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	MSN Encarta - Search View - American Architecture
		Architecture in the English colonies also underwent a dramatic change, moving away from ethnic vernacular traditions toward a stylish emulation of the fashionable architectural details used for public buildings and country houses in Britain in the late 1700s.
		American architecture in the years between 1890 and 1920 was dominated by academically trained architects, many of whom had studied at the acclaimed École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
		The architectural firm of C. Lee and Partners surpassed the Petronas Towers in 2003 with Taipei 101, a skyscraper in Taiwan that rises 509 m (1,671 ft).
	encarta.msn.com /text_461575773__1/American_Architecture.html (11159 words)

	MSN Encarta - Modern Architecture
		The one European dictatorship hospitable to modern architecture was that of Benito Mussolini in Italy.
		In 1932 American architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock and American architect Philip Johnson wrote a highly influential catalog to accompany an exhibition of architectural photographs and models at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
		An exhibition of Brazilian architecture held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 1943 celebrated the International Style accomplishments of this diverse group, which included Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, and Roberto Burle Marx.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595616_4/modern_architecture.html (1657 words)

	modern architecture. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		new architectural style that emerged in many Western countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament.
		The visual aesthetic of modern architecture was largely inspired by the machine and by abstract painting and sculpture.
		Increasingly, during the 1950s, modern architecture was criticized for its sterility, its “institutional” anonymity, and its disregard for regional building traditions.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mo/modarch.html (1020 words)

	Interstices 4: Privacy & Propaganda: the politics of the Dixon Street Flats, Julia Gatley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This architectural language was that of modernist Europe of the 1920s and early 1930s and was associated with the political left.
		In her thesis on the architecture of Plischke in New Zealand, Linda Tyler provides evidence that Plischke was given little responsibility during his first couple of years in the Department of Housing Construction.
		Beatriz Colomina argues that modern architecture only became modern with its engagement with the media, and that, as a result of reproduction in the media, the location of a particular building is no longer exclusive to its construction site but is displaced into such sites as architectural publications, journals and exhibitions.
	www.architecture.auckland.ac.nz /publications/interstices/i4/THEHTML/papers/gatley/main.htm (4932 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Burian, Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico
		The limited commentary that does appear tends to support the notion that Modern architecture was vaguely an extension of pre-Columbian grandeur—a way for Mexico to take her rightful place among the world's progressive, modern nations—and had the ability to remake society and solve Mexico's social problems.
		In particular, the role of women in schools of architecture in Mexico and of women working in the offices of Mario Pani and other notable architects of the time are histories that have yet to be written in English or Spanish.
		Works of architecture are again made present through books, which in turn lead to their reevaluation by academics, practicing architects, governmental authorities, the general public, and their daily users.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exburmod.html (2017 words)

	CIVILIZATION [1897-1922]
		It remains the average architectural selection of the period mostly among the liberal bourgeois class, gratifying at the same time the latter's desire for social ostentation and the Great Idea imperative.
		In the same period the first systematic attempt at erecting schools is made, with the series of the 400 school buildings by D. Kallias, known as the "Syngros Schools", characterized by the formal monumental composition of Classicism.
		Greekness in architecture has been sought in that period by Dimitrios Tsitouras through writings and designs, Emmanouil Kriezis, who will be most interested in the architecture of the Greek countryside.
	www.fhw.gr /chronos/13/en/civilization/choros/02.html (505 words)

	Courses available 2005-06: Undergraduate degree in Architecture
		Architecture is one of the few subjects in the University that combine the intellectual challenge of a Cambridge Tripos with the opportunity for creative design.
		The course is intended on the one hand to establish the basis for a body of technical, historical and theoretical knowledge and, on the other, to apply this knowledge to the study of the principal questions of building and of the built environment.
		This paper may include questions on the structural aspects of architectural design, the behaviour of structural elements under load, the use of load-bearing brickwork, steel, and reinforced concrete, systems of roof spanning and their calculation, the mathematical and graphical determination of simple structural systems.
	www.cam.ac.uk /cambuniv/guide/ugcourses/arch.html (1315 words)

