1971 War - Factbites

1971 War - Factbites
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Topic: 1971 War

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	The Poona Horse Regimental Association
		The genesis of the 1971 war lay in the intense internal power struggle that ensued in Pakistan, as a consequence of the elections held in that country towards the end of 1970.
		Even though the war had commenced on the night of 3-4 December, with Pakistan attacking in Chhamb Sector, General Yahya Khan formally declared war on India on the afternoon of 4 December.
		Pak 1 Corps was responsible for the defence of the Shakragarh Bulge.
	www.poonahorse.com /history_indopak2.htm

	Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan.
		However, war on India's Western front during the period between 3 December 1971 and 16 December 1971 is called the Indo-Pakistani War by both the Bangladeshi and Indian Armies.
		War of 1947 – War of 1965 – War of 1971 – Kargil War
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971 (2185 words)

	History
		Following a two-week war between Pakistan and India, in which fighting also broke out along the India-West Pakistan border, Pakistani troops in East Pakistan surrendered (Dec. 16) and a cease-fire was declared on all fronts.
		In the ensuing civil war, some 10 million refugees fled to India and hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed.
		The British attempted to subdue the anarchic northwest during the First Afghan War (1839&endash;42) and succeeded in conquering Sind in 1843 and the Punjab in 1849.
	www.axn-travel.com /himalaya/destinations/pakistan/info/history.shtml (2185 words)

	India-Pakistan Wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		The undeclared war in Kashmir continued until Jan. 1, 1949, when a truce was arranged through UN mediation; negotiations between India and Pakistan began and lasted until 1954 without resolving the Kashmir problem.
		The first war arose over Kashmir, in NW India, in 1947 when Muslim subjects revolted and were supported by Pakistani troops.
		The second war began in Apr., 1965, when fighting broke out in the Rann of Kachchh, a sparsely inhabited region along the West Pakistan–India border.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/IndiaPak.html (2185 words)

	1971 Indo-Pak War
		The 1971 war was the first, and only, occasion when the Indian political leadership exhibited a proper understanding of the use of military power for achieving a clear national aim.
		The stories of the 1971 War ensured that those traditions would be carried on by many generations of fighting men in the years to come.
		Confident that another war would be as much of a stalemate as the 1965 Conflict, the Pakistanis got increasingly bold and finally on 3 December 1971 reacted with a massive co-ordinated air strike on several Indian Air Force stations in the West.
	www.vinnyswildworld.com /1971%20Indo.htm (2185 words)

	Nixon plotted war against India in 1971
		Washington - Fearing that Soviets might get involved in the 1971 Indo-Pak war, then US President Richard Nixon had wanted China to make coordinated military moves in support of Pakistan, according to documents released by the State Department.
		When Nixon learned that Indian war plans were designed to liberate "Bangladesh" and to destroy Pakistan's military armoured and air strength, he ordered the US carrier enterprise and its escorts into the Bay of Bengal, the release said.
		The Nixon administration was not prepared to involve itself in a war on the Indian sub-continent.
	www.infowars.com /articles/world/nixon_plotted_war_against_india_1971.htm (2185 words)

	Threats - Pakistan - India Intelligence Agencies
		The Pakistan Army responded with threatening countermovements, and in early 1987 there was serious concern that war might break out.
		Each country had limited objectives, and neither was economically capable of sustaining a long war because military supplies were cut to both countries by the United States and Britain.
		Pakistan denied this accusation, but some people thought that Operation Brass Tacks might have been a means to strike at alleged bases in Pakistan's Punjab Province.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/india/threat/pakistan.htm (2185 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bangladesh/Transnational issues
		The former Soviet Union supported India's actions during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war and was among the first to recognize Bangladesh.
		During and immediately after Bangladesh's struggle for independence from Pakistan in 1971, India assisted refugees from East Pakistan, intervened militarily to help bring about the independence of Bangladesh, and furnished relief and reconstruction aid.
		Exchanges of high-level visits, including a visit by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to Bangladesh in 1989 and visits by Prime Minister Zia to Pakistan in 1992 and in 1995.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bangladesh/Transnational-issues (2185 words)

