1946 Cabinet Mission to India

1946 Cabinet Mission to India - Factbites
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Topic: 1946 Cabinet Mission to India

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	Pakistan History
		The British Government, after its last attempt to save the Cabinet Mission Plan in December 1946, also moved towards a scheme for the partition of India.
		Cabinet Plan In early 1946, the British Government sent a Cabinet Mission to the subcontinent to resolve the constitutional deadlock.
		Cripps Mission The British Government recognized the genuineness of the Pakistan demand indirectly in the proposals for the transfer of power after the Second World War which Sir Stafford Cripps brought to India in 1942.
	www.pak.gov.pk /public/govt/history.html (4117 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism: Famous Sikhs:Baldev Singh
		When a British Cabinet Mission visited India in 1946 to negotiate with Indian leaders about the future constitution of the country, Baldev Singh was chosen a member of the delegation to present to it the Sikh viewpoint.
		He along with Master Tara Singh, Sardar Jogendra Singh and Sardar Ujjal Singh was chosen to represent the Sikh community,before the Cripps Mission which came out to India in the spring of 1942 on behalf of the British War, Cabinet with proposals for the country's political future.
		On 16 May 1946, the Cabinet Mission put forward a plan which, retaining the semblance of a central structure, conceded substantially the Muslim claim for autonomy, without any special safeguards for Sikhs.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /person/baldevsingh.htm (940 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: The Making of Pakistan, the military perspective
		The British government, however, remained firm on keeping India united and, in March 1946, a British Cabinet Mission came to India which rejected the case of a 'sovereign' Pakistan.
		The Cabinet Mission failed, but the Government of India showed a definite tilt towards the Congress.
		The Cripps Mission was sent to India precisely for this purpose.
	www.indiaabroad.com /freedom/13pak1.htm (1437 words)

	Cripps and India's Partition
		Under the Cabinet Mission's Scheme of 1946, the League agreed to abandon the right to secede if only groups of sub-federations of the Pakistan provinces (NWFP, Baluchistan, Punjab and Sind in the west and Assam and Bengal in the east) were allowed within the all-India federation.
		In 1946, Cripps strove desperately to remove the sourness that had crept into his relationship with Nehru on the collapse of his Mission.
		The choices before the Cabinet Mission, the Congress and the League were obvious and limited - a loose federation or Partition (and with it of Punjab and Bengal).
	www.flonnet.com /fl1915/19150860.htm (3427 words)

	indiatml4
		J. L Nehru is named Prime Minister of the Interim Government, formed through the Cabinet Mission’s plan to prepare India for independence.
		Cripps Mission: Waves of anti-British agitation in India, however, prompted the British to institute the "Cripps Mission," instituting an interim government during the war and promising full independence for India after World War II.
		India became a charter member of the United Nations, Nehru was released from prison, and the British government issued a white paper on the Indian question, with proposals resembling the Cripps mission of 1942.
	web.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum210/tml/IndiaTML/indiatml4.htm (2973 words)

	The Competition Master - Infobank - Indian History
		[A] Cabinet Mission: On February 14, 1946, a Cabinet Mission was proposed to be sent to India by Britain's new Labour Party Prime Minister, Mr Atlee.
		The Mission consisted of Lord Pathick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and Mr A.V. Alexander which soon came to India and met the Indian leaders to negotiate handing over power.
		Cripps Mission: visited India on March 22, 1942 during the reign of Lord Linlithgo.
	www.competitionmaster.com /pages/infobank/infohist/c.html (1141 words)

	IndiaDaily - Gandhi wanted Jinnah to be India's PM
		Arguably, he did not believe in it as ardently as he claimed, for, otherwise, he would not have accepted the Cabinet Mission's plan for a federal India in which the Muslim-majority states of what is today Pakistan and Bangladesh would have been a part of the Union of India.
		Jinnah used this disclaimer to withdraw his acceptance of the Cabinet Mission plan and call for "direct action".
		In arguing his case against the Congress's claim to represent all the communities in India, Jinnah floated his two-nation theory, which portrayed Hindus and Muslims as belonging to two separate "nations".
	www.indiadaily.com /breaking_news/38130.asp (849 words)

