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	About the Open Architecture Network \| Open Architecture Network
		The Open Architecture Network aims to be just such a catalyst for change.
		Architecture for Humanity is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that seeks architectural solutions to humanitarian crises and brings design services to communities in need.
		The Open Architecture Network is the result of a yearlong partnership that began in spring 2006 when Architecture for Humanity won the prestigious TED Prize.
	www.openarchitecturenetwork.org /about (602 words)

	Modern Architecture - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Among notable early modern architectural projects are exuberant and richly decorated buildings in Glasgow, Scotland, by Charles Rennie Mackintosh; imaginative designs for a city of the future by Italian visionary Antonio Sant’Elia; and houses with flowing interior spaces and projecting roofs by the American pioneer of modernism, Frank Lloyd Wright.
		He attributed his new architectural concepts to educational building blocks he had played with as a child, to Japanese architecture, and to the prairie landscape on which many of his houses were built.
		The one European dictatorship hospitable to modern architecture was that of Benito Mussolini in Italy.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761595616__1/Modern_Architecture.html (8151 words)

	UO Department of Architecture - Programs of Study
		The purpose of studying architecture is to learn how to make physical changes to our surroundings that enhance the quality of the built environment and our experience of life.
		Within this broad purpose, architectural study and practice include the tasks of providing shelter and environmental protection, providing appropriate settings for human activities, and creating forms that are aesthetically pleasing and supportive of social well-being in the community and society.
		Architecture faculty members believe that the interdisciplinary cooperation of environmentally concerned fields is important to the study of architecture and continually seek new ways to learn from each other.
	architecture.uoregon.edu /index.cfm?mode=programs&page=arch (452 words)

	modern architecture - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		modern architecture new architectural style that emerged in many Western countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the "rational" use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament.
		The visual aesthetic of modern architecture was largely inspired by the machine and by abstract painting and sculpture.
		Increasingly, during the 1950s, modern architecture was criticized for its sterility, its "institutional" anonymity, and its disregard for regional building traditions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-modarch.html (1143 words)

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		Architecture developed a new concept of function anticipating the functionalist discussions of the subsequent centuries, and in particular the educational conception of architecture.
		The work of architecture conceived as a "didactic machine" is no longer interesting in relation to the harmony of its proportions or the arithmetical relations of its composition.
		The "architecture" of this text is governed exactly by the premises it proclaims: the brief content keynotes are used as titles of the individual chapters and gradually developed in several steps; the sketch of introductory statements is presented in more detail by the following text.
	www.artmargins.com /content/feature/dvorak.html (3038 words)

	Architecture
		In fact, the range of our architecture is broad, of many styles and periods, eclectic, and as several owners lived in the same house, maintained and "updated" it, many changes over the years on a given house have enhanced the appearance of the house and maintained the integrity of the original style or did not.
		This is an overview with a focus on the old styles in the center of town and in the farm architecture throughout town.
		Beaverbrook, and with Brookdale Farms and its state preservation for agriculture keeping the center of town with open cultivated land, but new houses are often not built with thought to their fit with neighbors in a town that is dedicated to preserving “rural character”.
	www.hollis.nh.us /windowsonhollispast/architecture/houses.html (8747 words)

	Architecture: The Second Chicago School
		Following the fallow years of World War II, residential architecture in Chicago began to reappear as early as the late 1940s, mostly in the form of apartment towers, while the resumption of commercial building waited until roughly a decade later.
		The origins of the movement are traceable to two powerfully interactive factors: the advent of modernist architecture as a whole in America and the arrival in Chicago of a single, highly influential figure, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
		The stylistic features alluded to here fitted much of the work in question, and in some quarters an effort was made to show a kinship with what had come to be regarded as a first Chicago school, centering on the metal cage and undecorated (or nearly undecorated) frame of the building.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/64.html (1335 words)

