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	Anatolia: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History
		Idriaeus (351-344 BCE)- he died of disease and was succeeded by his sister and wife Ada (who later became Queen of Alinda), but she was expelled by her brother Pixodarus, who threw in his lot with the Persians inviting in a Persian Satrap Othontapates (Orontobates?) This satrap was ruling when Alexander arrived in 334.
		In 500 BCE the tyrant of Mylasa was Oliatus, son of Ibanollis.
		In 167 BCE they revolted from the Rhodians and were soon thereafter declared free by the Romans once more.Under the Pax Romana Mylasa flourished and brought under her control in the name of 'Sympolity' the cities of Euromos, Chalcetor, Hydae, Olympos and Labraynda, and their citizenry were alloted to her own tribes.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/anatolia (9235 words)

	Santorini island maps - Sailing holidays, cruises and yacht charters in Santorini
		197 BCE - today: The formation of the post-Minoan Kammeni islands, is recorded by human observation and documented by historians.
		In antiquity Thera was known as Kalliste (the Fairest island) or Strongyle (the Round island) and was inhabited in the 3rd millennium BCE (Cycladic culture), probably by Carians.
		In 630 BCE their king, Grinos, founded a colony at Kyrene - the largest Greek colony in North Africa.
	www.sailingissues.com /greekislands/santorini.html (1207 words)

	Wikinfo \| Galatia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Galatians were in their origin a part of that great Celtic migration which invaded Macedonia, led by the 'second' Brennus, a Gaulish chief.
		But this arrangement soon gave way before the ambition of one of these tetrarchs, Deiotarus, the contemporary of Cicero and Caesar, who made himself master of the other two tetrarchies and was finaily recognized by the Romans as 'king' of Galatia.
		On the death of the third king Amyntas in 25 BCE, however, Galatia was incorporated by Augustus in the Roman empire, and few of the provinces proved more enthusiastically loyal to Rome.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Galatia (841 words)

	history1
		By 600 to 500 BCE Celtic Culture existed from Ireland and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Turkey and Northern Greece in the East.
		In 225 BCE, the Romans defeated the Cisalpine Celts at the Battle of Telamon.
		In 125 BCE Rome conquered southern Gaul, and apart from the set back of the defeat of the Roman General Arausio in 105 BCE, they continued to expand into `Celtic` lands.
	www.geocities.com /mhaille21/history1.html (1351 words)

	Re: orion-list Cave 4 linen and deposit date
		Likewise, at the 98% level of confidence, that is of 100 measurements 98 of them would fall within that range, 19 times out twenty, the range is from 197 BCE-46 CE or 150 years.
		This tells us the measures are skewed toward the bottom end of the range and so the 58.5 BCE Mean is suspect.
		So here we have an indicator that, even with the con- tamination certain to have occurred, a 60's BCE date is more than a little certain.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1999b/msg00346.html (484 words)

	Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE
		3500 BCE - [M] A 10,000 km strong network of long-distance trade routes spans the seas (a total of 1,000 km) and lands (a total of 9,000 km) of Eurasia and Africa (reanalysis of Sherratt 2003 data in Ciolek, forthcoming).
		A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
		Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
	www.ciolek.com /GLOBAL/early.html (2873 words)

	city: rome
		The period from the third to first centuries BCE, usually called the Republican period, saw the progressive expansion of Roman power to neighboring territories and eventually to the far-flung borders of the Mediterranean.
		By 63 BCE Rome had become Ñprotectoræ of the client kingdom of the Hasmoneans, that is the land of Judea.
		By the fourth century BCE the city was enclosed with a defense structure, the Servian Wall, measuring over 10 feet thick.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/maps/arch/rome.html (1101 words)

