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	Yom Kippur War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The war began on the day of Yom Kippur with a surprise joint attack by Egypt and Syria crossing the cease-fire lines in the Sinai and Golan Heights, respectively, which had been captured by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War.
		The obvious reason for choosing the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur for staging a surprise attack on Israel was that on this specific day (unlike any other holiday) the country comes to a complete standstill.
		In commemoration of the war, many places in Egypt were named after the October 6 date and Ramadan 10, its equivalent in the Islamic calendar (6th of October city and 10th of Ramadan city).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yom_Kippur_War (8720 words)

	1973 oil crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On October 16th, 1973, as part of the political strategy that included the Yom Kippur War, OAPEC cut production of oil and placed an embargo on shipments of crude oil to the West, with the United States and the Netherlands specifically targeted.
		August 23, 1973 - In prepration for the Yom Kippur War, Saudi King Faisal and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat meet in Riyadh and secretly negotiate an accord whereby the Arabs will use the "oil weapon" as part of the upcoming military conflict.
		The 1973 oil crisis was a major factor in Japan's economy shifting away from oil-intensive industries and resulted in huge Japanese investments in industries like electronics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1973_energy_crisis (4258 words)

	Arab-Israeli War, 1973/ Yom Kippur War
		The Yom Kippur War: Self-Restraint and Constraint, pp 187-237.
		The Yom Kippur War and the Technological Surprises, pp 189-204.
		Soviet Decisionmaking in the Yom Kippur War, 1973, by Galia Golan, pp 185-217.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/yomkw/ykip99.htm (4127 words)

	::The Yom Kippur War of 1973::
		The Yom Kippur War of 1973, the most recent ‘full’ war in Middle East history, is so-called because it began on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), the holiest day of prayer and fasting in the Jewish calendar.
		In October 1973, Sadat had adopted a warlike approach to Arab relations with Israel — he was seen by many Arabs to be the spiritual successor to Nasser and the saviour to the Palestinians in Israel.
		The war also served as a salutary lesson to the Arab nations that surrounded Israel in that initial victories had to be built on.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /yom_kippur_war_of_1973.htm (1205 words)

	The 1973 Yom Kippur War
		Following a cease-fire, the war officially ended on October 22, 1973 but fighting continued on the Egyptian-Israeli front and the U.S. and the Soviet Union were nearly dragged into a full-scale superpower confrontation.
		On October 22, 1973, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 338, calling on all parties to begin "implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 in all its parts" through negotiations.
		Israel withdrew from all the area it had acquired from Syria during the 1973 war in addition to some area gained in 1967.
	www.adl.org /ISRAEL/Record/yomkippur.asp (627 words)

	Background of the Yom Kippur War 1973
		Though the Six Day War cease-fire was broken time and again by the advancement of Egyptian missiles on the Suez Canal front, the peace itself was not shattered until October 1973 by the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War.
		The timing of the OPEC announcement on October 16, 1973, the eleventh day of the Yom Kippur War, of a drastic rise in oil prices to coincide with the imposition of the embargo had the bonus for the Arabs of making it appear that Israel was at the root of the difficulties of the West.
		Therefore, the attacks on Yom Kippur came as a surprise, a shock that put the survival of Israel at risk and shook the confidence of the nation in its military and leaders.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_ykwar_backgd.php (690 words)

	Yom Kippur War- Milchement Yom Kippur - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		Yom Kippur War - (In Hebrew - Mil'hement Yom Kippur> Yom Kippur is pronounced approximately Yohm Kee poor') (Called the October War or the Ramadan War by Arab states).
		The date of October 6, 1973 was chosen to begin the war, supposedly because on that evening the moon would shine from sunset to midnight, thereafter giving total darkness to allow the Egyptians to hid their canal-crossing bridges, and because October 6 promised a minimal difference between high and low tide, facilitating the bridge building.
		In reality, the fact that roads are empty on Yom Kippur and everyone is at home may have facilitated mobilization, but it was an unsettling blow to morale.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/YomKippurWar.htm (6879 words)

	Yom Kippur War: 1973
		The Arab-Israeli War of 1973, also known as the Yom Kippur War or the Ramadan War, was a war between Israel on one side and Egypt and Syria on the other side.
		Thus in spite of Sadat’s threats of war throughout 1972 and much of 1973, Israel’s commanders were unprepared for the October attack of Egypt and Syria.
		The surprise attack on two fronts from Egypt and Syria began on October 6, 1973, which was Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the year for the Jewish people.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/MiddleEast/YomKippurWar.html (807 words)

	Yom Kippur War
		On October 6, 1973, Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), the holiest day on the Jewish religious calendar, Egypt and Syria took advantage of optimal circumstances to launch attacks that took Israel by surprise.
		The war ended on October 24 in a decisive victory for the Israeli Army.
		Another lesson of the war was a renewed awareness of the importance of the Infantry.
	www.israeli-weapons.com /history/yom_kippur_war/YomKippurWar.html (668 words)

