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Topic: 1964 in India

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	NTI: Country Overviews: India: Nuclear Overview
		India's nuclear program was conceived in the pre-independence era by a small group of influential scientists who grasped the significance of nuclear energy and persuaded political leaders from the Indian National Congress to invest resources in the nuclear sector.
		India's primary goal is to achieve "economic, political, social, scientific, and technological development" and autonomy in domestic and strategic decisionmaking in an environment free of coercion from either the threat or use of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.
		India's nuclear policy planning, which for the last four decades was almost the exclusive preserve of a handful of politicians and civilian nuclear and defense scientists, is in the process of being opened up to a larger coalition of stakeholders.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/India/Nuclear/index.html (3337 words)

	India and Disarmament
		India was obliged to stand apart on the CTBT in 1996 after having been actively engaged in the negotiations for two and a half years precisely because the issues of non-proliferation, global disarmament and India's concerns about her security and strategic autonomy were ignored.
		India is currently participating in the negotiations of the Ad hoc Group of the States Parties of the BTWC with the aim to strengthen the convention by a protocol, including possible verification measures.
		India is committed to strengthening the norm of transparency in conventional armaments in general, and greater participation in the UN Register of Conventional Arms in particular.
	www.indianembassy.org /policy/Disarmament/note_india_disarmament.htm (2471 words)

	India's nuclear bomb and regional tensions
		Given the track record of India's dealing with its small neighbours, the possession of nuclear weapons in itself would become a symbol of Indian hegemony as a means to bully and coerce them.
		India's defeat in its war with China in 1962, still continue to haunt the Indian psyche.
		India is facing serious armed insurgency and separatist movement in Kashmir and the north-east, which border with China.
	www.geocities.com /articlesonbhutan/foreign_pages/indianuclearbomb.htm (1469 words)

	Nuclear Weapons - India Nuclear Forces
		India's pursuit of nuclear weapons was first spurred by a 1962 border clash with China and by Beijing's 1964 nuclear test.
		India made significant progress in refining its weapons design and fabrication capabilities, including reducing the size of weapons and increasing their efficiency and yield through boosted fission using tritium.
		Indian officials argued that India's refusal to sign the treaty stemmed from its fundamentally discriminatory character; the treaty places restrictions on the nonnuclear weapons states but does little to curb the modernization and expansion of the nuclear arsenals of the nuclear weapons states.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/india/nuke.htm (199 words)

	The Tribune: 125 Years; India: The Tasks Ahead
		With the declaration of India as a socialist republic, the country opted for planned development of the economy and paid special attention to the agriculture sector.
		India needs to design policy options that encourage the contractual participation of chemical-producing and distribution companies in integrated pest management, which would lower the cost and health risks for the farmers; and, at the same time eliminate excessive and wrong use of pesticides and minimise environmental degradation.
		In India, wheat output was estimated to have grown at the rate of 1.49 per cent with each year of increase in the education level of farmers.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/specials/tribune_125/main13.htm (2224 words)

	India (10/06)
		India's domestic politics also took new shape, as the nationalist appeal of the Congress Party gave way to traditional caste, creed, and ethnic alignments, leading to the founding of a plethora of small, regionally based political parties.
		India is now also seeking to strengthen its political and commercial ties with the United States, Japan, the European Union, Iran, China, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and is an active member of the South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
		India maintains that the entire former princely state is an integral part of the Indian union, while Pakistan insists upon the implementation of UN resolutions calling for self-determination for the people of the state.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm (6494 words)

	Nuclear Weapons - India Nuclear Forces
		Though India has not made any official statements about the size of it nuclear arsenal, the NRDC estimates that India has a stockpile of approximately 30-35 nuclear warheads and claims that India is producing additional nuclear materials.
		India is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and four of its 13 nuclear reactors are subject to IAEA safeguards.
		In addition, India opposed the provision in Article XIV of the CTBT that requires India's ratification for the treaty to enter into force, which India argued was a violation of its sovereign right to choose whether it would sign the treaty.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/india/nuke (1536 words)

	India
		1947 - India became an independent nation with a Hindu majority at midnight August 15, and Pakistan with a Muslim majority was partitioned east and west.
		The Hindu maharaja of the state of Jammu and Kashmir had refused to to join either India or Pakistan, but when attacked by West Pakistan Muslims, decided in October to join India, causing the first India-Pakistan war 1947-48, ended by a United Nations-sponsored cease-fire Jan. 1, 1949, with 30% of Kashmir under Pakistan control.
		India agreed that any plutonium from power reactors will not be used for atomic weapons, but India does not sign the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty, and with the help of France builds and tests its first atomic bomb in 1974.
	history.sandiego.edu /gen/20th/india.html (715 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Information and Issue Briefs \| India, China & NPT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		India's nuclear weapons program is described by its government as a necessary minimum deterrent in the face of regional nuclear threats that include a considerably larger Chinese nuclear arsenal as well as Pakistan's nuclear arms.
		India's response has been to intensify its embrace of the ethos of self-reliance as it continues its dual policy of maintaining a small nuclear deterrent while pursuing peaceful nuclear power on a ever-larger scale.
		India's record of avoiding any export of nuclear material or technology is consistent with Article 1 of the NPT and stands in sharp contrast to Pakistan's role as a wholesale proliferator contributing to the failure of Iran and North Korea to abide by their NPT commitments.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf80.htm (1809 words)