	VLN: S.F. Architecture 1917-1922
		Generally of Spanish Revival stucco architecture, the tile-roofed school is built around a central patio (Olmsted and Watkins 1969: 275).
		From 1922 to 1947 it served as headquarters for the shipping company established by Captain William Matson that plied the waters between Hawaii and the West Coast.
		This building is a good example of the office building structured as a classical column with a four-story "base" with columns and an entry arcade, nine stories of "shaft," and a richly ornamented "capital" consisting of arched windows under a cornice (Wiley 2000: 158).
	www.verlang.com /sfbay0004ref_20thc_008.html (1464 words)

	VLN: S.F. Architecture 1922-1924
		The last step was "putting on the architecture." Elevations of the various facades were pinned on the wall individually and shifted about until a satisfying composition resulted, which was then drawn up and built.
		The transition to modern architecture is evident in the variations on the ranch house theme that replace some of the period revival styles (Woodbridge and Woodbridge 1992: 170).
		The dominant element in the composition is the Ionic colonnade on a raised porch with freestanding eagles on the entablature.
	www.verlang.com /sfbay0004ref_20thc_009.html (2006 words)

	100 Best Architecture Books
		This selection of architecture books attempts to represent the best Western buildings and architects in proportion to their merit.
		Books that are more about history than architecture have been omitted as belonging more to the category of history than to architectural history.
		Gene Waddell is an architectural historian; College Archivist, College of Charleston; and author of Charleston Architecture, 1670-1860 (Charleston: Wyrick and Co., 2004).
	www.cofc.edu /~waddelle/ArchitectureBookList2.htm (1548 words)

	Archpedia - International Style Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This architectural style that developed in Europe and the United States in the 1920s and '30s and became the dominant tendency in Western architecture during the middle decades of the 20th century.
		The term International Style was first used in 1932 by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson in their essay entitled The International Style: Architecture Since 1922, which served as a catalog for an architectural exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art.
		The result was a reaction against modernist architecture and a renewed exploration of the possibilities of innovative design and decoration.
	www.archpedia.com /Styles-International-Style.html (724 words)

	AllRefer.com - Fiske Kimball (Architecture, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He was professor of architecture and fine arts at the Univ. of Michigan (1912–19) and of art and architecture at the Univ. of Virginia (1919–23) and was in charge of the fine arts department, New York Univ. (1923–25).
		Much of his architectural work consisted of the restoration of old houses, e.g., of Monticello, the Jefferson home, near Charlottesville, and Stratford, the seat of the Lees, both in Virginia.
		He was also the author of Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies (1922), American Architecture (1928), and The Creation of the Rococo (1943).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/KimballF.html (249 words)

	Beazley Archive - Bibliographies - Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		W.B.Dinsmoor, `Structural iron in Greek architecture' AJA 26 (1922) 148-58.
		M.Korres, `The architecture of the Parthenon' in P.Tournikiotis (ed.), The Parthenon and its Impact in Modern Times (1994) 54-97.
		Architectural terminology in 5 languages explained and discussed; arranged by concepts and forms, so begin from the index in the relevant language.
	www.beazley.ox.ac.uk /Bibliographies/ArchitectureBibliog.htm (645 words)

	University of Delaware: EDWARD WILLIAM MARTIN ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
		He developed an interest in architecture, taking several architecture classes at the University of Pennsylvania and eventually attending the University of Liverpool in England, receiving a Bachelor of Architecture in 1922.
		Rossellino) -- Santa Croce, pen and ink (Aug 8, 1922) - Capitals in Museo di Santa Maria del Fiore, pen and ink (Aug 10, 1922) - Wall Tomb in Santa Croce, watercolor (Aug 10, 1922) This is the tomb of Carlo Marsuppini.
		Included is an architectural drawing, sketched in graphite by Schell Lewis in 1951 and mounted on board (F12a).
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/findaids/martin.htm (2805 words)