	The Temple of Athena at Phocaea - Main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		BCE monochrome gray pottery found there may indicate that, like Kymians, these first inhabitants of Phocaea were Aiolians.
		BCE and paid a tribute of two talents, but in 412 BCE Phocaea rebelled and left the League.
		The small size of the 12 rows of tufa stone that reach a height of four-and-a-half meters suggests that the temple was constructed in early antiquity.
	www.goddess-athena.org /Museum/Temples/Phocaea/Phocaea_m.htm (2539 words)

	The Berzin Archives - Historical Sketch of Buddhism and Islam in Afghanistan
		In 317 BCE, however, the Indian Mauryan Dynasty took Oddiyana from the Seleucids and thus the area was only superficially Hellenized during this short period.
		In 197 BCE, the Graeco-Bactrians conquered Oddiyana and Gandhara from the Mauryans.
		Balkh had been the birthplace of Zoroaster in about 600 BCE It was the holy city of Zoroastrianism, the Iranian religion that grew from his teachings and which emphasized the veneration of fire.
	www.berzinarchives.com /islam/history_afghanistan_buddhism.html (5651 words)

	Empire and Politics by Violence, to 79 BCE
		Marius felt humiliated, and to escape from scorn he went on a tour of the empire in the east, hoping that as Rome's most renowned general he might soon again be asked to command its armies.
		The Senate rejoiced, and in 95 BCE it attempted to punish those who had supported Marius' reforms, many of whom were Marius' Italian veterans.
		In 85 BCE, Mithridates agreed to withdraw from all territories he had conquered, to surrender part of his navy, and to pay Rome an indemnity.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch16.htm (10616 words)

	The Acropolis
		The Theater of Dionysus, on the south slope, was developed further in the 4th century BCE and the Odeion of Herodes Atticus was added in the 2nd century CE.
		The Propylaea was built in 437- 432 BCE by the architect Mnesicles to form a new entrance to the Acropolis.
		It was built in the fifth century (421-414 and 409-406 BCE) on the spot where, according to tradition, Athena and Poseidon had disputed over the naming of Athens.
	www.grisel.net /acropolis.htm (1758 words)

	Heavenly Minds \| Main / HellenisticTimeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 277 BCE, Antigonos Gonatas crushed a force of Galatians, contributing to their withdrawal from Macedonia, with the result that he was acclaimed King of the Macedonians.
		At Beneventum in 275 BCE, Phyrros was defeated by the Consul Manius Curius.
		However, in 253 BCE, the Ptolemies succeeded in a diplomatic coup, with a seemingly benign peace settlement and the marriage of Berenike, daughter of Ptolemy II to Antiochus II.
	www.innocence.com /games/taci/Main/HellenisticTimeline (3232 words)

	A CHRONOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		771 BCE The Chou dynasty in China is forced to abandon its western capital in Hao, of the Wei River Valley and move its seat eastward to Loyang due to the threat of a barbarian invasion.
		400-300 BCE The Celts settle in the Danube-Sava basin.
		312 BCE Seleucus Nicator, one of Ptolemy's generals in Syria, establishes a kingdom ranging from Syria in the west to India in the east (approximately the scope of the ancient Assyrian or Babylonian Empires) and founds the Seleucid empire.
	www.humanitas-international.org /perezites/archive/timeline.htm (19687 words)

	Facetation / george goodall
		The earliest materials for carrying marks were the clay tables of the Summerians (~3500 BCE) and animal skins.
		Between 197 BCE and 159 BCE a herd of cattle is raised near Pergamum specifically for the purpose of providing skins for writing on.
		Between 100 BCE and 100 CE the papyrus scroll largely disappeared in the Roman world being replaced by the codex.
	www.deregulo.com /facetation/2005/02/pencil-history.html (2025 words)

	Attalus I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However Achaeus returned from victory in Selge in 217 BCE and resumed hostilities with Attalus.
		In the spring of 198 BCE, Attalus returned to Greece with twenty-three quinqueremes and joined a fleet of twenty decked Rhodian warships at Andros, to complete the conquest of Euboea begun the previous year.
		Early in 197 BCE, Titus Quinctius Flamininus, the Roman consul, summoned Attalus to a Boeotian council in Thebes to discuss which side Boeotia would take in the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attalus_I (2890 words)