	The Kashmir Story - Chapter 3 - The Accession
		The British Government's announcements of 3 June, 1947 said: "His Majesty's Government wish to make it clear that the decisions announced (about partition) relate only to British India and that their policy towards Indian States contained in the Cabinet Mission Memorandum of 12 May, 1946, remains unchanged."
		The Cabinet Mission's Memorandum said: "His Majesty's Government will cease to exercise power of paramountcy.
		The partition of India was confined to British India alone and in drawing the lines of the frontier, the question of Muslim majority provinces on North West and Eastern India was taken into consideration only with regard to British India.
	www.hindubooks.org /Kashmir/ch3.htm (1521 words)

	THE GREAT LEADER......
		Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Secretary of State for India on February 19, 1946, announced in Parliament that a special mission consisting of three Cabinet ministers, in association with the Viceroy, would proceed to India, in order to hold discussions with the Indian leaders.
		Fourthly, the Mission was biased heavily in favor of the Congress.
		Thirdly, The Congress had several powerful spokesmen, while for the League Jinnah had to carry the entire burden of advocacy single-handedly.
	www.pakistan.gov.pk /Quaid/leader12.htm (447 words)

	SikhSpectrum.com Monthly Debate - Constituent Assembly of India, October 14, 1949
		The Sikhs were recognised as one of the three main communities in the Cabinet Mission Plan of which this Constituent Assembly is the creature.
		The Congress Working Committee in their meeting of 10th August 1946 appealed to the Sikhs to reconsider their decision and participate in the Constituent Assembly.
		The Constituent Assembly of India met in the Constitution Hall, New Delhi at 10 o'clock, Mr.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /082003/debate_1949.htm (2035 words)

	Some Facts of Constituent Assembly
		As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, according to the scheme recommended by the Cabinet Mission.
		The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India.
		The arrangement was: (i) 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies; (ii) 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and (iii) 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
	parliamentofindia.nic.in /ls/debates/facts.htm (952 words)

	rediff.com: Quit India Diamond Jubilee Special: Historian Mridula Mukherjee on how the Quit India movement unfolded across India
		As soon as the war ended, the Simla Conference was called, and it was followed by the announcement of the Cabinet Mission in February 1946.
		As late as March 1942, it was willing to negotiate with the Cripps Mission, sent by the British cabinet, to work out a settlement for Congress co-operation in the war effort in exchange for promises of constitutional advance after the end of the war.
		However, the failure of the Cripps Mission convinced the Congress of Britain's lack of sincerity.
	in.rediff.com /news/2002/aug/09spec.htm (1272 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism: Famous Sikhs:Maharaja Yadavinder Singh
		He was also a member of the negotiations committee of the princes which, under the Cabinet Mission Plan, was to negotiate with the representatives of British India the terms on which the states would accede to the Indian Union.
		When after the failure of the Cripps Mission in 1942, the British Government sent to India the Cabinet Mission under the leadership of Lord Petllick-Lawrence, the Maharaja of Patiala led a princes' delegation to the Mission.
		Viceroy Lord Wavell, too described Yadavinder Singh as "one of the best of the princes, really interested in managing his state on progressive lines," caused him to be appointed an aide-de-camp to the British King and supported his election as pro-chancellor of the Chamber of Princes in March 1946.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /person/yadavindrasingh.htm (1272 words)

	history of indian freedom movement
		CABINET MISSION / Correspondence with the Congress Party and the Muslim League 20th May-29th June 1946 / 1946.2 / London
		MISHRA B.K. / Cripps mission / 1982 / New Delhi
		BHATTACHARJEA Ajit / Countdown to partition: the final days / 1997 / New Delhi
	www.gandhiserve.org /sale/library_books_english/history__of__freedom_movement/history__of__freedom_movement.html (5985 words)

	The Transfer of Power in India - Questia Online Library
		- Appendix IV: Statement Of The Cabinet Mission and the VIceroy, 16 May 1946
		- Appendix VIII: Cabinet Mission Press Conference Of 17 May 1946
		- Appendix VII: Statement by Sir Stafford Cripps At A Press Conference
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=14523607 (249 words)

