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Topic: 1980s Recession

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	The real reasons why it was the 1990s recession we had to have - Business
		I believe that the financial excesses of the 1980s reached such a scale that the 1990 recession was inevitable.
		During the recession, GDP fell by 1.7 per cent, employment by 3.4 per cent and the unemployment rate rose to 10.8 per cent.
		The recession happened because of the unwinding of the excesses of the 1980s, the international recession of the early 1990s and the high interest rates.
	www.theage.com.au /news/business/the-real-reasons-why-it-was-the-1990s-recession-we-had-to-have/2006/12/01/1164777791623.html (2078 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1980s - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Political events and trends of the 1980s culminated in the toppling of military governments and authoritarian regimes, including every communist Warsaw Pact state in Central and Eastern Europe and the downfall of the military juntas of Brazil, Chile and Argentina, bringing to a close the decades-long Cold War.
		The 1980s is also generally considered to be the transition between the industrial and information ages, seeing rapid developments in numerous sectors of technology which have defined the modern consumer world.
		Children born in the 1980s are likely to have an extremely prominent position in world business and government affairs from the 2020s all the way through to the 2050s due to their immense population, potential voting powers, relatively good health, and high life expectancy.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1980s.htm (2602 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Recession (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A recession may also involve falling prices, which can lead to a depression; alternatively it may involve sharply rising prices (inflation), in which case this process is known as stagflation.
		Recessions are mostly caused by external economic shocks, or the unwinding of major imbalances in the economy.
		The greatest worldwide recession that humanity has ever experienced was the beginning of the Great Depression (late 1920s and 1930s); other notable recessions include the two Oil Crises in the 1970s and the Long Depression of the late nineteenth century.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Recession (833 words)

	1980s - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Political events and trends of the 1980s culminated in the toppling of military governments and authoritarian regimes, including every communist Warsaw Pact state in Central and Eastern Europe and the downfall of the military juntas of Chile and Argentina, bringing to a close the decades-long Cold War.
		The 1980s is also generally considered to be the transition between the industrial and information ages along with the 1990s, seeing rapid developments in numerous sectors of technology which have defined the modern consumer world.
		Children born in the 1980s are likely to have an extremely prominent position in world business and government affairs from the 2020s all the way through to the 2050s due to their immense population, potential voting powers, relatively good health, and high life expectancy.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/1980s (2603 words)

	Return of the Supply-Siders
		Perhaps the supply-siders' most notable prediction in the early 1980s was that the drop in marginal tax rates, plus the enactment of individual retirement accounts and other tax incentives, would lead to a savings and investment explosion.
		Finally, the job growth of the 1980s was not the result of increased work effort caused by lower marginal tax rates; the new jobs were largely second jobs, or new working spouses, because more families were forced to generate second incomes in order to maintain living standards.
		Supply-siders claim that, because tax revenues as a share of GDP remained constant during the 1980s, the deficits were caused by the absence of significant spending cuts and not by the tax cuts.
	www.wright.edu /~tran.dung/supside.htm (946 words)

	Boyer Lectures - 3December2006 - Lecture 4: The Recession of 1990 and its Legacy
		In earlier recessions, all the policies and all the government rhetoric were pointed towards re-expanding the economy as quickly as possible and reassuring the public that all efforts were being made to cushion the blow.
		In the 1990s recession, while the budget moved into deficit and interest rates were reduced, these moves took place in a measured fashion, and by 1991 all the government and Reserve Bank rhetoric was about the once-in-a-generation opportunity to return Australia to being a low inflation economy.
		It is significant that in March 1991, in the middle of the recession, the government was prepared to announce a further phased reduction in tariffs, a move that would reduce inflation but do nothing to support the economy.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/boyerlectures/stories/2006/1769927.htm (4325 words)

