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Topic: 1931 general election

	United Kingdom general election, 2001 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The UK general election, 2001 was held on 7 June 2001 and was dubbed "the quiet landslide" by the media.
		The elections were also marked by apathy from the voting public, turnout being only 59%, the lowest since 1918.
		Throughout the election the Labour party had maintained a significant lead in the opinion polls and the result was deemed to be so certain that some bookmakers paid out for a Labour majority before the election day.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/United_Kingdom_general_election,_2001 (481 words)

	United Kingdom general election, 1931 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The UK general election on Tuesday 27 October 1931 was the last in the United Kingdom not held on a Thursday.
		It was the last election, and the only one under universal suffrage, where one party received a majority of votes cast.
		The election was held in the middle of the Great Depression.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election,_1931 (361 words)

	New Zealand general election, 1931 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1931 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 24th term.
		The date for the main 1931 elections was 2 December, a Wednesday.
		Elections to the four Maori seats were held the day before.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Zealand_general_election_1931 (350 words)

	Elections BC -- Important Dates in BC Election History
		Voters in the general election approve a referendum providing a mechanism to recall sitting Members and to bring citizen initiatives before the Legislature or to province-wide referendum.
		Elections Amendment Act (SBC 1992 c.72) lowers the voting age to 18 from 19 and eases restrictions on voting day registration.
		The next provincial general election is to be held on May 17, 2005.
	www.elections.bc.ca /general/history.html (1531 words)

	Wikinfo \| Jennie Lee
		She graduated from unviersity and worked as a teacher in Cowdenbeath before being adopted the ILP candidate for the North Lanark constituency, which she won at the 1929 general election, becoming the youngest member of the House of Commons.
		She was totally opposed to Ramsay Macdonald's decision to form a coalition national government, and in the 1931 general election she lost her seat in parliament.
		She later returned to the Labour Party from the ILP, and at the 1945 general election she was once again elected to the commons, this time to represent the Cannock constituency in Staffordshire.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Jennie_Lee (638 words)

	::British General Elections::
		The British general election is based on the first-past-the-post system and the simple criteria for victory is that the party that wins an overall majority of seats in the Commons forms the next government.
		The last general election not held on a Thursday was held on Tuesday, October 27th, 1931.The December 1918 election was held on a Saturday.
		After the 2001 election, the most common previous occupation for an MP was being a teacher.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /british_general_elections.htm (507 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Politics \| Labour's PMs of the past
		He was forgiven by the 1922 General Election and was re-elected to represent the Welsh mining constituency of Aberavon.
		The 1931 General Election was a disaster for the Labour Party with only 46 members winning their seats.
		The government lost a confidence motion in March, 1979 and a general election was held, with Labour heavily defeated by Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/uk_politics/3107623.stm (1438 words)

	Neville Chamberlain (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Embittered by his failure, Chamberlain decided to stand in the next general election, when he was successfully elected for the first time at the age of 49–by far the oldest age for any future Prime Minister entering Parliament to date.
		In 1922, the Conservatives won the general election, and Chamberlain was appointed Paymaster General.
		In the 1929 general election, Chamberlain changed his constituency from Ladywood to Edgbaston and held it easily, but the Conservative Party lost the election and entered a period of internal conflict.
	neville-chamberlain.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (7422 words)

	1931 Liberal/SDP/Libdem Party Manifesto - LibdemManifesto.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Common action by the countries of the world is urgently required to stabilise currency, to deal with the international debts and reparations, and to make a powerful effort to secure a lowering of the tariff barriers to trade which are without doubt one of the principal causes of the universal depression and unprecedented unemployment.
		Liberalism, which for generations has played a leading part in the effort to raise the standards of life of the people, and which still stands as the principal bulwark between the country and a disastrous conflict between classes, deeply deplores these events.
		The conditions of the present Election are one more proof of the imperative need of a reform in the electoral system if the real wishes of the voters are to be truly expressed at the polls.
	www.libdemmanifesto.com /1931/1931-liberal-manifesto.shtml (862 words)

	Governor A.W. Norblad Governor's Message, 1931
		I consider this long interval between the primary and the general election an extremely unfortunate condition since it is generally conceded that this long period is a “political season”.
		I understand the practice is general throughout the United States to place to the credit of the general fund the interest on daily balances of special funds and that in the state of California the only fund upon which interest is allowed for the benefit of the fund itself is the common school fund.
		Any general remodeling of the 1929 laws at the coming session, before they have had a fair trail, would probably accomplish little of material benefit and might easily subject the new legislation to the referendum, resulting in the deferment or defeat of the entire program.
	arcweb.sos.state.or.us /governors/norblad/message1931.html (15126 words)

