source of its authority, and the sole reason and purpose for the state’s existence.
		In the 1922 treaty it states in Article 2 that “All powers of Government and all authority, legislative, executive and judicial in Ireland are derived from the people of Ireland” By 1937 the role of the people is dropping lower in the realm of things constitutional.
		At a constitutional level this could be avoided if the indicators in the American Constitution, now over 200 years old, were followed, and if the citizens creating the state were identified, mainly but not only, through a statement of their basic rights.
	cog.kent.edu /archives/ownership/doc00052.doc (10077 words)

	Constitution. The World Factbook. 2003
		24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it was not ratified by a national referendum; one outcome of the ongoing inter-Congolese dialogue is to be a new constitution
		the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
		provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/48.html (2039 words)

	Constitution and Government of Ireland
		It is the successor of the Constitution of Dáil Éireann (1919) and the Constitution of the Irish Free State (1922).
		Citizens, and in certain cases non-citizens, have the right to apply to the courts to protect from infringement their rights under the Constitution or to have a judgement pronounced as to whether legislation is compatible with the Constitution, provided the legislation affects, or is likely to affect, the person challenging it.
		Under the Constitution, the Dáil has exclusive responsibility for considering the estimates of receipts and expenditure of the State, for approving international agreements which involve charges upon public funds and for assenting to a declaration of, or participation in, war.
	www.ireland-information.com /reference/congov.htm (2863 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 1 - 03 October, 1922 - CONSTITUTION OF SAORSTAT EIREANN BILL (COMMITTEE). - ARTICLE 24.
		We should proceed rather to improve the machinery of the Constitution than run into conflict in these matters to which I think we are all more or less committed.
		If such an Article were in the Constitution of this country it would not be necessary for them to urge in the public Press that Parliament be summoned.
		According to the Constitution Parliament lasts four years, unless it is dissolved before the end of the four years.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0001/D.0001.192210030027.html (2542 words)

	[No title]
		Eamon De Valera in pro per that convinced the Dail to replace the 1922 Constitution with the one mentioned in para.2 of this advice.
		[15] The Constitution of 1937 as applicable today as when it was enacted by Mr Eamon De Valera and whilst it recognised the reality of British presence in the northeast it claimed jurisdiction over all of Ireland and renamed the nation Eire.
		[35] The Constitution of the Irish Free State was superseded by the current Constitution enacted by the People of Ireland on 1 July 1937 and in operation from 29 December 1937.
	www.emediawire.com /prfiles/2005/08/28/277947/FullAdvice.doc (1416 words)

	The Avalon Project : 20th Century Documents
		Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, December 15, 1946
		Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, November 16, 1945
		UNESCO - Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, November 16, 1945
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/20th.htm (1522 words)

	The Structure and Operation of Lithuania's Parlamentary Democracy 1920-1939
		In case of constitutional change or amendment, the Seimas' decision could be submitted for final outcome to the people by a general vote, if required by the President, or one-fourth of the Seimas members, or petition of 50,000 citizens having election rights.
		This principle was accepted by the Constituent Assembly in its provisional Constitution of June 10, 1920, and given a recognition of permanency in the Constitution of 1922; whenever the President was unable to perform presidential duties, the Speaker became the Acting President.
		14 Lithuania, The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 7922.
	www.lituanus.org /1986/86_3_01.htm (15105 words)

	Lettonie (84) Constitution 1922
		Constitution de la République de Lettonie de 1922.
		La Saeima peut réviser la Constitution dans une séance où deux tiers au moins de ses membres sont présents.
		Les modifications de la Constitution soumises au vote du peuple sont adoptées, si la moitié au moins de tous ceux qui ont le droit de voter se sont exprimé en leur faveur.
	www.letton.ch /lvconsti.htm (3287 words)

	Latvia - Government and Politics
		A de facto transition period for the renewal of independence was to culminate in elections to a restored Saeima (Latvia's pre-1940 legislature).
		The Supreme Council declared the Soviet annexation of Latvia illegal and restored certain articles of the constitution of February 15, 1922, pertaining to the election of the Saeima and to Latvia's status as an independent and democratic state whose sovereign power rests with the Latvian people.
		Their reluctance to tamper with the 1922 constitution and the basics of the 1918 republic extended to a refusal to change Latvia's electoral law, which technically was not even part of the constitution.
	countrystudies.us /latvia/20.htm (623 words)

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