	Lecture 12: The International Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		His Towards a New Architecture (1923) as one of the most important 20C treatises.
		Architecture and urbanism as overlapping concerns for Corb.
		Defining modern architecture as volume, regularity, and the avoidance of applied decoration.
	suntzu.larc.calpoly.edu /mrc/219-2003/lectures/lecture11.html (457 words)

	Art of Architecture: Modernism in Memphis
		The early propagandist of modern architecture were convinced that a century-old problem had been solved in their own times, that a genuine modern style rather than a revival of past forms had at last been achieved.
		By the mid-1960s, the issues facing architecture and architects emerged as minimal and unimaginative replicas of modern architecture’s seminal works; city planning by planning bureaucracies rather than thoughtful architects; and functional discipline of Modernism was co-opted by profit-driven real estate developers.
		A new, austere architecture with no apparent reference to historic styles and forms but one that was accompanied by prophetic statements about the changing nature of industrial production and the new order of society.
	www.memphisheritage.org /MHIHost/Read-ModernismInMemphis.html (10427 words)

	Powell's Books - Architecture
		The topics it explores include architectural history, building conservation, domestic change, furniture development and the garden...
		Rotherly identifies the various types of building encountered through all of Ireland, north and south, in towns and villages across the countryside, over two hundred buildings by type and by location...
		His architecture is a response to its physical context -- Sydney, Australia -- the spectacular Asian/Pacific city where he was born in 1957 and where he established...
	www.powells.com /usedbooks/Architecture.82.html (532 words)

	Architecture of the University of Oregon: A History, Bibliography, and Research Guide
		Ellis Lawrence consulted with W. Willcox, the new head of the architecture program (from 1922), about the renovation and enhancement of the existing structures to house the growing School of Architecture and Alllied Arts.
		Construction ended in June 1923 on this wing (to the south) of the Architecture building which housed art studios and a gallery.
		The library's reading room is named for Marion Dean Ross, architectural historian and first chair of the Art History department, who died in 1991 and left a large bequest to acquire architectural books.
	libweb.uoregon.edu /guides/architecture/oregon/lawrence.html (976 words)

	Kansas State Collegian: College of Architecture turns 100 10/17/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Madlen Simon, associate professor of architecture and coordinator of the symposium, said that although architecture students would be most interested, the symposium welcomes all students because student fine arts fees help to pay for the program.
		What now is the College of Architecture, Planning and Design began when the Kansas Board of Regents granted former professor John Walters permission to start an architecture curriculum.
		In 1922, the name was changed to the Department of Architecture and Allied Arts.
	www.kstatecollegian.com /stories/101703/new_symposium.shtml (528 words)

	Archpedia - Modern Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Rockefeller Center indicated that by 1930 there was a move toward simple form, which was presaged by the architecture of the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority).
		A modern architecture exhibit in the Museum of Modern Art, New York City, in 1932, recorded by the architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock and the architect Philip Johnson in the book International Style; Architecture Since 1922, familiarized Americans with the International Style.
		Gropius joined the architectural school of Harvard University and established an educational focus recalling the Bauhaus.
	www.archpedia.com /Styles-Modern-5.html (1030 words)

	Sunset: In San Francisco, architectural art, designers' enclave
		In San Francisco this month, you can view a major architectural show at the Museum of Modern Art, in the Civic Center, and view a smaller, intriguing exhibit in a developing architectural enclave across town.
		A new architectural neighborhood is developing in an industrial area at the intersection of Bryant and Second streets, just south of the Bay Bridge.
		Through November 17, the just-opened 2AES: The Art and Architecture Exhibition Space, at 340 Bryant, is showing drawings, models, and furniture by the avant-garde Los Angeles firm Morphosis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1216/is_n4_v181/ai_6676696 (418 words)

