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	1923 Municipal Manager Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1923 Municipal Manager Law was the last type of reformed municipal government the State of New Jersey introduced in the progressive era.
		The law introduced to New Jersey the council-manager form of government first developed in Sumter, South Carolina.
		The mayor is elected for a four-year term in municipalities with concurrent terms or serves for a two-year term in Lodi Borough which has staggered terms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1923_Municipal_Manager_Law (195 words)

	New Jersey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was followed by the 1923 Municipal Manager Law, which offered a non-partisan council, provided for a weak mayor elected by and from the members of the council, and introduced Council-Manager government with an (ideally apolitical) appointed manager responsible for day-to-day administration of municipal affairs.
		Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a Special Charter with the approval of the New Jersey Legislature.
		While municipalities retain their types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NJ (7117 words)

	NJLM - Forms of NJ Municipal Government
		Mayor is head of municipal government and sees that state laws and borough ordinances are faithfully executed.
		Mayor is head of municipal government and has all powers vested in mayor by general law.
		Manager is chief executive and administrative official of the municipality.
	www.njslom.org /types.html (973 words)

	Section 99.01.010 Charter. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The regular municipal elections shall be held on the date and in accordance with the laws governing the date of election of school district governing board members, and the election shall be held and conducted in accordance with the same laws, as amended from time to time.
		In the event of the appointment of such agent by contract, the provisions of sections affecting the powers and duties of the manager and of the manager of such utility shall be suspended as to such utility during the term of such contract.
		All general laws of the State applicable to municipal corporations, now or hereafter enacted, and which are not in conflict with the provisions of this Charter or with Ordinances or Resolutions hereafter enacted, shall be applicable to the City.
	www.ci.tulare.ca.us /municipalcodes/Title_99/01/010.html (5166 words)

	PA State Archives - RG-48 - Series Titles - Microfilm: Municipal Governments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Municipal governing bodies make policy decisions, levy taxes, borrow money, authorize expenditures and direct administration of their governments by their appointees.
		In the council manager form, all authority is lodged with council which is composed of five, seven or nine members elected at large for a four year term.
		The manager is the chief administrative officer of the city and is responsible for executing the ordinances of council.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /bah/DAM/rg/rg48m.htm (5718 words)

	L.A. COUNTY LAW LIBRARY, California Ballot Propositions 1910-1919
		S.C.A. Authorizes any county, municipality, irrigation district or other public corporation, issuing bonds under the laws of the state, to make same and interest thereon payable at an place or places within or outside of United States, and in domestic or foreign money, designated therein.
		S.C.A. Declares legislature shall provide by general law for taxation, classify subjects thereof, designate classes wholly or partly taxable for state, county, municipal and district revenues, same class being uniformly taxed within territory of taxing authority; may make tax in lieu of other taxes or licenses; tax commission to administer state taxation.
		Declares this amendment shall not affect prohibitory liquor laws, or ordinances, enacted before such date, or be construed as in conflict with article XXIV-A of constitution if latter article is adopted, and that this amendment supersedes that article on that date.
	lalaw.lib.ca.us /ballot-1910.html (1656 words)

	New Jersey - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		This was followed by the 1923 Municipal Manager Law which offered a non-partisan council, a weak mayor elected by and from among the members of the council, and introduced Council-Manager government, with an (ideally apolitical) appointed manager responsible for day-to-day administration of municipal affairs.
		While municipalities retain their type of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public.
		For example, though there are four municipalities with the Village type of government, Loch Arbour is New Jersey's only one remaining with the village form of government.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/e/w/New_Jersey_5ac9.html (5484 words)

	Montana State Bar Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Maxine Evelyn Reese, who was retired as municipal court clerk in Missoula, died Jan. 2 at Kalispell Regional Medical Center after a brief battle with cancer.
		After high school she was the office manager for Metropolitan Life Insurance in Great Falls, where she met Thomas Reese.
		She became clerk of court for Missoula Municipal Court and retired from that position in 1992.
	www.montanabar.org /montanalawyer/february2003/deaths.html (413 words)

	VCieLaw Virtual Law Library: Agriculture Law-Main Page
		Generally, laws grouped under the heading "agricultural law" relate to the production of the fruits of these activities as they are carried out in a commercial setting.
		It is effected and impinged upon by the laws of torts, contracts, labor law, employment law, real property, securities law, will and trusts, and environmental law.
		In order to understand the present state of agriculture law -it is necessary to unerstand the hisptorical perspective in which it evolved.
	www.vcielaw.com /LawLib_Agriculture_Law_A_Main_Room.htm (1585 words)