	The Yom Kippur War
		Throughout 1972, and for much of 1973, Sadat threatened war unless the United States forced Israel to accept his interpretation of Resolution 242-total Israeli withdrawal from territories taken in 1967.
		On October 6, 1973 — Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar — Egypt and Syria opened a coordinated surprise attack against Israel.
		During the war, an Iraqi division of some 18,000 men and several hundred tanks was deployed in the central Golan and participated in the October 16 attack against Israeli positions.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/73_War.html (853 words)

	Egypt Israel Syria War 1973
		The October 1973 War (known in Israel as the Yom Kippur War and in the Arab world as the Ramadan War) developed rapidly, and the coordinated Egyptian-Syrian offensive caught Israel by surprise.
		Not until the morning of Yom Kippur (October 6), about six hours before the Arab offensive, were Israeli officials convinced that war was imminent; a mobilization of the reserves was then ordered.
		Israel's military victory in 1973 came at a heavy price of more than 2,400 lives and an estimated US$5 billion in equipment, of which more than US$1 billion was airlifted by the United States during the war when it became apparent that Israel's ammunition stores were dangerously low.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/yankee/yomkippur1973.htm (633 words)

	The 1973 Yom Kippur War, a study in Soviet Era Politics
		In fact, the expulsion of the Soviet advisers from Egypt, and the noisy cooling of relations between the two countries, was a cleverly conceived, well-coordinated, impeccably executed hoax; and the Soviet government undertaking to honour the relevant clause in the agreement for détente was a calculated deception.
		Its impact on the Arab-Israeli war itself also was minor, but it could have been serious because of the supine accommodation of most of the governments of Europe to the threats of the Arabs.
		The withholding of arms from Israel during the war, the imposition of the cease-fire - saving both Egypt and Syria from crushing defeat - and then the step-by-step transformation of Israeli victory into defeat, were naked demonstrations of the fulfilment of his promise to the Arab ambassadors on the eve of the war.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~samuel/yomkippur.html (5180 words)

	Israel - Yom Kippur War - A-G
		"That the Yom Kippur War began as a surprise to the IDF was a testament not so much to the ability of the Arab armies to conceal their actions as to the arrogance of the Israeli leadership....
		He, then, develops an alternative methodology, based on the scientific method, which he calls the "critical method." The refined critical methodology is used to analyze the intelligence failure of the Yom Kippur War (the use of hind-sight is acknowledged here), which he attributes to the use of conventional-inductivist logic.
		The author uses three cases studies -- Pearl Harbor (1941), the Chinese attack on India (1962), and the Yom Kippur War (1973) -- to illustrate his point that misunderstanding the enemy's intentions may not be the cause of a nation being "surprised" by an attack.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /israel_folder/israelyomkippur.html (710 words)

	73' War
		The 1973 War was a terrible surprise for Israel.
		By September and October of 1973, when egypt really was preparing for war, it was believed that he really was not, because there had been false alarms in the past.
		The small skirmish off of the syrian coast during the first moves of the Yom Kippur War was a sign of things to come in naval warfare and changed the way that navies saw themselves in their ever-deadlier environment.
	amichai.com /war/process/73war.html (5119 words)

	Course of the Yom Kippur War 1973
		The Yom Kippur War started at noon, October 6, 1973, with a combined assault by Egyptian and Syrian military forces against Israeli positions on the Suez Canal in the south and the Golan Heights in the north, respectively.
		The Arab oil boycott, announced on October 16, 1973, the eleventh day of the war, had an effect on the resupply effort.
		The Yom Kippur War formally ended with the Sinai I and II agreements, negotiated by US Secretary of State Henry Kissenger.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_ykwar_course.php (1319 words)

	The Jewish Eye - The Yom Kippur War
		The Yom Kippur War of 1973 was a pivotal event in Israeli and Middle Eastern history.
		It is not only a significant historical work on the war itself, providing a play-by-play account of the war, but the information contained within its pages is also integral in understanding the mind set of the Arabs and the Israelis at the time of the war.
		The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter that Transformed the Middle East is ideal for the general reader as well as for scholars.
	www.largeprintreviews.com /rabinovich.html (515 words)

	Israel - Yom Kippur War - H-Z
		Handel, Michael I. "The Yom Kippur War and the Inevitability of Surprise." International Studies Quarterly, Sep. 1977: 461-502.
		The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter that Transformed the Middle East.
		However, the conclusion that "the 1973 Arab-Israeli war demonstrated that with their superior surge launch capability the Soviets certainly were at no tactical disadvantage with the US" is probably accurate.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /israel_folder/israelyomkippurh-z.html (884 words)

	The Yom Kippur War 1973
		On the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, Yom Kippur, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in an effort to force Israel to surrender the land gained in 1967.
		Caught by surprise, in the war’s initial days, Israel suffered severe losses of life, military equipment, and territory, abruptly shattering the euphoria the country had experienced since its show of strength in the Six-Day War.
		Following an Egyptian refusal to accept a cease-fire and a Soviet airlift of military equipment to bolster Egyptian forces, the United States sent an airlift to Israel enabling her to recover from the first blow and inflict damage on Egypt and Syria.
	www.adl.org /israel/advocacy/glossary/yom_kippur_war.asp (295 words)