	HISTORY
		In 1946 when the Cabinet Mission proposed to merge Assam and the entire North East into `C' group with east Bengal, the Congress party under Bordoloi fought tooth and nail the Mission's proposal, succeeding in establishing Assam's separate identity and inclusion in India.
		Prior to independence weathering several ups and downs the Congress party finally secured a major victory in the general elections held in 1946 and Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi became the first Premier of the Assam Province.
		After independence the Congress party continued to hold power under the leadership of Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi.
	www.assampcc.com /history.asp (249 words)

	The Kashmir Story - Chapter 3 - The Accession
		The British Government's announcements of 3 June, 1947 said: "His Majesty's Government wish to make it clear that the decisions announced (about partition) relate only to British India and that their policy towards Indian States contained in the Cabinet Mission Memorandum of 12 May, 1946, remains unchanged."
		When the Maharaja of Kashmir executed the Instrument of Accession to India and Lord Mountbatten, the then Governor General of India, accepted the Instrument, the whole of Jammu and Kashmir became an integral part of India, legally and constitutionally.
		The legal adviser to the UN Commission came to the conclusion that the State's accession was legal and could not be questioned.
	www.hindubooks.org /Kashmir/ch3.htm (1521 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		Nehru rejected the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 on the grounds that India's future would be decided by Indians and not by the British, though some portrayed this as Nehru's intransigence on an issue that could have averted partition.
		Nehru's Himalayan blunder in managing India's relationship with China and the subsequent military defeat of 1962 were grave mistakes, of course, and some of it may have arisen from his personal weakness of being blind to the faults of those he considered friends.
		Nehru and Sardar Patel agreed to the partition plan in March 1947 after noting that the league would never work in a united government of India and that Jinnah could set the whole country ablaze in hatred.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FA10Df02.html (2320 words)

	Mahatma Gandhi Picture Collection
		Mahatma Gandhi with his friend Secretary of State for India, Lord Pethick-Lawrence, leader of the Cabinet Mission in Delhi, April 18, 1946.
		Mahatma Gandhi talking with Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru on the first day of the All-India Congress Committee meeting, July 6, 1946.
		Mahatma Gandhi in London with Sarojini Naidu at his side, Mahadev Desai behind her, and Mirabehn(Admiral Slade's daughter) to the right.
	proudindian123.tripod.com /great/photos.html (283 words)

	AsiaSource: Asia Biography - a resource of the Asia Society
		In the long, drawn-out controversy centering on certain provisions of the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946), Jinnah proved himself a strategist of a rare caliber and outmaneuvered the Congress, causing an insoluble deadlock that led directly to the plan of 3 June 1947, under which India was partitioned.
		In 1924 Jinnah reorganized the Muslim League, of which he had been president since 1919, and devoted the next seven years attempting to bring about unity among the disparate ranks of Muslims and to develop a rational formula to effect a Hindu-Muslim settlement, which he considered the pre-condition for Indian freedom.
		He was thus able to exploit both Muslim passion for freedom and heightened disenchantment with the Congress in order to gain support for the league's platform, put pressure on the otherwise reluctant provincial leadership to fall in line, and consolidate his claim as the sole spokesman of Indian Muslims.
	www.asiasource.org /society/mohammadalijinnah.cfm (993 words)

	Sir (Richard) Stafford Cripps
		Sir (Richard) Stafford Cripps, PC, KC leader of the House of Commons and Lord Privy Seal 1942; undertook unsuccessful mission to India 1942; President of the Board of Trade from July 1945- Sept. 1947; member of the cabinet mission to India 1946; Minister for Economic Affairs Sept.-Nov.1947;Chancellor of the Exchequer Nov. 1947-50.
	www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk /mbindex/index373.shtml (993 words)

	Sir (Richard) Stafford Cripps
		Sir (Richard) Stafford Cripps, PC, KC leader of the House of Commons and Lord Privy Seal 1942; undertook unsuccessful mission to India 1942; President of the Board of Trade from July 1945- Sept. 1947; member of the cabinet mission to India 1946; Minister for Economic Affairs Sept.-Nov.1947;Chancellor of the Exchequer Nov. 1947-50.
	www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk /mbindex/index373.shtml (53 words)