	Indian Air Force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If in the previous wars, the IAF was relegated to the backburner, this one saw the full power of the airforce as a threatening and lethal unit.
		The IAF was never committed to the war by a hesitant and timid political leadership fearing escalation.
		Not until the Gulf War would so many tanks be neutralised with little to no air losses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_Air_Force (2185 words)

	Hangor Class (Fr Daphn
		PN Submarine HANGOR sailed in the early hours of 22 November 1971 to patrol off the Indian Kathiawar coast under the command of Commander Ahmed Tasnim S.J. On 9 Dec, in an effort to locate the evasive enemy, HANGOR extended her patrol northward to investigate some radio transmissions intercepted on her sensors.
		During 1971 Indo-Pak war, the burden of Pakistan Navy's is offensive effort hinged on the small but effective submarine force.
		These submarines played a pivotal role during the Indo-Pak war of 1971.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm (2185 words)

	IndianSubmariner : Indian Submarine Arm Naval Submarines India
		Later during the year, the world was witness to Indo-Pak war of 1971, in which INS Kursura and INS Karanj participated in the western front whereas INS Khanderi patrolled the expense of the Bay of Bengal.
		In 1971, India had to face a new challenge arising from the influx of refugees across the western and the eastern borders, especially from East Pakistan.
		Later, in 1971, an exclusive stamp on this title was released, depicting refugees carrying all that they could on their person.
	www.indiansubmariner.com /subphil.htm (2185 words)

	Indian Combat Pilots
		Farokh Mehta was a Sqn Ldr during the 1971 War.
		Wg Cdr Farokh Jehangir Mehta, VrC, 1971 Indo Pakistan Wars, 1 Confirmed Kill and 1 Unconfirmed Kill.
		Pathania was involved in a scramble early in the war on Dec 6th, when he took off with Fg Off Boppayya and intercepted an incoming raid of Four Sabres.
	members.tripod.com /JaganPVS/indpilots.htm (2185 words)

	Jatland.com - Leaders - Colonel Hoshiar Singh, PVC
		Indo-Pak war 1971 : The 3rd Battalion of the Grenadiers Regiment was in the forefront of the advance of 54 Inf.
		In the Indo-Pak war of 1971 (then a Major), he was awarded the Param Vir Chakra on 17 December, 1971.
		In the 1965 Indo-Pak war, he saw some action in the Rajasthan sector.
	www.jatland.com /people/hoshiar.htm (2185 words)

	Squadron 220
		During the Indo-Pak War of 1971, the squadron moved to Utarlai in September 1971.
		The squadron, later re-equipped with the ‘Indigenous HF-24 Marut’ in April 1969 and flew the Marut in the 1971 Indo-Pak War.
		The war came to an end on 17 December 1971.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/india/sqn-220.htm (2185 words)

	The Men Behind Yahya in the Indo
		In 1971, Pakistan became engulfed in civil war.
		Despite the end of the war, conditions in Bangladesh were still grim.
		There was a serious danger that the war between India and Pakistan might spread.
	coat.ncf.ca /our_magazine/links/issue47/articles/a07.htm (2185 words)

	The 1971 India-Pakistan War
		On the 3rd of December 1971, the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) struck a number of Indian airfields in northern India.
		By midnight, India was officially at war with Pakistan.
		For a journey through history, click on as we bring you a new episode every week on a different aspect of the war that led to the creation of a new nation: Bangladesh.
	freeindia.org /1971war (2185 words)