	HAUSING ARCHITECTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Kosciuszki, on the turn of the twenties and the thirties a building activity was undertaken under the auspices of the Administration Office of the Province inviting a group of young architects who came to Silesia to the co-operation (often graduates of the Technical University in Lvow).
		They had an opportunity to use their innovatory architectural ideas in the housing building; (functionalism) accomplished mainly in Germany under the influence of Bauhaus and in France (Le Corbusier).
		The best structure of the functionalism architecture of Katowice is 17 storeyed (3 basements) administrative-housing building, so called skyscraper, at ul.
	www.us.edu.pl /katowice/informator/tekst/english/dm323.shtml (223 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: WATKIN, WILLIAM WARD
		Watkin was made assistant professor of architecture in 1915 and professor of architecture in 1922, and he was head of the department of architecture until his death.
		In addition to his educational duties, Watkin had an architectural practice that was especially active during the 1910s and 1920s.
		A specialist in church architecture, Watkin built a number of chapels and churches between 1926 and 1947.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/WW/fwa91.html (525 words)

	Amazon.com: The International Style: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Since the middle of the eighteenth century there have been recurrent attempts to achieve and to impose a controlling style in architecture such as existed in the earlier epochs of the past.
		What is deemed to be modern then has now become a foundation for new styles and new materials to be developed to serve the functions and purposes of the occupants.
		Architects know better that there aren't any form of '-ism' but just good architecture when all the criterions of their clients are met.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0393315185?v=glance (914 words)

	Faculty Profile
		PhD in the Field of Architecture, Art, and Environmental Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Six-day seminar on architecture theory, Oslo School of Architecture, 1996.
		Plenary Debate, "Architectural criticism versus architectural journalism," ACSA Conference, Chicago, 1989.
	www.gsd.harvard.edu /people/faculty/hays/cv.html (1431 words)

	[No title]
		Aim of course: to familiarize advanced students in architecture and architectural history with the basic figures and texts in the history and historiography of modern architecture.
		Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 1958, rev. 1977.
		Architecture in the Age of Reason: Baroque and Post-Baroque…, 1955.
	faculty.washington.edu /mlc/AH591syl.html (744 words)

	English Books > Architecture > U.S. Architecture - General
		Architecture > U.S. Architecture - General listing of 260 titles.
		Caltechs Architectural Heritage: From Spanish Tile To Modern Stone
		Cast-Iron Architecture In America: The Significance Of James Bogardus
	www.netstoreusa.com /books/index/bkbaq200C.shtml (218 words)

	Eileen Gray, Room, 1922 [Archeire, Irish Architecture Online]
		C. Constant refers to Nicolas Le Camus de Mezieres' 18th century text,The Genuis of Architecture and the analogy of that art with our sensations 1780, which describes the Boudoir as "female counterpart to male cabinet or study." "Le Boudoir est regardé comme le séjour de la volupté.
		Eileen created very small rooms, cabinet-like in scale, all of which were designed for multiple uses, for luxuriating, socializing, studying.
		Language thus here poses a minor assault upon the supremacy of built/imaged form, inverting the traditional use of architectural journal to promote built work.
	www.irish-architecture.com /architects_ireland/eileen_gray/room.html (333 words)

	Programming Tutorials - Books : Chicago Architecture and Design 1923-1993: Reconfiguration of an American Metropolis
		This major volume on Chicago's urban history is the first to document the architectural evolution of the city in relation to the social and architectural environments before and after the Great Depression and World War II.
		The book identifies significant changes in city planning, land use, and transportation, and it explores some of the most exciting architecture in the world in the context of America's political, social, and cultural climate.
		The sequel to the widely acclaimed Chicago Architecture, 1872-1922: Birth of a Metropolis, published by Prestel in 1987, this volume appears in conjunction with an exhibition at The Art Institute of Chicago.
	www.programmertutorials.com /ItemId/3791323458 (326 words)

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