	ArtLex on architecture
		Islamic tomb in a walled garden built for Shah Jahan's wife Mumatz Mahal [aka Arjuman Banu Begum], of bearing masonry and inlaid marble, with onion-shape domes and flanking towers, in Agra, India, seat of the Mughal Empire.
		"Architecture is the triumph of human imagination over materials, methods and men, to put man into possession of his own earth.
		Architecture Slide Library at U of California, Berkeley.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/a/architecture.html (2325 words)

	Old Tokyo - 1923 Imperial Hotel
		Under construction from 1915 to 1923, and made largely of volcanic stone and ferro-concrete, the Wright-designed Imperial Hotel enjoyed a 45-year reign as Tokyo's premiere hotel.
		While Wright's "Prairie School" architectural style was said to be heavily influenced by Japanese design, he also was influenced by Mayan architecture and combined the two styles together in his rendering of the hotel.
		Lacking the natural surroundings in the city Wright was used to working with, the layout nonetheless incorporated into it Wright's philosophy of organic architecture, a principal that would be widely copied by other hotel architects around the world in the coming decades.
	www.oldtokyo.com /imperial1923.html (406 words)

	FUTURISM AND THE FUTURISTS - Futurist Architecture by Bob Osborn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Futurist architecture, as with most other art forms, first appeared in the written word, rather than as a practical example, in the Manifesto of Futurist Architecture by Antonio Sant'Elia, published in Lacerba on 01 August 1914.
		His fanciful and somewhat flamboyant architectural visions tend to be structurally and constructionally impracticable.
		Futurist architectural theory was developed during the 1920's and '30's by Luigi Colombo, known as "Filia", the founder and leader of the Turin Futurists, in various magazines and periodicals he published such as “La Città Futurista” and “La Città Nuova”.
	www.futurism.org.uk /architecture/architecture.htm (838 words)

	Lawrence Hall [Architecture of the University of Oregon]
		This model (1980s) shows the south facade of the Art and Architecture Building which was destroyed in 1957 and replaced with a new structure.
		Construction ended in June 1923 on this wing (to the south) of the Architecture building which housed art studios and a gallery.
		The library's reading room is named for Marion Dean Ross, architectural historian and first chair of the Art History department, who died in 1991 and left a large bequest to acquire architectural books.
	libweb.uoregon.edu /guides/architecture/oregon/lawrence.html (1057 words)

	Golf Resorts Pennsylvania: Bedford Springs PA Pittsburgh Harrisburg area luxury hotels golf courses packages ...
		In 1923, Donald Ross created a course that was both challenging and yet one with the natural landscape, and upon its opening, was hailed as one of the best in Pennsylvania.
		The new course is something of a golf architectural museum—encompassing three distinct eras of golf course design that occurred from the 1890’s to the 1920’s.
		In 1923, the most prolific year for golf course construction in the 20th Century, Ross redesigned and expanded the course back to its 18 hole layout.
	www.bedfordspringsresort.com /golf/history.asp (453 words)

	UO Department of Architecture - Architecture Program
		He believed, as Sullivan did, that architecture is, along with other arts, an expression of the values, aspirations and character of the society that produces it.
		Willcox stated these goals in writing an article for the AIA Journal in 1923: “In education, the aim, it would seem, should be the development of one’s own endowments, and not to surpass another, merely, who strives for the same goal.
		The National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), which is the sole agency authorized to accredit U.S. professional degree programs in architecture, recognizes two types of degrees: the Bachelor of Architecture and the Master of Architecture.
	architecture.uoregon.edu /index.cfm?mode=programs&page=arch (1234 words)

	Digital Librarian: Architecture and Historic Preservation
		Among the subjects are the Grand Hôtel Gauquié in Oostduinkerke (demolished in November 2000), Le Valdor, a hospital in Liege and "Le Hasard", a coal mine in Cheratte.
		Architecture Links on the Web is an extensive categorized list of more than 2000 websites from around the world.
		Australian Architecture - 78 examples of twentieth century architecture in Melbourne, Victoria, from the turn of the century to 1980.
	www.digital-librarian.com /architecture.html (5136 words)