	webindia123-Indian personalities-Politicians-Jawaharlal Nehru
		As an architect of modern India and a doughty champion of world peace, Jawaharlal Nehru is immortalized in history.
		Returning to India, Jawaharlal threw himself into the anti-Senior Commission Satyagraha and was severely beaten in a lathi charge.
		In 1929 Jawaharlal Nehru was elected President of the All India Congress Committee and was given the reception fit for a king at the Lahore session of 1929.
	www.webindia123.com /personal/politician/nehru.htm (1381 words)

	India's Nuclear Weapons Program - The Beginning: 1944-1960
		Another motivation for India's acquisition of nuclear weapons, less often considered in the West, is the potential threat and regional challenge presented by the nuclear-armed state of China, which faces India along much of its northern border.
		The legacy of this incident was the discovery that the Soviet Union was an unreliable ally, and the deep resolve not to be at a similar disadvantage with respect to China in the future.
		India's nuclear weapons program from its outset has answered only to the Prime Minister's office, and only the Prime Minister and a select few of his or her appointees have ever had any say in its development and acquisition.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /India/IndiaOrigin.html (1794 words)

	CBC News Indepth: India
		The Congress party, which ruled India for most of the time since independence, is defeated in national elections by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
		In February, the prime ministers of India and Pakistan sign the Lahore Declaration, in which both sides agree to work together to prevent conflict between the two nuclear powers.
		India's prime minister and Pakistan's president meet at the northern Indian city of Agra.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/india/timeline.html (950 words)

	1964: India - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		1964: India - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Jawaharlal Nehru, whom India called its jewel, died on May 27; India and the world mourned his passing.
		Nehru's capacity for leadership had no equal in the new developing societies.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_1741578893/1964_India.html (130 words)

	webindia123.com-Indian History-Modern-Prime Ministers of India
		A Gandhian and veteran labour leader, was born in 1898.
		Daughter of the first P.M. of India Jawaharlal Nehru, was born at Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) in 1917.
		Her bold polices led India to victory in the 1971 war against Pakistan.
	www.webindia123.com /history/modern/pm.htm (428 words)

	1964 - India's first tyrst with the Olympic flame
		As the capital gears to receive the Olympic torch with much fanfare on June 10, some old timers recollect the flame's first journey through India in 1964.
		He recollects the months prior to the 1964 Olympic Games when the flame touched the Indian soil, being flown in by a Japanese aircraft.
		India's preparations this time to receive the Olympic flame offer a sharp contrast to the simple event described by Ramanujam.
	www.rediff.com /sports/2004/jun/07oly.htm (514 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: India: Missile Chronology
		India and Switzerland sign an agreement to develop an intermediate-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) under a program called "Project Indigo." However, the Indian government opts for the purchase of Soviet SA-2 SAM batteries and Project Indigo, a program to actually build a missile system, is cancelled.
		India decides to develop a family of sounding rockets with diameters ranging from 125mm-560mm with the capability of carrying 10-100kg-payloads to heights ranging from 80-350km.
		The location of the island on India's east coast and its closeness to the equator (Sriharikota is 13° north of the equator) are cited as some of its key advantages.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/India/Missile/1931.html (7437 words)

	Gallery - Danushkhodi, India (1964) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A freak storm hit southern India on 23 December 1964 raising a destructive tidal wave.
		Pictured here is what remained of an Indian narrow gauge train which was swept away as it crossed from Raneswaren Island to the mainland.
		All 128 passengers and crew were killed in the upturned and totally destroyed carriages.
	danger-ahead.railfan.net /gallery/danushkodi.html (53 words)

	Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He thundered, "India is not a subject to be administered but a nation seeking its soul." He would graphically describe the "shame of subjection and the lines of sorrow" apparent on every Indian's face.
		Radhakrishnan was elected Vice-President of India in 1952.
		Radhakrishnan's tenure as President was marked by the disastrous Indo-China war of 1962, his state visit to the United States in 1963, the end of the Nehru-era with Nehru's death in 1964, and India's victorious performance against Pakistan in 1965 under Lal Bahadur Shastri.
	www.liveindia.com /freedomfighters/11.html (1213 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Northeast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is a fact and the basic shortcoming lies in the lack of professionalism among the administrators in the country.
		The 1950s were the golden years of Indian soccer and though India won a bronze in the Asian Championship in 1970, the actual nosedive in performance started in 1964 when India went down to Iran (1-3) in Calcutta in a pre-Olympic qualifier.
		Another irony is that India, which had prevailed over Iran, South Korea, Japan and Australia in the 1950s and 1960s, are now languishing in the 117th position among 207 countries in the FIFA ranking while the above four sides are playing in the current World Cup in Germany.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1060613/asp/northeast/story_6346884.asp (412 words)

	indiansaga.info - Who's Who of India
		Pandit, Vijayalakshmi (1900-1990), one of India's most famous women, was distinguished for her work in government and for her interest in the women's movement.
		She was governor of the Indian state of Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964, and served in India's Parliament from 1964 to 1967.
		Like her father and brother, Motilal and Jawaharlal Nehru, she took a prominent part in India's struggle for independence and was jailed several times.
	indiansaga.com /whoswho/pandit_vijaya.html (223 words)