	PLCMC Cemetery Database: North Carolina Laws
		All cemetery associations or corporations created by any local, private or special act or resolution before January 10, 1917, are authorized and fully empowered to hold amounts of land in excess of the limitation provided in the local, private or special act or resolution incorporating or chartering such cemetery association or corporation.(1923, c.
		The general manager must be a person of good moral character and have at least one year's experience in cemeteries.
		All rules and regulations heretofore adopted by the town or city for the control, upkeep, management, and maintenance, as well as policing of the cemetery, shall continue in force and effect until and after the said board shall have changed the same as herein provided for.
	www.cmstory.org /cemetery/nclaws.asp (8859 words)

	William and Mary School of Law Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The law of international waterways : with particular regard to interoceanic canals.
		Barbeyrac's prefatory discourse, containing an hiftorical and critical account of the science of morality, and the progrefs it has made in the world, from the earlieft times down to the publication of this work.
		The law of public entertainments : theatres, music and dancing, stage plays, cinematographs, copyright, Sunday performances, children, theatrical cases, and specimen contracts.
	www.wm.edu /law/lawlibrary/collections/05jan.shtml (4282 words)

	William and Mary Law Review Summer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Moreover, a party's right to due process of law may be violated if the factfinder cannot understand and base a decision solely on the evidence.
		Continental Casualty Co., 393 U.S. ("[A]ny tribunal permitted by law to try cases and controversies not only must be unbiased but also must avoid even the appearance of bias."); Thiel v.
		His findings upon the issues submitted to him are admissible as evidence of the matters found and may be read to the jury, subject to the ruling of the court upon any objections in point of law which may be made to the report.
	www.law-forensic.com /judicial_capacity.htm (9603 words)

	AGO_1949-51_No_396 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The law provides that it is possible to make council and committee meetings executive sessions.
		The council-manager law does not expressly state as to who would have the power to perform the duties conferred on a manager before the manager is appointed.
		Inasmuch as the passage of an emergency ordinance is clearly the proper method of providing for the manager's salary, we do not deem it necessary to pass upon this question.
	www.atg.wa.gov /opinions/1949-51/opinion_1949-51_396.html (1271 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Alternative Fuel Transportation Program; Private and Local Government Fleet Determination
		Congressman Sharp was one of the key architects of EPAct, and the floor manager for the bill in the U.S. House of Representatives.
		This view is supported by the fact that the provisions relating to law enforcement vehicles and urban buses require DOE to conduct separate rulemakings to consider whether to adopt these programs.
		DOE has examined today's determination and determines that it will not preempt State law and will not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/January/Day-29/i1923.htm (9151 words)

	FindLaw Constitutional Law Center: U.S. Constitution: Fourteenth Amendment: Annotations pg. 18 of 40
		Mulkey,31 in which, following enactment of an ''open housing'' law by the California legislature, an initiative and referendum measure was passed that repealed the law and amended the state constitution to prevent any agency of the State or of local government from henceforth forbidding racial discrimination in private housing.
		Cutter Laboratories, 351 U.S. The central issue in the ''sit-in'' cases, whether state enforcement of trespass laws at the behest of private parties acting on the basis of their own discriminatory motivations, was evaded by the Court, in finding some other form of state action and reversing all convictions.
		Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. (1982), a civil lawsuit between private parties, the application of state common- law rules to assess damages for actions in a boycott and picketing was found to constitute state action.
	supreme.lp.findlaw.com /constitution/amendment14/18.html (5829 words)

	law.com - Decision
		The protest provision in the Municipal Land Use Law of 1976 is essentially a continuation, with minor changes, of the 1948 amendment.
		Specifically, the dispute centered around the phrase, "a majority of all the members of the municipal council shall constitute a quorum, and the affirmative vote of a majority of all the members shall be necessary to take any action." Id. at 63.
		The parties disputed whether the Legislature intended to modify the common law rule that once a quorum was established, only a majority of the quorum was needed to take any action.
	www.law.com /jsp/decisionstate.jsp?id=1024078965889 (2007 words)

	Balboa Park Research-Amero
		Municipal auto camp is popular with tourists; 10,000 automobiles take advantage of fine Balboa Park equipment in 1922.
		Municipal auto camp discontinued; camp situated on high point in north end of park; about 15 acres; accommodations for approximately 500 campers.
		The management will guarantee that not less than $100,000 shall be expended by this department for expeditions, installations and maintenance.
	sandiegohistory.org /amero/notes-1923.htm (18078 words)

	Williamsburg City Manager's Office
		They were empowered to appoint other officers and make laws to govern the city, provided that local ordinances did not conflict with the laws of the General Assembly.
		Extensive legislative, judicial, and administrative powers in the Charter of 1722 were held in check by a severely limited authority to tax, just as today's state legislatures may give localities broad powers and responsibilities, but closely limit their ways and means.
		Although Gulick may not have been a name known to the bootfl, in the 1930s he was a prominent force nationally in the municipal reform movement.
	www.ci.williamsburg.va.us /dept/manager/govthist.htm (3575 words)

