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Topic: Revolution of 1952

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	The National Revolution of 1952 in Bolivia
		On April 6, 1952 Seleme was dismissed from the junta and lost his legal control over the 2000 man La Paz police force.
		On April 9th supporters of the revolution announced on the state-controlled radio station that the revolution was successful.
		It is notable that the revolution was led by Juan Lechín, the leader of the federation of tin miners' unions, and Hernán Siles, the vice presidental candidate of the MNR in the 1951.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/bolivia52.htm (725 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Egypt
		The Egyptian economy was dominated by private capital until the revolution of 1952, which replaced the monarchy with a republic.
		Before the revolution of 1952, Egypt’s foreign trade consisted mainly of exports of raw materials, particularly long-staple cotton, and imports of manufactured goods.
		After the revolution, the regime pursued a policy of discouraging imports by using high tariff barriers to protect its growing industries.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761557408___23/Egypt.html (1594 words)

	Harvest of the Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In line with the first of the Revolution's six principles ie; eradication of colonialism, Nasser fought the battles of military pacts and hegemony and revived the call for Arab nationalism.
		August 1952, civilian titles, as vestiges of the corrupt royal regime were abolished and government machinery purged.
		September 1952, the first Agrarian Reform Law was issued, followed by further laws limiting individual and family landholding and widening land ownership base.
	www.sis.gov.eg /century/html/centry04.htm (1131 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| 1952 - 2002 \| All the revolution's men
		Amer was a major at the time of the Revolution and was promoted to the rank of field-marshal in 1958 and also appointed vice-president and war minister of the United Arab Republic, the new entity established the same year as a result of the union between Egypt and Syria.
		His role on the fateful night of 22-23 July 1952 was an organisational one, and he was not in charge of any of the military units participating in the coup.
		After the revolution he occupied various ministerial and senior governmental positions including heading the war and marine ministry in 1954, the labour and social affairs ministries till 1958 and the planning ministry during Egypt's union with Syria.
	www.mafhoum.com /press3/nas105-7.htm (2514 words)

	History of Bolivia, The Bolivian National Revolution, 1952-64
		But during the first year of Paz Estenssoro's presidency, the radical faction in the party, which had gained strength during the sexenio when the party embraced the workers and their ideology, forced the MNR leaders to act quickly.
		In 1952 the MNR was a broad coalition of groups with different interests.
		Guevara Arze charged that the MNR had betrayed the revolution, and he posed a formidable opposition in the presidential election of 1960.
	motherearthtravel.com /history/bolivia/history-9.htm (1711 words)

	February Revolution of 1917
		On Russian ethnic territory the revolution was primarily a social one; on non-Russian territories it was mainly a national revolution.
		In general the February Revolution was carried out in a more peaceful and organized way in Ukraine than in Russia.
		Many massive rallies, demonstrations (photo: demonstration in Vinnytsia, 1917), congresses, and so on were staged without bloodshed.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/F/E/FebruaryRevolutionof1917.htm (467 words)

	Egyptian Revolution 1952, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon
		The next day, January 26, 1952 ("Black Saturday"), what many Egyptians call "the second revolution" broke out (the first was in the spring of 1919).
		On July 23, 1952, a military coup occurred in Egypt, carried out by a group calling itself "The Free Officers" and led by General Muhammad Neguib.
		Following the revolution, Nasser diverted some of the $12 million of CIA controlled funds provided by Kermit Roosevelt to promote anti-Communist interests in Egypt in order to construct the Cairo Tower.
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/egyptian_revolution.htm (1419 words)

	The 1952 Revolution: How the 4th International and the POR betrayed
		In the crucial moments of the revolution, the POR showed that its strategy was limited to correcting the bourgeois government and not to overthrow it with a workers uprising.
		The only manner of resolving the outstanding bourgeois democratic tasks is through a Socialist revolution which, in passing, completes the unfinished democratic tasks within a framework of the expropriation of the bourgeoisie, of a socialised and planned economy established by popular and workers councils, and by the internationalisation of the revolution.
		It was born calling for an anti-imperialist and agrarian revolution in order to establish a multi-class and capitalist government which could be achieved by a military coup or the metamorphosis of a bourgeois government.
	www.geocities.com /communistworker/bolivia.html (9548 words)