	India Club Dubai
		India Club was formally inaugurated on 15th August 1964 (India's Independence Day) on a piece of land gifted by H.H. Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum.
		India Club - A club that's put behind it many successful years, offering its 6500 members a wide spectrum of sports, entertainment, leisure facilities and superb cuisine.
		A beehive of activities all year round, this is one club that has come to be synonymous with a certain standard in the area of sports and leisure.
	www.indiaclubdubai.com /index.asp (133 words)

	Pilgrimage to India, Paul VI - Travels - The Holy See - The Holy Father
		Message to the President of India and to the Cardinal of Bombay (December 5, 1964)
		To the Consular Corps of Bombay (December 3, 1964)
		Departure for India from the Airport of Fiumicino (December 2, 1964)
	www.vatican.va /holy_father/paul_vi/travels/sub-index/index_india.htm (319 words)

	Nuclear Files: Timeline of the Nuclear Age: 1964
		Soviet Union dumps eight naval nuclear reactors, including three with the radioactive fuel still intact, in the Gulf of Abrosimov off Novaya Zemlya during 1964-65.
		India completes its first chemical reprocessing plant to enrich uranium.
		The plant is located near Bombay and built with the assistance of the United States and Canada.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/timeline/1960/1964.htm (166 words)

	India - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is bound by Pakistan to the northwest, China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north, Myanmar and Bangladesh to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the southeast and the Arabian Sea to the southwest.
		The rivers of India are generally divided into the Himalayan and peninsula rivers, and the principal rivers include the Ganges with its tributaries, the Jumna, Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gandak, Kosi, Chambi, Betwa, Son, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narbada and Tapti.
		CLIMATE: India has a tropical climate that is dominated by the Asiatic monsoons with four fairly distinct seasons which are common to all six or seven climatic regions.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/india.htm (1678 words)

	The Case Against the War
		India's path to nuclear armament, recounted in George Perkovich's masterful, definitive India's Nuclear Bomb, offers essential lessons in the steps by which the archipelago has grown and is likely to grow in the future.
		But it was not until shortly after China tested a bomb in 1964 that India embarked on a concerted nuclear weapons program, which bore fruit in 1974, when India tested a bomb for "peaceful" purposes.
		He believed that India, with nuclear-armed China and nuclearizing Pakistan for neighbors, was living in an increasingly "dangerous neighborhood." The most powerful tie that paradoxically binds proliferator to deterrer in their minuet of genocidal hostility is not mere imitation but the compulsion to respond to the nuclear terror projected by others.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20030303/schell/6 (1282 words)

	India Club Dubai
		India Club was formally inaugurated on 15th August 1964 (India's Independence Day) on a piece of land gifted by H.H. Sheikh Rashid Bin Sayed Al Maktoum.
		India Club has become the first Club anywhere to be awarded ISO 9001:2000 accreditation by Lloyds' Register Quality Assurance.
		The award was presented by Mohamed Ali Alabbar, Director General, The Department of Economic Development (DED), to a management team delegation from the India Club at a presentation ceremony on October 19 at the DED.
	www.indiaclubdubai.com /html/abouttheclub.asp (517 words)

	Welcme To Miss India Home Page
		From a small event of 100 entries, where contestants were only required to show up on the night of the pageant, where the swimsuit round consisted of the girls lifting up their sarees to show their legs, where the pageant was held in a small ballroom, to....
		She was the daughter of a British father and Anglo-Indian mother, and started modelling and Miss India on holiday from Australia, by luck.
		After Miss India, she is preparing to film her first movie after a series of music videos.
	www.geocities.com /noveltydatanet/jobiantonysitefile/Miss/index.htm (2273 words)

	1965 in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See also: 1964 in India, other events of 1965, 1966 in India and the Timeline of Indian history.
		February 24 - English is adopted as an associate language in dealings between the Central government and the non Hindi speaking states.
		August 5 - War begins between India and Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1965_in_India (169 words)

	Amazon.com: The Discovery of India (Oxford India Paperbacks): Books: Jawaharlal Nehru,Indira Gandhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His dreams and hopes for India as a forward looking, modern and tolerant nation fostering peace and co operation in the world are pretty well brought out in the book.
		India owes it's recent "Hi-Tech" growth to Nehru and his vision of sustainable freedom through knowledge and education.
		Also, his portrayal of Muslim rule in India is somewhat biased, and he only describes the bad bits, such as the jizya and the pagan tyranny of Aurangzeb while glossing over the good bits during the reigns Emperors Akbar, Jehangir and all those chaps who tried to build bridges between Hindus and Muslims.
	www.amazon.com /Discovery-India-Indira-Gandhi/dp/0195623592 (2020 words)

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