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	1956 Hungarian Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One policy on which Hungarians were divided was the status of known ÁVH informants; the workers' councils and student councils sent armed bands out to arrest ÁVH operatives in preparation for criminal trials; whereas the ultra-nationalist right-wing groups like József Dudás' executed members of the ÁVH.
		Armed resistance by insurgents, and the collapse of the Hungarian Communist party, caused a ceasefire between Soviet troops and insurgents by 1 November 1956.
		On 23 October 1956 the students of Budapest University of Technology and Economics marched in the streets of Budapest, later attracting a number of workers and other Hungarians; their numbers peaked at about 100,000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1956_Hungarian_Revolution (1974 words)

	The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
		The International background of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and that of the Prague Spring in 1968
		Lecture at Rutgers University by the organization of the Hungarian Alumni Association, 23 October 1998
	www.rev.hu /archivum/tanulforr.html (71 words)

	1956 - Hungarian Uprising - As Indicated
		The power of ministerial discretion at this time is demonstrated by the Liberal government's decision between 1956 and 1957 to admit over 37 000 Hungarian refugees, who were fleeing from a violent revolution in their homeland.
		The most well known group among the Hungarian refugees was the professors and students of the Forest Engineering University from the city of Sopron, Hungary.
		In 1970, the Hungarian organizations of British Columbia persuaded the cities and municipalities of Vancouver, North Vancouver and West Vancouver to declare October 23, the anniversary of the 1956 Revolution, as Hungarian Day.
	www.pinetreeline.org /metz/otherm2/otherm2-16e.html (678 words)

	Introduction: Hungarian Uprising 1956
		The Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR early in 1956 encouraged a movement within the Hungarian Workers' (Communist) Party which aimed at a measure of democratization and national independence and a relaxation of police rule.
		In the summer of 1956, the foundation of the Petöfi Club provided a new forum for discussions, which were often critical of the regime.
		Hungarian forces were rushed to the scene to reinforce the AVH but, after hesitating a moment, they sided with the crowd.
	www.hungarianphilately.org /introduction/Intro_Uprising.htm (1903 words)

	The Hungarian Uprising
		The uprising was brutally crushed by the intervention of Soviet tanks on November 4.
		As a spontaneous uprising, the revolution never considered the question the capacity of the Stalinism to utilise its armed force, and it lacked international support capable of repelling the Stalinist invasion.
		Despite the blow that the Hungarian Revolution had dealt to the credibility of Stalinism, the repression of the political revolution also took its toll on the workers of Europe.
	www.johndclare.net /cold_war14_hungary_1956.htm (1293 words)

	Real History and the Hungarian Uprising 1956
		Hungarian politician who survived imprisonment and persecution by the old regime, and was a force for change over more than three decades
		In addition to being the government spokesman in 1956, he had also been for some years a trusted associate of Prime Minister Nagy - one of the younger generation of reform-minded communist intellectuals who were urging their avuncular leader to adopt increasingly liberal policies.
		But in spite of these polemics, Vasarhelyi, who is survived by his wife, Edit, and their son and two daughters, will have a place in the pantheon of Hungarians who struggled in different ways to bring democracy to Hungary in the second half of the 20th century.
	www.fpp.co.uk /online/01/08/Vasarhelyi.html (1212 words)

	Az 1956-os Magyar Forradalom történetének dokumentációs és ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In 1956 the Kremlin had to manage two parallel crises in Poland and in Hungary, and it is clear now that the Soviets were trying to find a "Polish solution" to the Hungarian revolt as well during its first week.
		This was the case when on 25 October, 1956 Imre Nagy proclaimed in his radio speech that the Hungarian Government was starting negotiations on the withrawal of the Soviet troops from the country, although previously the Hungarian Politburo, on Mikojan's and Suslov's intervention firmly rejected such a proposal.
		Both the suppression of the 1956 Hungarian revolt and the Prague Spring was followed by a series of denouncing declarations in the West but the ongoing process of détante was not effected by these events and the negotiations were continued after a short period of obligatory moratorium.
	www.rev.hu /archivum/bcs4.html (2559 words)

	Hungary 1956 and the Political Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Even though its outcome was a tragic defeat, in which at least 20,000 Hungarian workers were killed and countless others injured, imprisoned and forced into hiding or exile, it nevertheless was undoubtedly the most significant pointer to future developments in the Stalinist states since the consolidation of the bureaucracy around Stalin in the 1920s.
		The revolution of 1956 was a revolution to rid society of this gang of parasites, torturers and murderers, who claimed to rule in the name of the working class, and to reassert the traditions of 1919 of the involvement of the working class in the revolution and the subsequent running of society.
		The heritage and experience of 1956 will be invaluable to the new generation of Hungarian workers and the workers of Eastern Europe as they move into battle to reopen the unfinished war against the bureaucracy.
	www.marxist.com /History/hungary1956_86.html (5651 words)