	Chapter 4: Human Resource Development and Nutrition
		In the 1980s, the percentage of government expenditure allocated to health was generally in the range of 20% to 6% - the latter in Brazil, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Thailand.
		In the 1980s, an emphasis on rural development led to the primary health care section of the Ministry of Public Health budget increasing from 49% in 1981 to 55% in 1988 as compared to the allocation of secondary and tertiary health care which decreased from 52% to 46% in the same period.
		The government prioritized maternal health in the 1980s, and the results can be seen in the marked decline in the maternal mortality rate from 270 per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 37 in 1988.
	www.unsystem.org /scn/archives/npp15/ch07.htm (6563 words)

	Extended Unemployment in California - FRBSF Economic Letter (02/28/2003)
		This is due in large part to the state's sensitivity to past economic shocks: during the recessions of the early 1970s and early 1990s, the unemployment rate rose more in California than in the nation as a whole and remained at elevated levels for several years.
		These two recessions had not only a cyclical component but also an important structural component in California, which was due to the adverse impacts of federal defense spending cuts on the state's aerospace industry.
		By contrast, the early 1980s recession had a limited structural component for the state, so California's unemployment rate tracked the national rate very closely in the 1980s.
	www.frbsf.org /publications/economics/letter/2003/el2003-05.html (1636 words)

	Philippines - MSN Encarta
		This problem was compounded by a worldwide recession in the early 1980s.
		The recession resulted in less demand for Philippine manufactures, and the economy moved into a deep recession in the mid-1980s.
		During the economic recession of the 1980s, many of the crony enterprises experienced severe financial difficulties.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558570_6/Philippines.html (1548 words)

	The Black Commentator - Black Job Loss DéjàVu - Issue 95
		The recession of 2001 — and the historically inadequate "recovery" since — has again brought about a catastrophic loss of jobs, especially in manufacturing, and once again African Americans have lost out disproportionately.
		The 2001 recession was hard on African American workers both in relation to earlier recessions and in relation to white workers.
		The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that during the recession of 1973 to 1974, 60% to 70% of laid-off workers were African-American in areas where they were only 10% to 12% of the workforce.
	www.blackcommentator.com /95/95_black_jobs.html (2198 words)

	Definition of Late 1980s recession
		The recession of the late nineteen-eighties was a economic recession that hit much of the world beginning in 1987.
		According to the economists' definition of a recession, two quarters of negative growth, the late eighties recession only covered a brief period in 1987, and another in 1990.
		While Canada enjoyed a brief recovery in 1994 the recession is believed to have lasted longer there due to the gross fiscal mismanagement of the Mulroney government and the stress placed on the economy by the spectre of Quebec separatism.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Late_1980s_recession (676 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Late 1980s recession
		By measures such as unemployment and public perception, the North American economy was in recession continuously for years after 1987, with only brief periods of revival.
		In Australia, Paul Keating, the Australian Federal Treasurer during this recession, referred to it as the "recession we had to have." This quote became a cornerstone of the opposition Liberal Party's campaign during the 1993 election, designed to underscore alleged mismanagement of the national economy by the incumbent Labor Party.
		Perhaps the most lasting result of the recession was its impact on Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Late_1980s_recession (620 words)

	Why the recession was good for us - Business - Business - smh.com.au
		During the recession GDP fell by 1.7 per cent and the unemployment rate rose to 10.8 per cent.
		My reading of the many variables by which you could judge the depth of recessions is that most show it to be less severe than the 1982 recession, and somewhat similar to those of 1961 and 1974.
		But once it was apparent that the recession was going to happen, it was reasonably quickly realised that there was an opportunity to achieve something of lasting value out of the unfortunate events.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2006/12/01/1164777795744.html?from=rss (2085 words)

	QWES
		During a recession or a jobless recovery, when the economy is generating too little job growth, the number of people coming into the labor force can slow, as some individuals decide not to compete for scarce job openings.
		In the recession of the early 1980s, service employment was up 7% over the comparable period, and female employment rates were up slightly as well, by 0.7 percentage points.
		Both of these cases differ from the pattern in early 1980s recession, wherein the largest declines were experienced by those with the least education.
	www.epinet.org /content.cfm/qwes_qwes (1051 words)