	Omayma Abdel-Latif - Announcing the Revolution of 23 July 1952 in Egypt
		The situation remained unclear for at least the revolution's first day, the Officers in their attempts at consolidating their newly won power returning to the Radio building throughout the day to repeat their statement.
		The recording of the statement of the revolution in the archive of Egyptian Broadcasting is by Anwar El-Sadat, made in January 1953 when Radio Cairo was celebrating the first six months of the revolution.
		The Radio's new role was being shaped during the early days of the revolution, and introducing the young Free Officers who had just assumed control of the country to the public and propagating their ideas was the number one task of the time.
	www.bintjbeil.com /articles/en/020719_abdellatif.html (1677 words)

	Bolivian Revolution
		The Revolution of 1952 in Bolivia may have been the biggest movement for the Bolivians in the twentieth century.
		have much on the revolution of 1952, the reader has a good idea of where the country has been for the last 500 years.
		Prelude to Revolution : While there is not a lot of flash, there is some important information on the build up of trouble in the years before the revolution.
	www2.truman.edu /~marc/webpages/revsfall98/bolivia/BolRev.html (500 words)

	Egypt - The Revolution and the Early Years of the New Government: 1952-56
		The years between 1952 and 1954 witnessed a struggle for control of the government that Nasser ultimately won.
		Between 1952 and 1954, there was a struggle between Naguib and Nasser and his colleagues on the RCC for control of the government and over the future form of the government.
		As early as September 1952, the British government announced that there was no strategic alternative to the maintenance of the British base in the canal area.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/32.htm (3737 words)

	Bolivian Revolution (1952)
		From the end of the Chaco War until the 1952 revolution, the emergence of contending ideologies and the demands of new groups dominated the Bolivian political landscape.
		By the beginning of 1952, the MNR again tried to gain power by force, plotting with General Antonio Seleme, the junta member in control of internal administration and the National Police (Policía Nacional).
		Although the MNR, a broad coalition, had successfully waged and won the 1952 revolution, it was plagued by strife and infighting between its factions.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/bolivia.htm (457 words)

	Al Jadid Magazine - Film
		The revolution of 1952 was a national turning point.
		Safynaz recounts, in an animated voice how as a girl in 1952, giddy with joy, she was looking out from her balcony as the triumphal procession of the Free Officers passed down Abassiyya Street (historical footage is spliced in) and believed Nasser looked directly at her.
		The revolution of 1952 did not produce the expected results.
	www.aljadid.com /film/0424badran.html (1491 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| 1952 - 2002 \| 'Our Revolution'
		Already the example of the Soviet Union -- as revolution, state and system of thought -- had exercised an influence on young writers, or, as they are called, intellectuals.
		This was perhaps the first crack in the great, glorious structure of the Revolution, the first fact that lent cynical eyes to the virgin face of our romanticism.
		It would be a form of ignorance, though, terrible ignorance, to ignore the growth of light and heavy industry through which the Revolution dreamed of turning Egypt from an agricultural to an industrial economy.
	www.mafhoum.com /press3/nas105-15.htm (2445 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Nationalism, Revolution, and Fantasy in Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		IN THE checkered history of the Egyptian nationalist revolution inaugurated by the army coup of July 23, 1952, the autumn of 1955 stands out as a time when the regime clarified some of...
		...Since this was written, the "national revolution" has made a modest beginning with land reform, and a somewhat less modest attempt to convince the world that the problem has been substantially solved...
		...This nonsense is paralleled by some characteristic eyewash on the socio-political side: On September 9th, 1952, a law was promul- gated limiting landownership to 200 feddan, with a view to abolishing feudalism and re- distributing the land justly...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V21I1P39-1.htm (4521 words)