	John Shepherd \| A Life on the Left : George Lansbury (1859—1940) : a Case Study in Recent Labour Biography \| ...
		After his by-election defeat, there followed an acrimonious debate conducted in the columns of the Labour Leader and the Daily Herald between the Labour leadership and the Lansbury camp over the respective merits of loyalty to party policy and the individual MP's freedom of conscience to follow a different course of action.
		The general election of December 1923 was indecisive — Conservatives 258, Labour 191, Liberals 158 — and left Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government without an absolute majority at Westminster and Labour as the main opposition party.
		The General Election of 1931 was the worst crisis in the history of the British Labour Party.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lab/87/shepherd.html (9878 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The British General Election of 1931: Books: Andrew Thorpe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The British general election of 1931 marked the culmination of a period of political and economic crisis, and has long been regarded as a watershed in 20th century British history.
		The author argues that, while 1931 changed much, the general trends towards Conservative hegemony and two-party politics were little disturbed by the crisis.
		His analysis is the first full-length study of the election to benefit from unrestricted access to contemporary documents, and should be of value to all students of 20th century British politics.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198202180 (316 words)

	Header (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Expenses of such election shall be paid by the state or town as in the case of general elections.
		Amendments to the constitution, having been proposed by the general assembly, published, and concurred in by the succeeding general assembly as required by section 72 of chapter 2 of the Constitution, shall be submitted to the people of the state for their ratification and adoption in the manner provided in this chapter.
		Voting booths shall be prepared and the ballot clerks and assisting clerks shall be appointed, as in case of general elections.
	vermont-elections.org /elections1/election_law.html (2675 words)

	[No title]
		The 1931 General Election was also the last time that a General Election did not take place on a Thursday.
		One assumes that if the next parliament lasts four years, and the one after that five years (or the other way round), then that election could be sometime in 2014, if estimation and prediction has anything to go by.
		He was to have a by-election in Nottingham East as a result, but Morley kept his seat as he was unopposed.
	www.angelfire.com /co4/asperger/facts.html (1430 words)

	Governor Julius L. Meier Governor's Message, 1931
		At the recent general election the people of the state enacted the People’s Water and Power District constitutional amendment, initiated by the Oregon State Grange.
		To subject such properties and developments, whether private or public, to the same general rate of taxation would mean that a part of the advantage that springs from hydro-electric development would accrue generally to the people of Oregon.
		The state budget should be prepared and the executive submit it to the general assembly, not as an estimate of the different state departments, but as their financial requirement reduced t the irreducible minimum.
	arcweb.sos.state.or.us /governors/meier/message1931.html (7868 words)

	1931 Labour Party Manifesto -
		It believes that the general acceptance of President Hoover's Moratorium on War Debts permits a reconsideration of the whole question.
		It seeks an immediate reopening of negotiations between the signatories of the Young Plan and the United States with a view to attaining the conditions in which Inter-Allied War Debts and Reparations may be cancelled.
		Given a majority, the Labour Party pledges itself to unsparing efforts to remove the spectres of want and insecurity from the homes of the people, that this and succeeding generations may be assured of a fuller and richer life.
	www.labour-party.org.uk /manifestos/1931/1931-labour-manifesto.shtml (2090 words)

	Labour Party (UK) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ensuing general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the notorious Zinoviev letter, which implicated Labour in a plot for a Communist revolution in Britain, and the Conservatives were returned to power.
		At the 1987 general election, the party was again defeated in a landslide, but had at least re-established itself as the clear challengers to the Conservatives and gained 20 seats reducing the Conservative majority to 102 from 143 in 1983 despite a sharp rise in turnout.
		By the time of the 1992 general election, the party had reformed to such an extent that it was perceived as a credible government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Labour_Party_(UK) (6706 words)

	SSHL: Latin American Election Statistics: Panama: Elections and events 1931-1980 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ICSPS 1968: Disputes over a three-way election lead to the wounding of two members of the national electoral board, martial law, annulment of the election by the assembly, revocation of the anulment by the supreme court, and appointment as president of the candidate supported by Remón (page 29).
		In the September 1980 elections, the PRD won 40.4 percent of the vote and 11 of the 19 seats; the PL--divided on whether it should run or not--won five seats; the Christian Democrats--now registered--won 20.7 percent and two seats, while one independent won the remaining seat.
		All material contained in Latin American Election Statistics: A Guide to Sources is protected by copyright, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of it is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your personal research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form.
	dodgson.ucsd.edu /las/panama/1931pan.html (6564 words)

	More on Fostoria
		The bill provided for the establishment of a municipal court in and for the city of Fostoria and included in its jurisdiction the townships of Loudon, Jackson, Washington and Perry.
		In the November, 1931 general election, Attorney Charles A. Strauch swamped his opponent, George Jenny, to become Fostoria's first municipal court judge.
		Guernsey, general manager of the Fostoria and Fremont electric railway, said that work of removing the trolley wire would start the following morning and the removal of the tracks would begin in the spring.
	www.fostoria.org /history/Century/century5.html (1100 words)