	Chapter 7: Conclusions
		Although all these countries achieved high economic growth rates in both the 1970s and 1980s (except Malaysia in parts of the 1980s), in each case the nutritional improvement surpassed what would have been predicted from such economic growth alone.
		As far as nutrition is concerned, as with other social outcomes, economic growth is a means not an end: it represents the potential both privately and publicly for something to be done to improve the situation - a potential that may or may not be fulfilled.
		Both countries become self-sufficient in rice in the 1980s and by 1986 Thailand was the world's largest rice exporter.
	www.unsystem.org /scn/archives/npp15/ch10.htm (2892 words)

	Another Lost Decade? Latin America's Growth Failure Continues into the 21st Century, by Mark Weisbrot and David ...
		The 1980s were known as the "lost decade" for Latin America, with income per person, the most basic measure of economic well-being, actually shrinking from 1980-1989.
		The 1980s were known as the "lost decade" for Latin America, with income per person, the most basic measure of economic well-being, actually shrinking (by 3.1%) from 1980-1989.
		Of course the U.S. and world recession of 1980-82 could explain the onset of the slowdown for Latin America, but the prolonged slump over more than two decades indicates that some structural and policy changes are at work.
	www.cepr.net /publications/latin_america_2003_11.htm (3382 words)

	David Richards / Land Markets and Business Cycles in the UK and Australia / Part 1
		Assuming that the early 1980s recession was different in both countries, the subsequent recession came 16-17 years later in both.
		That had been the source of the 1991 recession in which the debts incurred during the property speculation and spending spree of 1988-89 in the personal and company sectors were having to be worked out by reduced borrowing and increased saving.
		In Britain, which had a similar 15% value-added tax throughout the 1980s while the personal savings ratio declined from 13% (1980) to 5% (1988), economists are increasingly aware of the need to take physical asset prices into consideration in their models, as well as financial assets.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /richards_land_markets_uk_and_au_01.html (9639 words)

	[No title]
		Periodic recessions are a natural part of any nation’s economic cycle.
		Find out exactly what a recession is, how it happens and what factors can turn it around.
		A recession is traditionally defined in macroeconomics as a decline in a country's
	www.howstuffworks.com /search2.php?pg=&server=www.howstuffworks.com&terms=recession (625 words)

	The UCLA Anderson Forecast
		While acknowledging that an economy slowed to a 1% growth rate could slip further, the Forecast notes rather ironically that their near recession forecast “can be viewed somewhat optimistically.”
		Mitchell argues that there are several important lessons current policy makers can learn from this history, so that we hopefully are not doomed to repeat it.
		In recessions we have negative economic growth, and in recoveries we rack up pluses.
	uclaforecast.com (638 words)

	Composite Index: A New Measure of El Paso's Economy - Business Frontier - FRB Dallas
		In the late 1980s, NBER economists James Stock and Mark Watson developed new composite indexes of coincident and leading indexes for the nation.[1] The main contribution of their research was the use of a statistical technique called the Kalman filter, which estimated the optimal weights on the component indicators.
		Historically, El Paso has followed the nation's downturns: the oil recessions of the 1980s, the long period of stagnation in the early 1990s, and the current recessions and slow recovery, under way since early 2001.
		The combination of national recession and a strong dollar took a serious toll on the U.S. industrial sector, and manufacturing was by far the most seriously damaged of all sectors during the current downturn.
	www.dallasfed.org /research/busfront/bus0301.html (2048 words)

	Unions and the Emerging Bargaining Climate (Nov. 8, 2001)
		The U.S. labor movement is facing the toughest bargaining climate since the 1980s.
		The recession that was evolving before September 11 has hit with hurricane-like force.
		While close to half of the October cuts can be attributed to the events of Sept. 11, the combination of the already brewing recession and terrorist economic fallout are now indistinguishable.
	www.laborresearch.org /print.php?id=20 (1596 words)