	Morris/Sussex Vicinage
		In accordance with the New Jersey Constitution, the Criminal Division is part of the Law Division of the New Jersey Superior Court.
		Clearance in municipal court appeals is at 196%, the highest clearance rate in the state.
		However, the Presiding Judge of the Criminal Division and Criminal Division Manager, who keep their primary offices in Morris County, are ultimately responsible for the overall judicial and non-judicial management of the Sussex County Criminal Division.
	www.judiciary.state.nj.us /morris/criminal.htm (1077 words)

	new civil discovery law New Developments, discovery rules, discovery cases, statutes, electronic discovery, discovery ...
		It is not an answer for the Petitioner Firm to suggest that a deposition of its managing partner be taken to disclose the insurance policy amounts, or the extent of coverage, because the insurance policies themselves may lead to admissible evidence about the extent of coverage provided and whether coverage would have been contested.
		It is, of course, not wrongful for a manager to instruct his employees to comply with a valid document retention policy under ordinary circumstances.
		The Court's inherent power to sanction may be invoked in response to destruction of evidence: a default judgment, instruct the jury that it may draw an inference adverse to the party responsible for destroying the evidence, civil contempt sanctions, and attorney's fees.
	californiadiscovery.findlaw.com /new_discovery_law_developments.htm (12229 words)

	The Builder Magazine - November 1923
		Tax laws, for example, are not penal in their nature but they are necessary, and the great majority would pay no taxes were they not compelled; and as much may be said of many other matters.
		Furthermore, if laws were laid aside, and policemen dismissed, it would not be long before men, women and children would be kept in control by some other similar social force so that in the long run little would be gained.
		The man who knows no other law of conduct than that which backs the policeman and the penitentiary is an inferior man. In the eyes of Freemasonry he is a profane, one who has never been initiated into the secrets of manhood.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /the_builder_1923_november.htm (12988 words)

	St. John's Municipal Chairmen and Mayors, 1888-1988
		Under the 1888 Municipal Act, a Municipal Council consisting of two government appointees and five councillors elected on a ward system basis governed the city.
		This commission's mandate was to draft new municipal legislation (the Charter, as it came to be known) based on its experience in administering the city.
		The result was legislation in 1914 which replaced the elected municipal council with an appointed commission which drafted a new municipal charter under Gosling's chairmanship.
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~melbaker/mayors_1888/mayors_1888.html (2969 words)

	Balkinization
		The "we expect judges to rule solely according to the law" response is charade, although the very fact that they feel the need to recite it is a telling indication of their awareness that there is something wrong in what they are doing.
		If the rules for staffing the government and making laws privileged the selection of persons with particular virtues (intelligence, a good sense of public opinion, an understand of rights, a desire to compromise) and made sure they remained virtuous in office, enumerated powers and enumerated rights were unnecessary.
		But there is wisdom in his insight that the rule of law is preserved by a decentralized system comprised of a multitude of ordinary judges rendering decisions--including decisions regarding the propriety of the actions of government officials--on a range of issues according to their best reading of law.
	www.balkin.blogspot.com (13599 words)

	New Jersey Politics 101 - Government/Politics
		New Jersey is sliced up in various ways: Congressional districts (13), Legislative districts (40), counties (21) and municipalities (566).
		There are five different types of municipal government that became recognized by the Home Rule Act of 1917: borough, township, city, town and village.
		The Modern forms of government were created by the Walsh Act and the 1923 Municipal Manager Law: three or five member commissions (Walsh Act) and council-manager (Municipal Manager Law)
	www.bluejersey.net /njpolitics101/govtpolitics.html (1071 words)

	Public Interest Organizations - P (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Applicant Qualifications: Full-time: ; Summer: have completed at least one year of law school, and have some experience with or personal commitment to working with victims of domestic violence.
		Applicant Qualifications: Full-time: applicants must have a JD or its equivalent either from a law school in the United States accredited by the American Bar Association, or from a recognized international institution.
		Application Materials: Full-time: applications are accepted on a continuing basis throughout the year, and accepted students may begin their studies in fall, spring, or summer semesters.
	www.law2.byu.edu /Career_Services/PublicInterest/Organizations/p.htm (1826 words)

	Medford Lakes Government Web Listings Information \| Business.com
		The Borough of Medford Lakes is governed under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law.
		Medford Lakes is an independent municipality within the boundaries of Medford Township...
		Medford Lakes Historic District was identified as an eligible historic district by the FCC...
	www.business.com /directory/government_and_trade/by_country/united_states/state_and_local_government/new_jersey/cities_and_towns/medford_lakes/weblistings.asp (518 words)

	Indiana Landlord Tenant Law
		law or the order or decree of a court.
		which it is a part, and it also means a manager of the premises who fails to disclose as required by
		tenant of the termination of such manager's management.
	www.uslandlord.com /laws/ksstatelaw.html (12445 words)

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