	The Egyptian State Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		President Hosni Mubarak, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, on Monday attended the army celebrations marking the 50th anniversary of the July 1952 Revolution and a graduation ceremony of a new batch of cadets from the Military Academy.
		They are forgetting that the Revolution had faced difficult international and domestic conditions and that it was launched under regional and international challenges and changes that had to be taken into consideration," he said.
		Mubarak commended late president Gamal Abdel Nasser who triggered the 1952 Revolution and who dedicated his entire life to serve his people and continued to stick to the Revolution's constants and fundamentals.
	www.sis.gov.eg /online/html7/o220722l.htm (597 words)

	bolivia
		Siles Zuazo was one of the survivors of the revolution of 1952 which ended the domination of the wealthy tin barons over the impoverished Andean country and later had to struggle against the military, often acting in the service of the cocaine barons, before stable democracy was established in the last decade.
		Siles Zuazo was one of a generation of mainly middle class, left-wing activists that emerged after the bloody Chaco War of 1932-35 in which their country lost much of its southern territory to Paraguay.
		I was fortunate to witness a brief chapter of this turbulent history in 1978 when elections were held that were meant to usher in a new era of civilian rule after 14 years of military rule.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Harvey_Morris/bolivia.htm (1063 words)

	Medals of the Arab Republic of Egypt (IEPE)
		On 22/23 July 1952, the absoluitist monarchy was overthrown and a brief token constitutional monarchy ensued under the young Ahmed Fuad II.
		With the redesign and restructuring which came with the 1952 revolution, the award came to be awarded to any officer for exceptional service with courage and a spirit of self-sacrifice.
		In 1953, with the revolution, the design of the medal was altered, with the earlier reverse being worn as the obverse of the medal.
	faculty.winthrop.edu /haynese/medals/egypt.html (13719 words)

	D. W. (Bill) Bray, 1925-2002
		Ag in 1952, Bill joined the Dominion Experimental Farm Service in Fort Vermilion, Alberta, in the north Peace River area.
		While on leave in 1976 he was offered the position of Agriculture Specialist on the Saskatchewan Science Policy Secretariat, which he accepted because of the uncertainty of life in Lebanon with the civil war going on.
		In 1978 he was approached by Norman Borlaug, of the Green Revolution movement, to return to the Middle East.
	www.textuality.com /BillBray (632 words)

	The Bolivian Revolution: End of Round One
		Mesa’s first measures have been to confirm befote the police and the army the chiefs responsable for the massacres, and to separate political parties from the cabinet, so that the members of the deposed coalition can recompose their forces in the shadows.
		However, the contradictions now facing the new government –the insurgent mood of the masses, the crisis of capitalism, both in Bolivia as well as on a world-wide plane—do not allow the victory obtained by the democratic counterrevolution to be enough to close the revolutionary process that has opened.
		Upon the consciousness of the vanguard of the counterrevolutionary nature of the democracy and the democratizers, especially that of the center-leftists and the trade union bureaucracy, and consequently, the structuring of a revolutionary party.
	www.po.org.ar /english/822edito.htm (1634 words)

	The Bolivian Revolution: End of Round One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Constituent [Assembly] is not presented in opposition to the political regime but rather in opposition to the revolution, having a distracting character.
		Mesa’s first measures have been to confirm before the police and the army the chiefs responsible for the massacres, and to separate political parties from the cabinet, so that the members of the deposed coalition can recompose their forces in the shadows.
		Upon the consciousness of the vanguard of the counterrevolutionary nature of the democracy and the democratizers, especially that of the center-leftists and the trade union bureaucracy, and consequently, the structuring [building] of a revolutionary party.
	www.workersaction.org /bolivia_round1.html (1632 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| Nothing new
		Abul-Uyun was an arch-conservative intellectual whose influence was felt during the three decades preceding the Egyptian revolution of 1952.
		As one desperate for the proper life, thirsting for the wholesome font of the pure waters of freedom, she had emerged from the confines of the home, head held high, chest thrust forward, strong in stride, heart pounding, hands raised aloft to defy the world to respect her will.
		This "rash and impetuous" revolution was "a revolution against established morals and ethics, waged under the impulse of the rush to freedom which they have entirely misunderstood...
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/669/chrncls.htm (3256 words)