	Arab-Israeli Wars: The 1973–74 War (The Yom Kippur War)
		During 1973 the Arab states, believing that their complaints against Israel were going unheeded (despite the mounting use by the Arabs of threats to cut off oil supplies in an attempt to soften the pro-Israel stance of the United States), quietly prepared for war, led by Egypt's President Anwar
		On Oct. 6, 1973, the Jewish holy day Yom Kippur, a two-pronged assault on Israel was launched.
		After the war Egyptian and Syrian diplomatic relations with the United States, broken since the 1967 war, were resumed, and clearance of the Suez Canal began.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0856669.html (262 words)

	Yom-Kippur War - need info - PakDef Forums
		In the early days of the Yom Kippur war of 1973 and incident occurred which tells a great deal about how the game of nuclear diplomacy is played.
		Dayan himself mentions in his autobiography that he got the final word that war was breaking out from his top spy in Egypt only the day before and that too indicated the wrong timing for the attack, at 1800 hours instead of 1400 hours at which it occured.
		Mount Hermon was captured on the first day of the war by heli borne syrian commandos who captured one of the war's most valuable loot; cutting edge electronic surveillance equipment which was given to the russians.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=2554 (3613 words)

	The Yom Kippur War - CBS News
		Map the shifting boundaries of these warring nations and see who are the key players in the illusive quest for peace.
		The 1973 Yom Kippur War was a conflict that involved not just the three combatant nations, but also the United States and the Soviet Union as behind-the-scenes players.
		An estimated 2,700 Israelis, 3,500 Syrians and 15,000 Egyptians were killed in the Yom Kippur war, which began on Oct. 6, 1973 and ended 19 days later.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2000/10/08/world/main239454.shtml (503 words)

	The 1973 Yom Kippur War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Three years of relative calm along the borders were shattered on Saturday, October 6, 1973.
		It was the holiest day of the Jewish year, Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), when Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise assault against Israel, with the Egyptian army crossing the Suez Canal and Syrian troops penetrating the Golan Heights.
		Egypt crossed the Suez Canal and established themselves on the east bank, while Syria overran the Golan Heights and came within sight of the Sea of Galilee.
	www.angelfire.com /biz/Israelwire/1973.html (178 words)

	Yom Kippur War - 1973 (Yom Kippur War)
		Yom Kippur War - 1973 (Yom Kippur War)
		Israel's Military and civilian efforts to repel the surprise attack by Egyptian and Syrian forces which began October 6th, 1973 are shown through authentic footage.
		A brief sequence examines previous Jewish/Arab Wars (1949, 1956, 1967).
	www.ihffilm.com /362.html (84 words)

	the yom kippur war - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		...Yemen War, the 1967 War, the War of Attrition, and the Yom Kippur War, but rarely are the effects of international conflict...after the 1967 War and the Israeli government after the Yom Kippur War were confronted by a society under the impression...
		The war profoundly enhanced Israels standing...coalition with Egypt in the 1956 Sinai War; the defection of Jordan and Syria during...Sadat, on the eve of the 1973 October War.
		The Two Oclock War: The 1973 Yom Kippur Conflict and the Airlift...McGowan The Two Oclock War: The 1973 Yom Kippur Conflict and the Airlift...97706-4 The October or Yom Kippur War in the Middle East is a milestone...
	www.questia.com /search/the-yom-kippur-war- (1825 words)

	eBay - yom kippur, Nonfiction Books, Antiquarian Collectible items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Yom Kippur Murder by Lee Harris (1992)
		The Yom Kippur War by Abraham Rabinovich (2004)
		The Yom Kippur War by Sir Peter Allen (1982)
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=yom+kippur&newu=1&krd=1 (365 words)

	6 October war1973 - Yom Kippur 1973 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This war happened on 6th of October 1973 when Egypt and Syria declared the war against Israel to restore back the Egyptian and the Syrian lands, which were unrightfully occupied by Israel in 1967, not to assault on others’ rights as it was published on different western and Israeli websites.
		On the economic level, Egypt was suffering from extreme spreading poverty due to the consequent wars and its losses.
		Therefore, regardless of these great people's mistakes which were done unintentionally, or for political reasons, we have to greet them for the great achievement, which have engraved by their hands and souls in the page of our history.
	yom-kippur.tripod.com /eng/main.htm (478 words)

	NPR should atone
		It was unexplained how the Arabs states managed to express their acceptance of Israel by launching an unprovoked war and killing more than 2500 Israelis, among them prisoners who were first cruelly tortured.
		Just as the Hattin campaign was only the beginning of the Crusaders’ defeat, the Ramadan campaign [the 1973 war] is only the beginning of the advance of the Arab nation.
		Instead, Shuster simply skipped up to 1982, informing listeners that Israel made “war on the PLO in Lebanon” in that year, while neglecting to mention the very instructive story of how the PLO came to be in Lebanon, and just what they did when they got there.
	pages.sbcglobal.net /rgold770/YomKippurWar.htm (2565 words)

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