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Topic: 1977 Soviet Constitution

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	1977 Soviet Constitution at AllExperts
		Nevertheless, the 1977 Constitution attempted to avoid frequent amendment by establishing regulations for government bodies in separate, but equally authoritative, enabling legislation, such as the Law on the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1978.
		The Constitutional Oversight Committee, composed of people who were not in the Congress of People's Deputies, was established and given formal power to review the constitutionality of laws and normative acts of the central and republic governments and to suggest their suspension and repeal.
		Unlike bourgeois democratic constitutions, the Soviet Constitution placed limitations on political rights, whereas in bourgeois democratic countries these limitations are usually left up to the federal legislative or judicial systems, or state constitutions and their corresponding executive, legislative and judicial systems.
	en.allexperts.com /e/0/1977_Soviet_Constitution.htm (1408 words)

	ICL - Soviet Union (Former~) - Constitution
		A Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR may not be prosecuted, or arrested, or incur a court-imposed penalty, without the sanction of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR or, between its sessions, of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
		The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR promulgates decrees and adopts decisions.
		The Procurator-General of the USSR is appointed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and is responsible and accountable to it and, between sessions of the Supreme Soviet, to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/r100000_.html (10400 words)

	Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The USSR was born and expanded as a union of Soviet republics formed within the territory of the Russian Empire abolished by the Russian Revolution of 1917 followed by the Russian Civil War of 1918-1921.
		The Soviet Union became the primary model for future Communist states during the Cold War; the government and the political organization of the country were defined by the only permitted political party, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian (colloquially known as Bolshevist Russia), Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
	www.daveproxy.co.uk /cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/687474703a2f2f656e2e77696b6970656469612e6f72672f77696b692f55535352 (4178 words)

	Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
		By Soviet historiography, revolutionary activity in Russia began with the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
		The Soviet Union occupied the eastern portion of the European continent and the northern portion of the Asian continent.
	abcworld.net /Soviet_Union.html (5053 words)

	Soviet Constitution
		The Soviet state is organized and functions on the principle of democratic centralism, namely the electiveness of all bodies of state authority from the lowest to the highest, their accountability to the people, and the obligation of lower bodies to observe the decisions of higher ones.
		(2) Citizens of the USSR are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws, comply with the standards of socialist conduct, and uphold the honor and dignity of Soviet citizenship.
		Soviets of People's Deputies shall function publicly on the basis of collective, free, constructive discussion and decision-making, of systematic reporting back to them and the people by their executive-administrative and other bodies, and of involving citizens on a broad scale in their work.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/m/c/mcw10/Download/SovietConstitution.htm (5507 words)

	Soviet Union at AllExperts
		The USSR was created and expanded as a union of Soviet republics formed within the territory of the Russian Empire abolished by the Russian Revolution of 1917 followed by the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920.
		After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, the Russian Federation claimed to be the legal successor to the Soviet state on the international stage.
		Soviet leaders faced a fundamental dilemma: the strong central controls of the increasingly conservative bureaucracy that had traditionally guided economic development had failed to respond to the complex demands of industry of a highly developed, modern economy.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/so/soviet_union.htm (6810 words)

	The Mirror-Image Fallacy: Understanding the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Soviet llinvasionll of Afghanistan in 1980 and President Carter's surprised indigna tion have revived the Ilcold war.rhetoric,'I at least on the surface and prompted certain retaliatory measures on the part of the U.S been undergoing yet another of its periodic somersaults in the evaluation of Soviet intentions and aims.
		Later he was involved in the World War I1 dealings with the Soviet Union, including the ill-fated Yalta and Teheran conferences In 1953, he was appointed by President Eisenhower as ambassa- dor to the Soviet Union, and he served for three years his retirement in 1969, he published his memoirs (1973).
		Every Soviet-Communist apparatchik knows that, in the words of the 1977 Constitution, the USSR is committed to !'the Leninist foreign policy of peace He also knows, as the West's "useful innocentsIf do not, that this policy is governed on the principle of proletarian-socialist internation 31 Transcript, New York Times, January 30, 1981.
	www.heritage.org /Research/RussiaandEurasia/bg193.cfm (3518 words)

	THE GOAL
		The 1977 Soviet Constitution proclaimed, "In accordance with the interests of the people and in order to strengthen and develop the socialist system, citizens of the USSR are guaranteed freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly, meetings, street processions and demonstrations.
		Many members of the Virginia ratifying convention, to which Madison was a delegate, wanted approval of the Constitution to be contingent on the adoption of amendments to safeguard individual rights.
		Desperate to have his state ratify the Constitution, Madison promised to propose the amendments once the new government was set up.
	www.fee.org /in_brief/default.asp?id=707 (1497 words)

	Articles - Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, Russia claimed to be the legal successor to the Soviet state on the international stage.
		The Soviet Union measured some 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) from Kaliningrad on the in the west to Ratmanova Island (Big Diomede Island) in the Bering Strait, or roughly equivalent to the distance from Edinburgh, Scotland, east to Nome, Alaska.
		Mainly because of differences in birth rates among the Soviet nationalities, the share of the population that was Russian steadily declined in the post-World War II period.
	www.lastring.com /articles/USSR (7169 words)