	Outline # 5: Toward Independence and Partition
		1946 Cabinet Mission proposes a plan for a united India, with a weak center and relatively autonomous provincial units, grouped into one set of Hindu majority provinces and two Muslim majority ones.
		League combined rejection of Cabinet Mission plan with calls for "Direct Action" to secure Pakistan.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~sj6/gandhindiaoutline5.htm (396 words)

	rediff.com: Quit India Diamond Jubilee Special: Historian Mridula Mukherjee on how the Quit India movement unfolded across India
		As soon as the war ended, the Simla Conference was called, and it was followed by the announcement of the Cabinet Mission in February 1946.
		People in their hundreds of thousands rushed to Gowalia Tank (now August Kranti Maidan) where, a day earlier, Gandhiji had made his famous 'Do or Die' speech in an open session of the All India Congress Committee, and where a big public meeting was scheduled.
		The last big battle for India's freedom from colonial rule had begun.
	inhome.rediff.com /news/2002/aug/09spec.htm (396 words)

	Islamic Voice
		It was Nehru who torpedoed the Cabinet Mission Plan in his historic press conference of July 19, 1946 in Mumbai.
		He saw that the Muslims were going off at tangent in their emotions, not knowing what would happen to the minorities in three-fourth of India, when one-fourth of India became Pakistan.
		Jinnah who had accepted the grouping plan which would have maintained integrity of India detected insincerity and resisstance to the plan by the Congress.
	www.islamicvoice.com /october.99/renown.htm (1743 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		Nehru rejected the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 on the grounds that India's future would be decided by Indians and not by the British, though some portrayed this as Nehru's intransigence on an issue that could have averted partition.
		Nehru's Himalayan blunder in managing India's relationship with China and the subsequent military defeat of 1962 were grave mistakes, of course, and some of it may have arisen from his personal weakness of being blind to the faults of those he considered friends.
		As general secretary of the Congress in 1928, Nehru received several blows from police batons while protesting the Simon Commission, enhancing his national popularity.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FA10Df02.html (2320 words)

	Mahatma Gandhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gandhi advised the Congress to reject the proposals of the British Cabinet Mission Plan offered in 1946, as he was deeply suspicious of power-sharing with the Muslim League and the divisions and minimization of central power involved.
		When Gandhi's contract was up, he prepared to return to India.
		Gandhi never allowed the British government and other political groups to divide Hindu society along caste lines by granting them different political status; his fast at Yeravda Jail compelled B.R. Ambedkar, political leader of the untouchables, to agree to reject separate electorates, demonstrating the formidable support he commanded from the harijans of India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi (11382 words)

	THE CABINET MISSION AND THE MUSLIM LEAGUE DIRECT ACTION
		The Direct Action of the Muslim League for which elaborate preparations had by now been made, was ready to be launched on an India-wide scale.
		“A vivid picture of the panic caused by hooligans in the Calcutta riots was given by a member of the staff of the Associated Press of India, who escaped savage butchery or maiming and reestablished contract with the office to-day.
		Raja Ghanzafar Ali Khan, lately also member of the Pakistan Government, speaking to a huge Muslim gathering at Lahore on the 31st August, 1946 outlined the Muslim League Direct Action as the economic political and social boycott of the Congress and ‘the following of a scorched earth policy.’
	voi.org /books/mla/ch2.htm (7644 words)

	Partition of India and Bengal and Some Myths
		After three days' discussion, the Council passed a resolution rejecting the Cabinet Mission Plan.
		Therefore, even if we accept the argument that 1946 election had Pakistan as a question it is quite evident that the nature of this Pakistan (one State, Two States, relation with Rest of the Indian states) was not clearly spelt at that time and thus could not have been a choice before the electorate.
		After the election victory in 1946, Muslim League organised a convention in Delhi.
	www.finance.commerce.ubc.ca /~bhatta/partition.html (3709 words)

	HIS 251: Study Guide # 4, Indian Nationalism
		1946 Cabinet Mission proposed a plan for a united India, with a weak center and relatively autonomous provincial units, not successful.
		Talks breakdown as League insist that only they have right to nominate Muslim members to the council.
		League combined rejection of plan with calls for "Direct Action" to secure Pakistan.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~sj6/MASHND04.htm (288 words)

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Topic: 1946 Cabinet Mission to India

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