	Central Europe Review - Hungary: The Welcome Refugees
		Therefore, the number of Hungarians crossing the border into Austria during these first days of fighting were almost negligible in comparison to the numbers that were to leave after the Soviet invasion.
		Hungarians began to leave their country in large numbers once it became obvious that the Soviet Union was not willing to accept Hungarian neutrality and when it became clear that the West would not risk the current status quo - the cornerstone of East-West relations - for the sake of a small Central European country.
		Most Hungarians disposed of their weapons shortly before crossing into Austria, but the Austrians were correct in assuming that a large number would leave.
	www.ce-review.org /99/19/nemes19.html (1240 words)

	Central Europe Review - Hungary News Review
		The massacre in Mosonmagyarovar, near the Austrian border, is a well-known incident of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising.
		As most property belonging to Hungarians was confiscated during the period of "collective guilt" this has been a major issue for the Hungarians of Slovakia since the fall of communism.
		Peter Balas, Hungarian Economics Ministry Deputy State Secretary, stated that "there are significant differences in our points of view about the reasons for the problems and their solutions." Being in the EU fast-track, both countries are eager to show that they can settle their differences.
	www.ce-review.org /99/13/hungarynews13.html (1509 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Hungarian Uprising, 1956
		In 1956 the Hungarians were frustrated and angry which culminated in a spontaneous, violent uprising.
		Considering that the Hungarians had very limited numbers of conventional weapons, they showed great resourcefulness by spreading washing up liquid on the streets to prevent the tank treads from gripping the roads and making fake, but realistic-looking, "landmines" using up-turned soup plates.
		Hungarian soldiers at the Killian Barracks fought for three days but the rebels were eventually overcome by the might of the Soviet army.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A1148339 (2863 words)

	Hungarian Revolution 1956
		Hungarians were poor, yet much of the food and industrial goods they produced was sent to Russia.
		The Hungarians were very patriotic, and they hated Russian control – which included censorship, the vicious secret police (called the AVH after 1948) and Russian control of what the schools taught.
		In Budapest in 1956 the Hungarian uprising has been crushed by Russian tanks and the city was in ruins.
	www.johndclare.net /cold_war14.htm (910 words)

	IALHI News Service: 1956 Hungarian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		According to the editors, "between December 1956 and the summer of 1961, when the last death sentence was carried out for offenses committed in 1956, 341 people were hanged, as many as in the darkest years of the Rakosi regime "(p.
		Organized primarily by the 1956 Institute, this conference was unique in bringing together both original participants in the 1956 events and scholars who have worked with the new archival documents, thus enabling one to compare archival findings with living memories.
		Had the Hungarians not fought the Soviet army courageously in 1956, the West might still have regarded Hungary primarily as Germany's ally in both world wars and as an oppressor of minorities when part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.iisg.nl /~ialhi/news/i0310_1.html (2914 words)

	Glossary of Events: Hu
		The Hungarian Uprising began on 23 October 1956 when the working class took on and defeated the police and installed a new government, lasting 18 days before being crushed by Soviet tanks.
		This uprising, its undoubtedly proletarian character, and the cynicism of its suppression, dealt a blow to Stalinism of international proportions with many resignations from the Communist Parties across the world, especially among the intelligentsia.
		The repression of the Hungarian Uprising also sent a chilling message to workers across Eastern Europe, and drove the political revolution underground.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/h/u.htm (919 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 16 \| 1989: Hungary reburies fallen hero Imre Nagy
		Former Communist prime minister Imre Nagy, the man who symbolises the 1956 Hungarian uprising, has been given a formal public funeral 31 years after he was executed.
		General Bela Kiraly a commander of the 1956 uprising paid tribute to Hungary's fallen hero and said the reburial opened "a new epoch".
		Although many Hungarians never forgave him for his role in the crushing the 1956 uprising and his support for the Soviet repression of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Kadar's policy of "consumer socialism" turned Hungary into the most economically liberal and modern states of the Eastern Bloc.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_4522000/4522407.stm (605 words)

	H-Net Review: Peter I. Hidas on The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt and Repression, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Hungarians are at odds concerning the character of 1956 and the role of Imre Nagy in the Revolution.
		Between the summer of 1953 and October 1956 and between 4 November 1956 and the end of 1963, the workers and the elite fought for a democratic socialist regime, a democracy within the party, albeit a one-party system, and freedom of speech and the press.
		Let us hope that eventually the Institute of 1956 will be able to produce an authoritative and definitive history of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956; but for now the reader will have to be satisfied with this brief summary of their work in progress.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=3079849119801 (1075 words)

