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Topic: 1979 revolution in Iran

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Ayatollah Khomeini

	Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iran's relations with the United States were severely strained after the revolution, especiallly when Iranian students seized US embassy personnel on November 4, 1979, labeling the embassy a "Den of Spies" and accused its personnel of being CIA agents trying to overthrow the revolutionary government.
		Iran is a mosaic of ethnic minorities cemented by the Persian culture.
		From 1950 to 2002 the urban proportion of the population increased from 27% to 60%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iran (7462 words)

	Futurism and Iran's 1979 Revolution
		Whereas in the 1979 Iranian Revolution, although there were some progressive forces on the side of the revolution, but the main forces on the side of the revolution, sought reactionary goals of suppressing individual freedoms, and replacing civil society with an Islamic ommat.
		The 1979 Revolution symbolized the reactionary response to the crisis of industrial society, in absence of futurist social and political forces, to lead an alternative development towards a post-industrial society for Iran.
		Iran being the cradle of the first major reactionary revolution of our times, means that freeing Iran from the Islamic Republic nightmare, and moving towards the future, offers the best example for the world, as to how to overcome major pre-industrial setbacks and to go towards a post-industrial society.
	www.ghandchi.com /355-Iran1357Eng.htm (1581 words)

	Iranian Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iranian Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a constitutional monarchy, under Shah (King) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to a populist theocratic Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
		The Iraqi invasion of Iran would be launched under the pretext of a call for aid from Iranian loyalist officers plotting their own uprising on July 9, 1980 (codenamed Nojeh, after Shahrokhi/Nojeh air base in Hamedan).
		The Iranian revolution is credited by many historians as launching an era of Islamic radicalism, with subsequent Islamic movements such as Hezbollah and Al Qaeda seen as influenced by the notion of a "revolution" to bring about a pure Islamic state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_Revolution (4468 words)

	Religious Background of the 1979 Revolution in Iran
		The intensity of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the suddenness with which it appeared "out of the blue" surprised many people both in Iran itself and in the rest of the world.
		As economic conditions in Iran in the 1970s deteriorated, political repression became more pronounced, and Western influence increasingly penetrated Iranian society, the people increasingly turned to the ulama in their traditional role as the spokesmen of and intercessors for the masses.
		It was perhaps the misfortune of the late Shah of Iran to experience the effects of a point in time when all three factors were moving powerfully in the direction of social action and against his government.
	bahai-library.com /?file=momen_encyclopedia_background_revolution (5231 words)

	Class Analysis of the Iranian Revolution of 1979
		In particular, discussions of the 1979 Revolution have failed to recognize i) the role of internecine conflict within the ranks of capitalist appropriators, and ii) the importance of ancient (or self-exploiting) direct producers and their allied agents in the collapse of the monarchist regime.
		In so far as Iran was a capitalist social formation, with a significant presence of self-exploitation, under the monarchist regime, it remained such a social formation after the 1979 Revolution, although the trajectory of change may have been altered.
		The Shah, his ministers, and advisers remained committed to land reform, partly because the 1949 Chinese revolution remained a potent symbol during the 1960s and the monarchist regime was convinced that the so-called peasantry must be pacified.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/iran.htm (3484 words)

	Iran Revolution 1978-1979
		On January 16, 1979, in what was officially described as a "vacation," the Shah fled Iran.
		On November 4, 1979, supporters of the revolution took control of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, seized 66 U.S. citizens there and at the foreign ministry, and, with the exception of 14 who were granted early release and despite the death of the Shah on July 27, 1980, held them hostage until January 20, 1981.
		A move toward the latter was facilitated with the resumption of diplomatic ties between Iran and the United Kingdom on September 27, 1990, despite the fatwa (religious edict) issued by Khomeini 18 months earlier calling for the death of the British author Salman Rushdie, whose novel The Satanic Verses (1988) was considered blasphemous to Islam.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/india/iran1978.htm (940 words)

	Religious Background of the 1979 Revolution in Iran
		There were, of course, many and varied factors and we are probably still too close to the event to be able to make any meaningful assessment of their relative importance, but I think we can at least begin to list these and discuss them.
		I have shown how each of these three themes had their origins in the earliest days of Islam and how they culminated by playing a major role in the 1979 Revolution.
		There is some doubt as to whether he personally issued it but, if he did not, he certainly made no effort to renounce it when it was published.
	www.bahai-library.com /?file=momen_encyclopedia_background_revolution (5231 words)

	Index of Economic Freedom 2006 - Iran
		Iran's economy was crippled by the 1979 Islamic revolution, the Iran–Iraq war, and widespread economic mismanagement.
		Iran's trade policy score is 2 points worse this year, and its capital flows and foreign investment score is 1 point worse.
		According to the World Bank, Iran's weighted average tariff rate in 2004 was 14.8 percent, up from the 3.1 percent in 2000 reported in the 2005 Index, based on World Bank data.
	www.heritage.org /research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Iran (1000 words)