	Indo-Pak Conflict: Effects on south asia
		We observed Indo-Pak war in 1947-48, in1965.in 1971, kargil outburst in 1998 and very recent War situation.
		We never expect of nuclear war in the region even then if it happens it will tremendously affect the whole region and Bangladesh will not be scared.
		In reply they answered if there is any nuclear war breakdown in the region same fate they will have to accept even they are in Dhaka.
	www.ippnw-europe.org /main/southasia.htm (2185 words)

	The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971
		While some historians believe the roots of the 1971 war were sown following the 1965 India-Pakistan war, the declassified documents show that the 1971 war had its own specific causes: a tremendous refugee flow (approximately 10 million people), Indian support to the Mukti Bahini, and continued military repression in East Pakistan.
		As early as May 1971 the State Department became aware that a war was possible between India and Pakistan.
		Then in early December 1971, when the conflict grew to an India-Pakistan war, aid to India was also suspended.
	www2.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79 (2185 words)

	Lt General Khem Karan Singh - Indian Army - Maha Vir Chakra - Padma Bhushan - Haryana - India
		He was promoted to the rank of Lt General during the 1971 Indo-Pak War and appointed General Officer Commanding I Corps.
		In the 1965 Indo-Pak War he was a Brigadier commanding an Armoured Brigade in the Sialkot Sector and was awarded the MVC for his gallantry.
		In this war, the newly promoted Lt Gen K K Singh was the GOC of I Corps.
	www.haryana-online.com /WarHeroes/lt_gen_khem_karan_singh.htm (2185 words)

	The Battle of Chamb-1971
		For 1971 war also strictly keeping the facts in mind almost half of casualties sustained by the army on the western front were borne by the valiant 23 Division.
		The tank casualties of 1971 merely hint at a trend in favour of Defence as the stronger form of warfare as witnessed in the limited success of armour attacks even in the 1973 war and in the Iran-Iraq war.
		Average width of Tawi was 150-300 yards (Refers-discussion of the author with various participants of the 1971 operation from 11 Cavalry, 28 Cavalry and 19 Baluch) and was roughly 7 to 8 kilometers east of the ceasefire line/international border.
	www.defencejournal.com /sept99/chamb.htm (2185 words)

	Wars, Wars of the World, World War, Wars History, Wars Directory, World War I, World War II, War of the World - 123World.com
		However, if you do not find the official site of the war that you are looking for, then use the feedback link at the bottom of this page to apprise us of the same.
		Click on the respective alphabet to begin your search for a particular war or scroll down to the appropriate section beginning with that alphabet.
		The links provided here are most reliable and will help you get all the facts and figures about the important wars of the world.
	123world.com /wars (2185 words)

	War crisis continues India rejects Pakistani pleas for talks
		Under threat of war, India is demanding not only that the Pakistani government withdraw all support for the insurgency that has convulsed the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir since the late 1980s.
		The current war crisis in South Asia caught both Washington and Britain unawares, although the initial reaction of both India and Pakistan to September 11 made it clear that any precipitous US military action against Afghanistan would dangerously destabilize the region.
		But it is clear that Musharraf fears an all-out war with India or even a prolonged military stand-off that forces Pakistan to spend large sums keeping its troops in a state of battle-readiness.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/jan2002/ind-j09.shtml (2185 words)

	PakDef Forums - PakDef in Media
		With the release of pictures of the Ghazi, the submarine whose sinking tilted the 1971 war in favour of India, the debate on what caused the blast on board the Pakistani vessel is renewed
		In November 1971, he looked out to sea and was a worried man. The Eastern Fleet's aircraft carrier Vikrant was tasked with blockading East Pakistan from the sea but the vessel had a crack in its boiler which reduced its speed to just 16 knots and made it vulnerable to submarines.
		War had broken out between India and Pakistan the previous day, but all was quiet on the eastern coast.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=5045 (2185 words)