	Kenai Peninsula Borough 1992 Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2
		During the first half of the 1980s, the Kenai Peninsula Borough was the second‑fastest growing county (borough) in the United States with an average annual population growth rate close to 8 percent.
		Projections made during the early 1980s anticipated the impact of population growth from natural resources development.
		The effects of the mid‑1980s recession on construction and transportation are dramatically portrayed by the difference in employment for these sectors between 1985 and subsequent years.
	www.borough.kenai.ak.us /planningdept/plan/chapter2/popandeconomy.htm (2973 words)

	Japan Ecomony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This type of recession is unlike other recessions in that the inventory cycle is not the key driver.
		Although a large number of policy makers in Japan are becoming aware of the concept of balance sheet recession (largely because of my frequent TV appearances with key policy makers), it is still an extremely new concept in the economics profession not just in Japan but in the world.
		However, not realizing that this recession is fundamentally different from the usual recession, the US policy makers are not likely to apply the fiscal stimulus in a consistent and pro-active fashion.
	www.business-in-asia.com /japan_economy.html (2355 words)

	Malaysian Economic Growth 1981 - 1998
		The stupendous policies resulted in a massive build-up of debt and saving investment deficits, which was aggravated by a badly managed monetary policy that generated an unsustainable appreciation of exchange rates in the period 1981-84.
		Much of the burden was borne by oil and timber exports which off-set falling plantation commodity prices and a crash in the tin mining industry in the early 1980s.
		The share of foreign investment in gross domestic investment rose from around 10 percent in the 1980s to 24 percent in the 1990s.
	members.tripod.com /~harundin/economy.htm (2277 words)

	Brian Easton » THE MILLENNIUM DEPRESSION?
		(Not, you understand, that they had identified the recession earlier.) The point is their employers and clients are so desperately needing an expansion, that they believe it must happen.
		In the short time between when I wrote the column and when it was published, sentiment among the informed definitely moved towards the notion that the US was in a double-dipper recession.
		Perhaps I should add that I am still cautious as to whether there is a double-dipper recession, that is a downswing followed by a weak recovery, and then another plunge.
	www.eastonbh.ac.nz /article174.html (2194 words)

	2002 Budget Analysis: P&I, Perspectives on the Economy and Demographics
		The current recession is expected to have a peak-to-trough decline in jobs of roughly 1 percent (about 145,000 jobs), with the subsequent recovery starting about five quarters following the onset of the recession.
		The early 1980s' recession was slightly longer and the job losses were much more severe than the current recession.
		However, the recovery from this recession was much stronger than the current projected upturn, as falling interest rates and a major defense buildup led to a surge in jobs and income in the mid-1980s.
	www.lao.ca.gov /analysis_2002/2002_pandi/pi_part_2_anl02.html (4634 words)

	Friedman Predicts Resumption of Economic Growth \| Daily Policy Digest \| NCPA
		In the U.S., unemployment reached 25 percent at the trough of the Great Depression -- during Japan's 1980s recession unemployment never exceeded single digits.
		The three bull markets in stock likewise display remarkable similarities -- although the subsequent decline was much less in Japan in the 1990s than in the U.S. in the 1930s.
		Friedman the current recession will be mild and expansion will soon resume.
	www.ncpa.org /sub/dpd/index.php?page=article&Article_ID=7234 (323 words)

	Climate Change Policies, the Distribution of Income, and U.S. Living Standards (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For example, the high unemployment rates and recession in the late 1970s and early 1980s caused those in the lowest quartiles to receive a smaller share of income; thus, the GINI coefficient rose (see fl bar).
		This is as it should be, of course, because the distributional effects of the 1980s recession were noticed by nearly everyone and documented in the professional and popular press.
		The strong qualitative conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the economic consequences of policies designed to restrict carbon emissions severely over the relatively near term are not to be taken lightly.
	www.accf.org /publications/reports/sr-ccp-dist1996.html (1877 words)

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