	Bermuda's Architecture
		Architects in Bermuda must be Bermudian or working for a Bermudian architectural firm, cannot operate independently if they are not Bermudian and be registered under the Architects Registration Act 1969.
		Bermuda architecture began as English stone architecture of the mid 17th century, modified to suit local conditions.
		Larger Bermuda homes, including many properties now hotels, are also mostly English in architecture too, more in the line of mansions instead of cottages, in some cases, instead of English, along the lines of Scottish manses.
	www.bermuda-online.org /architecture.htm (2895 words)

	Modern Architecture - MSN Encarta
		Introduction; Characteristics; New Materials and Technology; Cities and Suburbs; Art Nouveau and Related Movements; Arts and Crafts and Related Movements; The Age of Machines; Expressionism and Rationalism; The International Style; Beyond Europe and the United States; Scandinavian Modernism; Postmodernism and Diversity
		Among the architects who produced important variants are Pier Luigi Nervi and Aldo Rossi of Italy, and Louis Kahn of the United States.
		To the dictum of Mies van der Rohe, 'Less is more,' American architect and leading postmodernist Robert Venturi replied, 'Less is a bore.' Arguing that the modernist aesthetic was stifling to creativity, disliked by the masses, and uninteresting to design, postmodern architects celebrated diversity, color, and historical references in their designs.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595616_5/Modern_Architecture.html (2002 words)

	Biography of Alvar Aalto
		Graduated in architecture in the University as Technology of Helsinki in 1921.
		There of return in Jyväskylä, it opened a study of architecture in 1923 and the following year one married with architect Aino Marsio.
		Their children describe like a man of balanced temperament that he avoided to get upset, a man to him who frequently was able to find a solution when differences with their clients arose.
	architecture.arqhys.com /alvaraalto-biography.html (727 words)

	Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Architecture
		Exploring architecture from all regions of the world, this three-volume set chronicles and analyzes the twentieth century's vast architectural achievements, both within and well beyond the parameters of Modernism.
		An international collection of 300 writers—including architectural and urban historians, preservationists, architects, engineers, critics, and scholars—presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of buildings, architects, cities, technologies, planning, and numerous related topics.
		Research and publications focus on 20th-century architecture and planning for the automobile, Chicago architecture, American architects, and historic preservation of 20th-century architecture.
	www.routledge-ny.com /ref/architecture (418 words)

	New Testament assembly (Lutsk, Ukraine) UKRAINE page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Architecture in Ukraine has a rich history beginning with structures built by Greek colonists in the Crimea in the 6th century bc.
		Ukraine also was influenced by the lavish rococo style that originated in France; examples include the Church of Saint Andrew in Kyiv and the Cathedral of Saint George in L'viv.
		Exhibits of architecture and artifacts dating from the 11th century can be found in Kyiv in the museums affiliated with the Saint Sophia National Preserve, as well as the Caves Monastery Museum.
	www.nta.lutsk.ua /ukraine.html (8875 words)

	Teacher Resources - Collection - Washington as it Was, 1923-1959
		The images highlight the architecture of government, industrial, commercial, and residential buildings and chronicle Washington's social and cultural life through photographs of its events, clubs, organizations, embassies, museums, galleries, and libraries.
		He produced photographs for commercial clients, such as Potomac Electric Power Company, and scenes that were used on postcards and calendars, as well as for other commercial purposes.
		There are a large number of architectural photographs, including the monuments, memorials, and outdoor sculpture of Washington, D.C. Washington As It Was, 1923-1959 can be used to give students a sense of the city of Washington, D.C. during a particular time.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/ndlpedu/collections/hor/file.html (1540 words)

	Architecture
		architecture may be viewed as more of a art than a scientific process.
		professor of architectural theory and design at the University of Virginia, and is very insightful to the usage of aesthetics in architecture.
		This work will be useful in that it speaks of architecture in a tone and style that one would normally equate to art.
	users.drew.edu /~ejustin/architecture.htm (1199 words)