	Museum of Classical Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Roman woman, 36 BCE - 37, married to Drusus the Elder and mother of Claudius.
		The Athenians had decisive victories at Marathon (490 BCE), Salamis (480 BCE) and Plataea (479 BCE), and a peace was agreed in 449 BCE.
		The Acropolis, which had been flattened by the Persians in 480 BCE, was rebuilt with labour and money provided by the powerful position of Athens, with the new Parthenon as a focus of the victory celebrations.
	www.classics.cam.ac.uk /museum/glossarya-c.html (1052 words)

	To: MEPF@onelist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Jewish Palestine remained part of' the empire of the Ptolemies between 300 and 200 BCE, though that interval was bloodied by four separate cycles of wars involving the rival dynasties.
		Believing Rome to be preoccupied elsewhere, he invaded Egypt in 170 B.C,E. Rumors reached Jerusalem that he had been killed, and the former high priest Jason, returning to Jerusalem with a small army, was apparently welcomed as a far lesser evil than Menelaus.
		Again in 168 BCE, Epiphanes sought to invade Egypt, but within a few miles of Alexandria was halted by a Roman commander and ordered, in a most insulting way, to leave Egypt at once.
	radiobergen.org /history/alex.html (3092 words)

	The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 13)
		In 401 BCE he fought a civil war in Persia and, throughout this, the Jews remained loyal accounting for their favourable treatment.
		If the decree was taken from 516 BCE from the reign of Darius 1 to follow on directly from the 70 weeks of years then the end of the prophecy was in 26 BCE which seems to relate to nothing.
		In 197 BCE, Judea became a province of the Seleucid Empire, the Eastern successors to Alexander from which Antiochus Epiphanes came.
	www.logon.org /english/s/p013.html (9024 words)

	roman_empire
		100 BCE The Roman Empire with the changes effected by Second Punic War:
		133 BCE - Inheritance of the kingdom of Pergamum (Province of Asia)
		121 BCE - Conquest of Gallia Transalpina (Narbonensis)
	gallery.sjsu.edu /oldworld/ancientrome/empire_map/100bce.htm (104 words)

	History of Western Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Chinese records of the guest star that we now call Comet Halley can be traced back to 240 BCE and possibly as early as 1059 BCE.
		One of the most important Chinese records is of a guest star that was bright enough to be seen during the daytime for nearly a month in the constellation that we call Taurus in July 1054.
		Aristotle's philosophy involved the qualitative study of all natural phenomena, pursued without the aid of mathematics which was deemed to be too "perfect" for application on an imperfect terrestrial sphere.
	www.stormpages.com /swadhwa/hofa/History.html (2447 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		[BCE] Kuhn, R. Speech recognition and the frequency of recently used words: A modified Markov model for natural language.
		[BCE] Renouf, A. The elicitation of spoken English.
		[BCE] Souter, C. A short handbook to the Polytechnic of Wales Corpus.
	nora.hd.uib.no /icame/icame-bib2.txt (4840 words)

	Pergamon, Bergama, Turkey
		The General revolted against the rule of Thrace, and when news came of the death of Lysimachus in 232 BCE, Philetaerus used the 9,000 talents to set up his own kingdom, calling it the Attalid Kingdom (named after the nephew of Philetaerus).
		He built the Doric Temple to Athena and a theatre on the steep western slope (170 BCE).
		The now decimated altar of Zeus to commemorate the victory of Attalus I was built in his reign, as well as the 200,000 volume library, which rivaled Alexandria.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/pergamon.htm (852 words)