	The Egyptian State Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Under the Egyptian Revolution, the nation's will was freed, the colonial regime dismissed, principle of equality among the Egyptians realized and science and education became available to all citizens in an atmosphere free from any class, religious or affiliation differences.
		The outbreak of the Egyptian revolution in 1952 put a decisive end to decades of sufferings and humiliation.
		Upholding the ambitions of the Egyptian revolution, he has been doing his utmost to establish just peace in the Middle East, help Palestinians restore their land and support the Iraqi people to form their national government.
	www.sis.gov.eg /online/Note/html1/n230723.htm (415 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Special: 1952 - 2002 \| Nasser and the Brotherhood
		In the years prior to the Revolution, Egypt was characterised by great weakness and division.
		Following the Revolution's successful outcome, the Free Officers attempted to dismantle both organisations, seeing them as threats to the new regime, and they used internal divisions within the Brotherhood in order to do so.
		January 1955 is often considered to be the turning point in the relationship between the Officers and the Brotherhood, the group being declared illegal nearly a year after the new regime had outlawed all other political parties.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/592/special.htm (2067 words)

	José Villa: Bolivia 1952 (Part 21) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the split the Bolivian revolution was not discussed.
		However in none of those volumes is the 1952 revolution mentioned.
		The present crisis of Bolivian Trotskyism, the present crisis of the whole of the 4th International, the strengthening of Stalinism in Bolivia and of all the petty bourgeois nationalist movements in Latin America, derives from that criminal policy of class collaboration which Pablo obliged the whole of the International to carry out in Bolivia.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/supplem/bolivia/villa21.htm (1530 words)

	Bolivia Menu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Revolutionary History Vol 4 No 3 was devoted to the questions of the Bolivian revolution of 1952, and the role of the Trotskyists in it.
		Here we are publishing additional material which we did not have the space for, but which we consider offers useful information and incisive polemic, which will allow our readers to deepen their understanding of these important events.
		Bolivia 1952 continues to be the subject of controversy, and Revolutionary History follows its regular policy of making available source material, not of seeking to impose its own viewpoint.
	www.marxistsfr.cjb.net /history/etol/revhist/supplem/bolivmen.htm (214 words)

	ZNet \| Activism \| Popular Insurrection And National Revolution:
		They helped bury the memory of the traditions upon which the revolution was ultimately built.
		If, at the macro-level of the state and public policy, the new revolution recognizes the demands for popular sovereignty and self-government, and the forms of trade union and Indian community organization from which those demands arise, it will be a world-historical first that with repercussions throughout Latin America, Africa, India and Southeast Asia.
		In spite of the colonialist terror that has descended on the new millennium in the Middle East and Central Asia, the poorest, most indigenous and most geographically isolated country of the South American continent may well provide a beacon of light to the rest of the world.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=4429§ionID=1 (1321 words)

	pyramid wisdom -- What is the July 23 Revolution?
		Friday July 23, 2004 is the 52nd anniversary of the July 23, 1952 Egyptian Revolution.
		The revolution signified the first time an Egyptian had ruled Egypt since the days of the pharaohs.
		July 23 is a national holiday for both the public and private sectors, and today's golden jubilee features plenty of festivities at the Opera House and in most of the country's public spaces.
	www.cairolive.com /newcairolive/wisdom/revolution.html (149 words)

	Autumn Quail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is the story of one man and the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
		Isa al-Dabbagh is a senior civil servant in the Egyptian government who loses his job, and his fiance, when the Purge Committees of the Revolution bring his venal past to light.
		Naguib Mahfouz was born in 1911 in the crowded Cairo district of Gamaliyya, an area on which he has drawn heavily for the setting of many of his novels.
	www.aucpress.com /cgi-aucpress/auc99/pager.cgi?catno=107_X (220 words)

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