	The 1956 Hungarian Revolution
		Notes of Kremlin and White House discussions indicate the possible impact of the late October 1956 attack on Suez on the Soviet decision to intervene with overwhelming force in Hungary in early November.
		Hungarian and Soviet documents provide a more complex portrait of reform Communist Prime Minister Imre Nagy, whom the U.S. saw as a Soviet disciple but who went further than any other leader in the socialist camp other than Tito in asserting independence from the USSR.
		The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents is edited by Csaba Békés, Malcolm Byrne and János Rainer.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/press.htm (563 words)

	Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Cold war radio in crisis: the BBC overseas services, the Suez crisis ...
		Reith could well have been anticipating events which were still thirty years in the future, for in 1956 the Suez crisis collided with an uprising in Hungary to make it the busiest, certainly the most controversial, and perhaps the most important year in the history of cold war external broadcasting by the BBC.
		By examining the Suez crisis and the Hungarian uprising together we can obtain a much clearer picture of the activities of the BBC as an instrument of British foreign policy and propaganda, and of its relationship with the Foreign Office.
		In the aftermath of the Hungarian uprising and the Suez crisis the BBC in fact enjoyed a far greater level of audience affection, trust and confidence than ever before.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2584/is_n2_v16/ai_18897248 (1293 words)

	Central Europe Review - Hungary News Review
		Hungarian President Arpad Goncz, Prime Minister Viktor Orban and Budapest Mayor Gabor Demszky were among those attending a ceremony outside the Parliament building in Kossuth Square in commemoration of the uprising that was crushed by the Soviet Union 44 years ago.
		Fischler told Hungarian daily Nepszabadsag, "accession talks with Hungary cannot be completed before 2001." He added that the EU would have to complete its own reforms before concluding accession talks with those counties which will be best prepared by 2002.
		In his lecture Jozsef Szajer, Chairman of the Hungarian Parliament's European Integration Committee, stressed the lasting damage Communism caused in terms of civil society, but said that Hungary's living standard was closer to EU than that of Spain and Portugal at the time of their accession.
	www.ce-review.org /99/19/hungarynews19.html (1307 words)

	Uprising! One Nation's Nightmare: Hungary 1956 (review)
		The AVH, dreaded Hungarian equivalent of the NKVD, was headed by a creature who went under the name of Gabor Peter, but had been born as "Benjamin Auschpitz." Peter (sic) staffed the AVH with fellow Jews.
		It was the closest that the uprising came to an anti-Semitic pogrom, as the largely Jewish AVH officials were mercilessly winkled out of the boltholes where they had fled." On 1 November 1956, Nagy announced that Hungary was withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact and would follow a course of neutrality in world affairs.
		For the Hungarian revolt to have succeeded, assistance was needed from the West.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v05/v05p411_Lutton.html (1076 words)

	Gallileus - Twelve Days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		1956 is a story of extraordinary bravery in a fight for freedom, and of ruthless cruelty in suppressing a popular dream.
		The determination of the Hungarians to resist the Russians astonished the West.
		Their capital was devastated, thousands of people were killed and their country was occupied for a further three decades.The uprising was the defining moment of the Cold War: the USSR showed that it was determined to hold on to its European empire, but it would never do so without resistence.
	www.gallileus.info /search/lob_detail?isbn=0297847317 (208 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 4 \| 1956: Soviet troops overrun Hungary
		The Soviet air force has bombed the Hungarian capital, Budapest and Russian troops have poured into the city in a massive dawn offensive.
		At least 1,000 Soviet tanks are reported to have entered Budapest and troops deployed throughout the country are battling with Hungarian forces for strategic positions.
		The Soviet invasion is a response to the national uprising led by Prime Minister Imre Nagy, who has promised the Hungarian people independence and political freedom.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_2739000/2739039.stm (509 words)

	1956 Revolution - Hungarian Online Resources (Magyar Online Forrás)
		Lipták was studying at the Technical University in Budapest and one day in 1956, he went to the weekly Communist Youth meeting --- they were all required to attend --- when someone from Szeged stood up and said he wanted to speak.
		Lipták's simple but heartfelt language is enough to bring up all those warm feelings we may have for the soon to be foiled uprisings from the past, where suddenly thousands of the oppressed rise up spontaneously against oppressors, whether it be the Philippines in 1900, Warsaw in 1944, Cuba in 1958.
		But the foot was too stiff, the shoe could not be put back on, and under the enormous Hungarian flag, which covered the whole bier, one of Jancsi's stiff feet remained covered by only a torn sock.
	hungaria.org /1956 (1082 words)

	Escape from Hungary 1956
		Meeting 1956: Portraits of 15 people who participated in the Hungarian Revolution and were sentenced to die.
		The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and How it Affected the World Zoltán Csipke ©1997 (Detailed account of the revolution and its impact.
		The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (Research-oriented scholarly resources - for serious students of the revolution.
	homepage.mac.com /engrpas/hungary/reference.html (366 words)

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