	CIA Says Chances Of India-Pakistan War Highest Since 1971
		"The chance of war between these two nuclear-armed states is higher that at any point since 1971," Tenet told a Senate Intelligence committee.
		India and Pakistan have been readied for war -- with an estimated 800,000 troops massed on their common border -- since New Delhi blamed two Pakistan-based militant groups for the deadly December 13 attack on its parliament.
		We are deeply concerned, however, that a conventional war -- once begun -- could escalate into a nuclear confrontation."
	www.rense.com /general19/CIAindpakAL.htm (2185 words)

	KASHMIR: The Storm Center of the World
		This decisive Indian victory in the war of 1971 resulted in liberation af Bangladesh, dismemberment of Pakistan, surrender of over 90,000 Pak troops and occupation of valuable Pak territory in Punjab bigger in size than Kashmir valley.
		The casualty figures released by the government of India after the war made it clear that Pakistan was interested primarily in the war on the West and its objective was to get Kashmir somehow.
		This resulted in a bloody confrontation between Pak army and people of East Pakistan who were supported by the Bengali speaking section of armed forces of Pakistan and local bureaucracy.
	www.kashmir-information.com /Storm/chapter14.html (2185 words)

	Prisoners of War: Our men in Pakistan, Indian Airforce
		In 1999, Lt.Gen Aurora, the 1971 war hero, filed a public interest litigation in the Supreme Court saying that the kin be given their rightful income."These POWs are neither considered dead, nor alive.
		For nearly three decades, fifty-four families have awaited the return of their sons, husbands, fathers and brothers from the 1971 war.
		At the end of the war, when we sent back all Pakistani prisoners, they also should have sent the prisoners in their captivity back to India.
	users.senet.com.au /~wingman/pow.html (2185 words)

	Pakistan Armoured Corps as a Case Study
		War record for promotion to higher ranks was no criteria at that time as has remained the case till to date, since its Godfather had the most dubious war record in the Indian Army of WW Two!
		Their efforts to do so failed because of lack of funds and economic depression of the inter war years.32 Thus on the eve of WW Two in 1939 just two Indian cavalry units were mechanised.
		The Sikh Wars were also wholly infantry dominated wars in which Sikhs dug themselves up into entrenchments which were stormed by the British at great human cost.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/aug/corps.htm (2185 words)

	Lt Gen(Retd) Satish Nambiar, PVSM, AVSM, Vr.C, Indian Army
		During the Indo-Pak war in 1971, Major Satish Nambiar was in command of a company of Maratha Light Infantry which had established a road block in the Eastern Sector.
		Commissioned in the 1st battalion of the Maratha Light Infantry(the famous Jangi Paltan), Lt Gen Satish Nambiar went on to win a Vir Chakra during the 1971 Indo-Pak war.
		The enemy assaulted the roadblock in strength on 10th December 1971.
	www.geocities.com /siafdu/avc63.html (2185 words)

	THE 1971 INDO-PAK WAR: A Soldier's Narrative by Major Gen. Hakeem Arshad Qureshi
		In most publications concerned with the 1971 war, the political and diplomatic aspects have been in the foreground while the military aspect has been neglected.
		The 1971 India-Pakistan war involved civil insurgency, cross border terrorism, military action, and surrender.
		While West Pakistan viewed this war as a great betrayal by East Pakistan, a potent section of the Bengalis saw it as a war of liberation from an oppressive and brutal political system.
	www.desistore.com /indopakwar.html (2185 words)

	1971 Indo-Pak War
		The tank was lost in the 1965 War, was captured back in the 1971 War, and is now displayed at the East Bengal Regimental Center.
		As in 1965, the main battles in 1971 between armoured formations was relegated to Chamb and Shakargarh sectors - located in the Western Theatre.
		One very interesting situation, had the Tank Squadron of the 7th Light Cavalry recovering one of their own tanks lost to the Pakistan Army during the 1965 War, which was displayed at the East Bengal Regimental Center as a war trophy.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /LAND-FORCES/Army/Patton3.html (2185 words)

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