	Pipestonestar.com - Stories - Church on auction bloc
		The Sioux quartzite church was built between 1892 and 1895.
		A complementing parish hall was added in 1923.
		Architecture is Gothic Revival and is in the style of "Bishop Whipple Churches" built in Minnesota in the late 1800s.
	www.pipestonestar.com /Stories/Story.cfm?SID=14126 (292 words)

	UVa Fine Arts Library: Collections: Selected Guide to Microforms
		Title: Index der antiken Kunst und Architektur: Index of ancient art and architecture: monuments of Greek and Roman cultural heritage in the photographic collection of the German Archaeological Institute in Rome.
		Note: the photographic and bibliographic archive of Ancient Roman Architecture and Topography of the Fototeca Unione, part of the International Union of Institutes of Archaeology, History, and History of Art in Rome.
		Note: series of archaeological and architectural photographs taken in South Asia between the 1850s and the 1920s.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /fine-arts/collections/microforms.html (1681 words)

	Amazon.com: Chicago Architecture and Design 1923-1993: Reconfiguration of an American Metropolis (Chicago ...
		The last 70 years of Chicago's architectural history are covered in 17 scholarly essays, a small catalog of illustrations, and a biographical glossary of Chicago architects.
		This major volume on Chicago's urban history is the first to document the architectural evolution of the city in relation to the social and architectural environments before and after the Great Depression and World War II.
		The sequel to the widely acclaimed Chicago Architecture, 1872-1922: Birth of a Metropolis, published by Prestel in 1987, this volume appears in conjunction with an exhibition at The Art Institute of Chicago.
	www.amazon.com /Chicago-Architecture-Design-1923-1993-Reconfiguration/dp/3791323458 (962 words)

	Architecture
		The development of new kinds of architecture was advanced by the use of iron (wrought and cast iron) and later steel.
		Also important in the appearance of new architecture was the increased used of glazing in 19th century buildings; metal can hold larger panels of glass than wood could.
		Metal had, of course, been used in small quantities much earlier--as dowells to hold drums of columns together in Greek architecture, for example.
	www.bluffton.edu /~humanities/art/19c/arch/arch.html (973 words)

	A Daily Dose of Architecture: 25 June 1923 - 9 March 2006
		It occurred to me after I posted earlier today on the planned high-rise Aqua that perhaps my impetus for the post partially stemmed from the recent passing of Australian architect Harry Seidler, whose numerous apartment towers in his home country share more than a passing resemblance to the new Chicago project.
		In terms of Aqua, this technical stuff is speculation, but what I'm trying to say is that designs like it might become more prevalent as architects and contractors become more comfortable with the ability to build designs economically that weren't even thinkable in the past.
		And in many ways Seidler is a like-minded predecessor to Gang, as he pushed Australian architecture into new directions with his expressive and emotive designs, not settling for the standard orthogonal expression that's supposedly the most economical choice available.
	archidose.blogspot.com /2006/03/25-june-1923-9-march-2006.html (437 words)

	Peter Smithson, 1923-2003 - Archiseek Architecture Planning Discussion
		I guess RSJ, that one of the benefits of not having your name printed is that you can afford to be quite forthright in your opinion, which I in part agree with.
		No it's a relief really, for a second I guessed you were a career opportunist with a laser guided interest in architecture or the editor of an italian design magazine.
		Anyway, I'll sign off now for am sure you have no wish to enter into a dialogue with someone you may have to be rude about in the future.
	www.archiseek.com /content/showthread.php?t=1961 (820 words)

	Iranian Architecture Quarterly
		Again in conjunction with the main subject of this issue, this article surveys the relationships between power (politics) and architecture, especially the effect of such state architecture on the city sky-line.
		The article generally points out that the architectural works of the past in which the state utilized utmost facilities proved to be much more of a success whereas this is not the case in today's works.
		Geoffrey Broadbent offers a considered of architectural semiotic, in which he demystifies jargon-ridden and complex discourse and presents a succinct argument for architects once again intentionally designing meaning into their buildings.
	www.iranianarch.com /archive/issues/3+4.asp (703 words)

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