	UK Parliament - Elections FAQ page
		The decision to call a general election is made by the Prime Minister, who asks the Queen to dissolve parliament.
		In practice it is considered unconstitutional for the Sovereign or heir apparent to vote in an election.
		British citizens are entitled to vote at elections providing that they are aged 18 or over and are not subject to any legal incapacity to vote.
	www.parliament.uk /faq/elections_faq_page.cfm (813 words)

	United Kingdom general election, 1935 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The UK general election held on 14th November 1935 resulted in a large, though reduced, majority for the National Government now led by Conservative Stanley Baldwin.
		Labour, under what was then internally regarded as the caretaker leadership of Clement Attlee, made large gains over their very poor position in the 1931 general election, but the Liberals lost further ground.
		The major election issues were the continuing unemployment problems and the role of the League of Nations, particularly as regarded Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election,_1935 (234 words)

	In the Cause of Labour Chapter 15
		The general election of 1929 saw a sharp rise in the Labour vote to 8,362,394 and the election of 289 Labour Members of Parliament.
		As early as March 1934, the TUC General Council attempted to undermine the CP by issuing its infamous “Black Circular”, which ordered Trades Councils to ban delegates who were Communists and called on unions to modify their rules to exclude them from office.
		By the time of the 1935 general election, the Labour vote climbed to 8,326,000 (as against 6,648,000 in 1931 and 8,380,000 in 1929) and the party gained 154 seats.
	www.marxist.com /hbtu/chapter_15.html (6068 words)

	Women in History of Scots Descent - Jennie Lee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She taught at her school in Cowdenbeath but after an impressive speech at the 1927 National Conference of the Independent Labour Party, Jennie was invited to become the ILP candidate for North Lanark.
		Jennie Lee was elected to Parliament at a by-election in February 1929 when she turned a 2,028 Conservative majority into a Labour majority of 6,578.
		After the 1964 General Election Lee was appointed arts minister and was responsible for what Harold Wilson later called the greatest achievement of his Labour Government, the setting up of the Open University.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/women/wih29.htm (1343 words)

	John Strachey
		By 1931 Strachey resigned from the Labour Party.
		New Party, an organisation founded by Oswald Mosley, but in the 1931 General Election none of the New Party's candidates were elected.
		Strachey served in the RAF during the Second World War and after the 1945 General Election returned to the House of Commons as a Labour MP.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUstrachey.htm (624 words)

	1931 Conservative Party Manifesto - CONSERVATIVEMANIFESTO.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is barely two months since my decision to join the National Government was unanimously endorsed at a meeting of Members of Parliament and Candidates held at the Kingsway Hall in London.
		and I am confident that the foundation of such unity will be well and truly laid with such general assent of our people as would have seemed impossible but a few short years ago.
		For that support we appeal with confidence, and in the winning of that support I believe a great part will be played by those I am proud to lead.
	www.conservativemanifesto.com /1931/1931-conservative-manifesto.shtml (741 words)

	www.liberalhistory.org.uk - Time periods: 1929-1956
		The election of May 1929 took place against a backdrop of economic depression, as the Conservative government struggled to stem a growing tide of unemployment in the aftermath of the First World War....
		The 1935 General Election was a catastrophic defeat for the Liberals.
		The Liberal National group was officially formed on the 5th October 1931; two days before the commencement of the election campaign, which saw the Liberals, enter the polls as three distinct groups.
	www.liberalhistory.org.uk /sub_approach.php?sub_approach_id=14&PHPSESSID=32f74420ec33970036c763bfe5f75906 (1261 words)

	Introduction to The Spanish Revolution 1931-37
		It summed up the lessons of the Spanish revolution and served as a contribution to the rearming of the new generation of workers and youth in the Spanish young socialists, the UGT and the PSOE.
		As a result, the general elections called in 1977 saw the victory of the 'Centre' Parties.
		For the new generation of worker activists, it is necessary nevertheless to learn the lessons of history, especially the lessons of 1931-37, and prepare ourselves for the future.
	www.marxist.com /introduction-spanish-revolution-1931-1937.htm (3451 words)

	CPGB: History of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the 1922 General Election, the Communist Party candidate in North Battersea, Shapurji Saklatvala, won the seat, losing it and then winning it again in 1924.
		The Communist Party was the decisive force in the General Strike of 1926, when it held the leadership positions in the most militant unions and had more than 10,000 members.
		However, the defeat of the General Strike, for which the Communist Party carried a major responsibility, and the subsequent reaction, reduced the Party’s vote to 75,000 in the 1931 General Election and membership of the party fell to 6,000.
	www.marxists.org /history/international/comintern/sections/britain/history.htm (427 words)

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