	Our Soviet Attorney General by Thomas Eddlem
		Gonzales is saying that unless the Constitution explicitly grants all citizens a right, these rights can be taken away by the president — or perhaps even that these rights never existed in the first place.
		The same exact thing could be said of most rights protected by the Constitution: the right to freedom of the press, assembly, religion, the security against unreasonable search and seizure, the guarantee of a jury trial, and so on.
		Moreover, agents of the Soviet state bear less moral culpability because they feared for their own lives and safety if they didn’t violate the rights of citizens.
	www.lewrockwell.com /eddlem/eddlem14.html (947 words)

	KGB ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE FOR STATE SECURITY - Russia / Soviet Intelligence Agencies
		The KGB was originally designated as a "state committee attached to the Council of Ministers." On July 5, 1978, a new law on the Council of Ministers changed the status of the KGB, along with that of several other state committees, so that its chairman was a member of the Council of Ministers by law.
		According to the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Council of Ministers "coordinates and directs" the work of the ministries and state committees, including the KGB.
		The KGB was directed by a chairman--who was formally appointed by the Supreme Soviet but actually was selected by the Politburo-- one or two first deputy chairmen, and several (usually four to six) deputy chairmen.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/kgb/su0514.htm (570 words)

	1977 Constitution of the USSR, Part I
		The Soviet state is organised and functions on the principle of democratic centralism, namely the electiveness of all bodies of state authority from the lowest to the highest, their accountability to the people, and the obligation of lower bodies to observe the decisions of higher ones.
		The Soviet state and all its bodies function on the basis of socialist law, ensure the maintenance of law and order, and safeguard the interests of society and the rights and freedoms of citizens.
		The leading and guiding force of the Soviet society and the nucleus of its political system, of all state organisations and public organisations, is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /russian/const/77cons01.html (2424 words)

	Azerbaijan - The Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The preparation of a new constitution to replace the 1978 document (which had been based on the 1977 Soviet constitution) began in 1992, but adoption has been repeatedly delayed by civil and political turmoil.
		Pending the adoption of a new constitution, the fundamental document in the early 1990s was the October 18, 1991, Act of Independence, which government authorities have described as the basis for a new constitution.
		Meanwhile, the provisions of the 1978 constitution are valid if they do not violate or contradict the Act of Independence.
	countrystudies.us /azerbaijan/33.htm (190 words)

	Washington on the Tigris
		The latest evidence of the advancement of Iraqi freedom is the interim Iraqi constitution, ratified on March 8, and the subject of much crowing among the war cheerleaders of the official Right.
		Conveniently, this paragraph neglects to mention that the foreign government imposing this constitution on the people of Iraq wholeheartedly supported “the previous tyrannical regime” for years and is employing “violence and coercion” in several forms to install this government in Iraq.
		The Iraqi constitution, in Article 17, states precisely the opposite: “It shall not be permitted to possess, bear, buy, or sell arms except on licensure issued in accordance with the law.” Thus, the Iraqi government is free to disarm the entire citizenry.
	www.strike-the-root.com /4/tennant/tennant4.html (2151 words)

	June 3, 1977: Seth's Last Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Wednesday, June 1, 1977 Panama and American negociators announce they have resolved the remaining issues in reaching a new treaty and have drafted the majority of the text.
		Friday, June 3, 1977 United States and Cuba reveal they have signed an agreement to open "interest sections" in both Washington DC and Havana allowing limited diplomatic relations to exist between the two countries.
		Major documents, such as this new constitution in the Soviet Union are common to the charts.
	www.bibletime.com /date/1977/06.03.Trunk/index.html (450 words)

	The Constitution - economic rights and opportunities \| csmonitor.com
		The Constitution, although not an ``economic document,'' was born out of economic necessity.
		Rather, what the US Constitution does do is provide a legal framework for political and individual liberty, within which an individual can take the steps best suited to his or her development - and prosperity.
		The beauty of the American Constitution is that it is not overly detailed in economic terms.
	www.csmonitor.com /1987/0303/econst.html (962 words)

	1977 - Qwika
		Nevertheless, the 1977 Constitution attempted to avoid frequent amendment by...
		1977 Frozen Four The 1977 Frozen Four was held March 24-26, 1977.
		University of New Hampshire University of Wisconsin 1977 was the first year that the Frozen...
	www.qwika.com /find/1977?int=80 (414 words)

	POSC 432/632 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A suggested text, which concentrates on the last years of the Soviet regime is Alfred J. Rieber and Alvin Z. Rubinstein, eds., Perestroika at the Crossroads (1991).
		The 1977 Soviet Constitution (the "Brezhnev Constitution"), Pravda or Izvestiya, October 8, 1977, or Current Digest of the Soviet Press (CDSP), 1977, no. 41, pp.
		Robert Sharlet, "The New Soviet Constitution of 1977," in Hoffmann and Laird, eds., The Soviet Polity in the Modern Era, pp.
	www.udel.edu /poscir/yby/PSOV-syllabus.html (1428 words)

	Post-Soviet and Eastern European Studies Resources
		Constitutions of the Former Republics and Eastern Europe
		The constitutions of the former republics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are all collected here.
		All constitutions have been provided by the embassies of the various republics.
	www.uta.edu /cpsees/p-const1.htm (77 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Eastern Europe Since 1945
		A major collection of documents on Soviet history especially as it relates to Lativia.
		Soviet Statement: Friendship and Co-operation Between the Soviet Union and Other Socialist States, October 30, 1956 [At this Site]
		Shevardnadze, the Soviet foreign minister, had no idea what was going on.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook50.html (566 words)

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