	Women and Revolution in Iran \| libcom.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Every segment of the population had been totally involved in ridding Iran of its twin nemeses--the Shah and U.S. imperialism--and it seemed to be the eve of the greatest revolution since 1917.
		What the study also showed was the possibility of a revolution bursting out in a technologically backward country ahead of one that was not only technologically advanced, but one that had a great mass Social Democratic party.(2)...
		On the 1848 Revolutions and Marx's critique of Ferdinand Lassalle.
	www.libcom.org /library/women-revolution-iran-dunyevskaya (1438 words)

	Iran News Watch
		Iran is only interested in the fate of the Palestinian territories to the extent that it involves the humiliation or worse of Israel; the fortunes of Palestinians as a nation-in-waiting or individual Palestinians are of as much interest to Tehran as they are to Israel-lobby hardliners in Washington.
		Iran's known nuclear sites are dispersed, while others may be hidden; a military strike might set back its nuclear ambitions, but would be unlikely to end and may well redouble them.
		Iran's oil industry is nationalized and President Ahmadinejad has not fulfilled his campaign promise of sharing Iran's petro-wealth with the people.
	www.irannewswatch.com (6392 words)

	Tthornton :Civil War in Lebanon, Revolution in Iran, Intifada ('Uprising') in Palestine, 1974-1989
		In February, 1979, Egypt's President Anwar Sadat, echoing the call of Ali Abd al-Raziq in 1925, provoked strong criticism when he called for the separation of religion and politics, a position deemed un-Islamic by many Muslims, especially the fundamentalists who called for the establishment of an Islamic state and the application of Islamic (sharia) law.
		On November 4, 1979, the American embassy in Tehran was seized by Iranian students (some of whom were graduates of American universities) with the full support of the revolutionary forces and 63 U.S.
		Still flush from their successful revolution in 1979, Iran's Shiite clergy flexed their muscles challenging Saudi Arabia's preeminence in the Muslim world (the Saudi's supreme status had been firm since 1969, but had endured an initial challenge in 1979 when, following Iran's Islamic revolution, the Great Mosque in Mecca had been attacked by dissidents).
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/war_in_lebanon.htm (8497 words)

	1979 unjust revolution in IRAN
		Iran has been directly linked to terrorist training camps in Lebanon and the Sudan, and has assisted groups trying to overthrow the governments of Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia.
		On December 7, 1979, Prince Shahriar Shafiq, the Shah's nephew, Princess Ashraf's second son, was walking on a Parisian street carrying groceries home to his sister's apartment when he was shot in the back of the head.
		On March 4, 1996, Molavi Abdul-Malek, the 45-year old son of Iran's most prominent Sunni cleric, was murdered by two gunmen in a taxi as he was leaving his house in Karachi, Pakistan.
	farrid.20m.com /sr.html (3226 words)

	iranian.com: Revolution
		Soon after the Islamic revolution in 1979, led by Khomeini, only the austere fl was allowed to decorate the streets of the Iranian capital.
		Clientelism in Iran is linked to Shiism, as well as to a rentier state, and to the revolution, which resulted in many autonomous groups formed in patron – client bonds...
		Within a couple of years after the revolution, after the religious bosses moved to solidify their power by excluding the younger generation, there was a revolt and in turn a purge that led to the death, torture, and imprisonment of thousands and thousands of the most bright and the most conscientious young people of Iran.
	www.iranian.com /revolution.html (1756 words)

	Iran & Saudi Arabia: Monarchies & Islamism
		It was a total reactionary direction of the 1979 revolution which developed by the strong presence of Islamists, thanks to Shah's blocking of any democratic organization in the three decades prior to the 1979 Revolution.
		In contrast, many who supported the Iranian 1979 Revolution forgot about asking what ideals that revolution was seeking, and supported it just because it was a revolution to overthrow the dictatorial and corrupt system of the Shah, and not because the revolution was seeking progressive and democratic ideals, which it was not.
		But Iran having been the cradle of the first major reactionary revolution of our times, means that freeing Iran from this nightmare and moving towards the future will be the best example for the world as to how to go towards a post-industrial society.
	www.ghandchi.com /157-Saudi.htm (1781 words)

	History of Iran: Islamic Revolution of 1979
		Khamenei was one of the founders of the Islamic Republican Party, which dominated the Majlis (the national legislature) after the 1979 revolution.
		He was appointed to the Council of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the Majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the Revolutionary Guard, and representative on the Supreme Council of Defense.
		He is considered to be reformist towards democratization of Iran's society and willing to normalize the relation with west and reduce tensions in the region.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/islamic_revolution/islamic_revolution.php (817 words)

	Iran before 1979 revolution
		iran before 1979 revolution, and latest lore could be viewed.
		Further, www.find-iran.com can clarify for you concerning iran before 1979 revolution and the complete area surrounding Iran and iran before 1979 revolution.
		Iran images are licensed from World66.com under, and are hereby subject to, the Creative Commons License.
	www.find-iran.com /Iran-Churches/iran-before-1979-revolution.html (149 words)