	Hellenic Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the 12th century BCE they began migrating southward, and three separate Doric tribes (Hylleis, Pamphyloi, and the Dymanes) settled in eastern and southern Peloponnesus, displacing the native Achaeans.
		For a variety of reasons, the 17th to 13th centuries BCE saw a general retreat, one which did not begin to reverse itself until the 9th century BCE (leading to the eventual flowering of Classic-Age civilization by the 5th century).
		) in the reign of Merneptah (roughly 1230 BCE).
	www.hostkingdom.net /gktrib.html (3300 words)

	2nd Century B.C.E.
		The 3rd century B.C.E., was a period in which Rome consolidated its control of the Italian peninsula, was tested as a geopolitical power in its contests with Carthage, and aquired its first overseas provinces.
		Roman warfare in Spain lasted until 133 BCE.] Cato was particularly alarmed by the Punic capacity to recover from the extraordinary defeats and war reparations Rome had imposed on her.
		In 146, Roman troops, under the command of P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus [the natural son of Aemilius Paullus and grandson by adoption of Scipio Africanus], sacked Carthage.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/2nd.cen.htm (1167 words)

	CTCWeb Glossary: P (paedagogus to pyxis)
		- (238-179 BCE) Philip V was a king of Macedonia; he fought in the Social War and the Second Macedonian War; he was beaten in the Battle of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly in 197 BCE; Philip V died in 179 BCE at Amphipolis.
		- a city in Macedonia established by Philip of Macedon during the 4th century BCE; this city was the site of a famous battle in 42 BCE between Octavian and Antony on one side and Brutus and Cassius on the other; Octavian and Antony were triumphant and Brutus killed himself soon thereafter.
		Caesar, elected pontifex maximus in 63 BCE; Caesar's best known reform as pontifex was to introduce the "Julian Calendar," a calendar of 365 days with a provision of a leap year every forth year.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/glossary/glossaryp.html (3461 words)

	Philadelphia, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The city lay along a fault line, and is subject to frequent and sometimes powerful earthquakes, making the task of recovering the past in archaeology a difficult one.
		The city may have been founded by Eumenes King of Pergamum (197-160 BCE) in the C2BCE, and the name was likely after his brother Attalus (later reigned 159-138 BCE), who through loyalty won the title Philadelphus (brother love).
		The city was handed over to Roman rule in 133 BCE on the death of Attalus III.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/philadelphia.htm (329 words)

	Summary: The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 13z)
		The letter to Ahasuerus is the letter to Cambyses and construction is completed in the reign of Darius I. ra and Nehemiah return in that reign and the prophets Haggai and Zechariah are raised up in the second year of that reign also.
		This commenced in 410 BCE and continued until the reign of Artaxerxes II who faced an Egyptian rebellion on his ascension in 404 BCE.
		In 401 BCE he fought a civil war in Persia when the Jews remained loyal and received favourable treatment.
	www.logon.org /english/z/p013z.html (3900 words)

	Editorial
		In 722-721 BCE, the Kingdom of Israel was invaded by the Assyrians and its people scattered, who came to be known as the "Ten lost tribes of Israel." In 586 BCE, the Babylonians under the leadership of King Nebuchadnezzar annexed the southern kingdom of Judah.
		In 320 BCE, Ptolemy I of Egypt partially demolished the fortifications that remained in ruins until their restoration by Simon II in 219 BCE After a series of struggles between the Ptolemies and Seleucids, the latter obtained the city by a treaty in 197 BCE.
		Under Herod, Jerusalem was rebuilt and the second temple (known as the Temple of Zerubabel) elaborated (from 17 BCE to 29 CE).
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/jan/08/08012006ed.htm (4326 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: the battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE)
		In June 197, the Roman general Titus Quinctus Flamininus defeated the Macedonian king Philip V in these hills.
		The Macedonian phalanx was unable to adapt itself to the terrain; the Roman legions, on the other hand, were able to turn and could attack the Macedonian phalanx in the rear.
		According to the historian Appian of Alexandria, Syrian War, §16, the dead at Cynoscephalae were still unburied in 191.
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/cynoscephalae/cynoscephalae.html (558 words)

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