	Abolished monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The monarchy in the Thirteen Colonies that became the United States of America was abolished in 1776 when they unilaterally declared their independence from Great Britain.
		That of Ireland was not abolished when Ireland became independent of the United Kingdom in the 1920s, but was abolished by the Republic of Ireland Act of 1948, which came into force in 1949.
		That of Egypt was abolished after a coup d'état in 1952, that of Iran was abolished by the Islamic revolution of 1979.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abolished_monarchy (577 words)

	1979 islamic revolution in iran
		1979 islamic revolution in iran, and much additional information is available here.
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	www.find-iran.com /Iran-Provinces/1979-islamic-revolution-in-iran.html (192 words)

	UNC author of "The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran" available to comment on 25th anniversary of the Iranian ...
		A look back at the remarkable and unexpected events of 1979 leading to the replacement of the shah's monarchy with an Islamic republic may provide insights into the uncertainty and volatility of today's world.
		Charles Kurzman, associate professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and author of "The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran" (forthcoming in April by Harvard University Press) is available to comment on lessons learned by the dramatic events associated with the 1979 revolution.
		Using recently published documents from Iran, as well as interviews with participants in the revolution and other eyewitness sources, Kurzman focuses on the uncertainty, the rumors and the danger that Iranians felt in 1977-79.
	www.unc.edu /news/newstips/2004/kurzman012904.html (387 words)

	The Hostage Crisis in Iran
		On November 4, 1979, Iranian militants stormed the United States Embassy in Tehran and took approximately seventy Americans captive.
		Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, began his reign in 1941, succeeding his father, Reza Khan, to the throne.
		When the Shah came to America for cancer treatment in October, the Ayatollah incited Iranian militants to attack the U.S. On November 4, the American Embassy in Tehran was overrun and its employees taken captive.
	www.jimmycarterlibrary.org /documents/hostages.phtml (405 words)

	First time loaned artifacts to be returned to Iran since 1979 revolution - Persian Journal Culture Archaeological ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 300 tablets, made of clay and impressed in cuneiform, record administrative details of the Persian heartland from about 500 B.C. They are among a group of tens of thousands of tablets and tablet fragments that were loaned to the University's Oriental Institute in 1937 to be studied.
		The institute has resumed work in collaboration with colleagues in Iran, and the return of the tablets is part of a broadening of contacts between scholars in the two countries, said Gil Stein, Director of the Oriental Institute.
		A delegation headed by Stein will return the tablets to Iran in early May, where they will be received by officials of the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization.
	www.iranian.ws /cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/2184 (1299 words)

	With Iran divided over the US, is the age of revolution over? - [Sunday Herald]
		BACK in the age of revolution, it represented the impassioned soundtrack to the tidal wave of Islamic, anti-Western fervour sweeping the nation.
		The event was the weekly Friday prayer session at Tehran University, setting – ever since the 1979 revolution – for Iran’s ruling religious Mullahs to exhort the masses to new heights of worship in the quest for a brave new Islamic utopia.
		Friday prayers at Tehran University were once at the epicentre of the revolution, the weekly event to which the nation’s militant youth turned in readiness to meet the latest demands for religious purity.
	www.sundayherald.com /48823 (520 words)

	Enlaces : Regional : Middle_East : Iran : Society_and_Culture : History : Iranian_Revolution :: DivulC@T.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Class Analysis of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 - Article by Satya J. Gabriel..
		In Defence of Marxism - The Iranian Revolution - 1979 article by Ted Grant detailing the overthrow of the Shah..
		The Religious Background of the 1979 Revolution in Iran - Essay by Moojan Momen..
	www.divulcat.com /recursos/enlaces/Regional/Middle_East/Iran/Society_and_Culture/History/Iranian_Revolution (257 words)

	Elham Foroutan: ZoomInfo Business People Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A 19-year-old Iranian journalist, Elham Foroutan, risks the death penalty for a satirical article in which she compares the Islamic revolution in Iran to the AIDS virus.
		In the piece, Foroutan compares the Islamic revolution to the spread of the AIDS virus, saying that it "arrived in Iran in 1979", the year of the revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeni.
		In the piece, Foroutan compares the Islamic revolution to the spread of the AIDS virus, saying that it "arrived in Iran in 1979", the year of the revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Foroutan_Elham_930578022.htm (320 words)

	First U.S. Poll of Iran since 1979 Revolution
		Abu Dhabi Television commissioned Zogby International to conduct a poll of Iran voters prior to the nation’s June 8 election.
		The Abu Dhabi/Zogby International Poll was conducted on Sunday and Monday (June 3-4) among 500 voters in Iran.
		All interviews were conducted face-to-face by experienced nationals in Iran using a survey instrument developed by Zogby International in conjunction with Abu Dhabi Television.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jun/1023.html (1052 words)

	Islamic Revolution of Iran?? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It has been observed that in various countries representatives of this sect from Iran have firmly planted their roots and begun their propagation of falsehood.
		The second and more dangerous ploy of the Shias is to exploit these very instincts of revolution and rapid change rampant especially in the hearts of our youth.
		The 1979 revolution of Iran by Khomeini is portrayed as an Islamic revolution and cited as a glowing example of the type of Islamic courage and defiance of the West which the Muslims so much desire.
	www.jamiat.org.za /is_iran.html (956 words)

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