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Topic: 1981 in video gaming

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	Half-Real: A Dictionary of Video Game Theory
		In a video game, the state of the game is kept in the RAM of the computer.
		Games are characterized by the fact that the activity in itself is mostly harmless, but that the outcome of the game can be negotiated to lead more serious consequences (such as the exchange of money).
		The outcome of a game is quantifiable, meaning that it is meant to be clear whether the outcome was one or another; who won the game (Salen and Zimmerman 2004, 96).
	www.half-real.net /dictionary (3704 words)

	AtariAge - Atari 2600 History
		The games were very well received by the public, and revealed that the Atari 2600 was capable of better games than Atari themselves had been producing.
		By 1981, the video game industry was basically a horse race between the 2600 and the Intellivision.
		A video game crash was occurring, and all companies were taking it on the chin.
	www.atariage.com /2600/?SystemID=2600 (1443 words)

	The Video Game Revolution: History of Gaming \| PBS
		Mario made his debut in Donkey Kong in 1981, but his name then was "Jumpman".
		Over the past 30 years, video games have become an integral part of our culture, and the video game industry has become a multi-billion dollar behemoth.
		Believe it or not, video games trace their roots all the way back to 1952.
	www.pbs.org /kcts/videogamerevolution/history/index.html (93 words)

	Classic Gaming at the American Museum of the Moving Image - Gaming Age
		Some of the most popular games of the era--sure to induce nostalgia in those who were teenagers between 1974 and 1984, and provide a history lesson to those who have come of age in the era of the Game Boy and the Playstation--are resurrected in BLIP.
		The playable games offered in BLIP date from the late 1970s to the mid '80s, when the video arcade game infiltrated popular culture beginning with the release of dozens of space-battle games such as Space Invaders and Asteroids.
		The latter game attracted not only Space Invaders pros but also businesspeople on lunch breaks and was so popular that arcade operators had to install larger coin boxes to hold all the quarters collected.
	www.gaming-age.com /news/2004/2/5-19 (656 words)

	OJR article: Ethics in Video Game Journalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Starting with the simple Pong game three decades ago and evolving into lavishly drawn interactive epics, the scale of games and the size of their audience has grown exponentially, with sales in the billions of dollars and major multinational corporations clamoring for a piece of the action.
		One game on display, Rainbow Six 3, included a portion modeled after part of the Presidio -- we were going to play that level in real life.
		Game publishers trust certain publications to handle their upcoming games with this kid-glove approach.
	www.ojr.org /ojr/ethics/1049994303.php (1549 words)

	Open Directory - Games: Video Games: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Classic Arcade Gaming - Classic Arcade Gaming chronicles the history of the golden age of coin-op video gaming including the games, players, contests, and scores.
		Video Game Database - Video game database is a searchable database of all games for all systems that is continually being updated by gamers.
		Video Games - A personal story of the early video game history.
	dmoz.org /Games/Video_Games/History (1502 words)

	'Boise, Idaho - Video Game Capital of the world ?' article @ Classic Arcade Gaming (dot ...
		Athens is known for the Olympic Games and Cooperstown is known for the Baseball Hall of Fame.
		But, Julia Roether, a spokeswoman for the video game company Nintendo, said Twin Galaxies is well-known in the video game industry and has the ability to draw competitors and spectators to Boise.
		Billy Mitchell, a world-famous video game player, is pictured in 1999 in Tokyo with Masaya Nakamura, the father of Pac-Man. Mitchell is known for scoring Pac-Man's first perfect game.
	www.classicarcadegaming.com /news/Boise (1288 words)

	Wikipedia's List of Commercial Failures - Kotaku
		While gaming's successes are fun to play, the abject failures are more fun to talk about.
		The game employed a unique but unwieldy interface in which the player controlled Anne's right arm and had to look down at a tattoo on her breast to determine her health level (not very practical in a combat situation).
		It was originally in one of those old Atari packages with the not at all misleading message like "84 Video Games!" on it because you could game select and change some tiny detail of the game.
	www.kotaku.com /gaming/wikipedia/wikipedias-list-of-commercial-failures-192713.php (723 words)

	Open Directory - Games:Video Games:Console Platforms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Video game console system that is actually a PC optimized to play PC Games.
		The Indrema video game console uses the Linux operating system, and is being promoted as an all-in-one home entertainment system.
		Nintendo is the name of the leading video game company; it has created some of the best selling games ever, including the Mario, Pokemon, and Zelda series.
	dmoz.org /Games/Video_Games/Console_Platforms/desc.html (3001 words)

	Locus Online: Lucius Cook on Games
		Science fiction in electronic games is nothing new; many of the arcade games of the medium's "Golden Age" (1977-84), such as Space Invaders, Asteroids, Defender, and Missile Command, utilize familiar scenarios such as alien invasions or global thermonuclear war as a backdrop.
		was the first video game to capture widespread attention within the burgeoning programmer community of the mid-1960s.
		Computer games had arrived at last, but in the process had lost their genre roots; Doom's forebears weren't Smith or Tolkien, but Aliens and Evil Dead, and the games that followed in its wake, like Duke Nukem, Quake, and Unreal, were less concerned with storytelling than arresting visuals.
	www.locusmag.com /2004/Reviews/12_Cook_On_Gaming.html (2438 words)

	[No title]
		Wells-Gardner Electronics Corp. is a global distributor and manufacturer of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), color video monitors and other related distribution products for a variety of markets including, but not limited to, gaming machine manufacturers, casinos, coin-operated video game manufacturers and other display integrators.
		The company's primary business is the distribution, design, manufacture, assembly, service and marketing of electronic components which consist of CRT video color monitors and LCD video color monitors, gaming supplies and components and the bonding of touch sensors to video monitors.
		These video products, gaming parts and services accounted for all of the company's revenue in 2005, 2004 and 2003.
	www.amex.com /equities/listCmp/EqLCCmpDesc.jsp?Product_Symbol=WGA&listedYear=1981 (273 words)

	Download the first 100 issues of Computer Gaming World free! » Netscape.com
		Video Games – You know Yngwie isn't playing messing around with some plastic toy, so it's a good thing Toolmonger has an in-depth guide to turning a real guitar into a proper Guitar Hero controller.
		Video Games – The Wii has been cracked open, its entrails spilled, its blood consumed and its organs dissected, categorised and sold off to the highest bidder.
		Video Games – Shortly after the show was over, we got a couple minutes with the duo behind Penny Arcade, PAX, Child's Play, and now Penny Arcade Adventures.
	videogames.netscape.com /story/2006/10/21/download-the-first-100-issues-of-computer-gaming-world-free (232 words)

	Video Games - Associated Content
		Video games are clashing with politics, and it's not pretty.
		New Rally-X wasn't a terribly exciting game when it was released in 1981, so it's tough to get worked up about an arcade-perfect version of it 25 years later.
		While I think that psychological studies are important, I also think it's important to break down the general consensus of video game violence, and bring about discussion rather than political banters and angry arguments.
	www.associatedcontent.com /video_games (2232 words)

	The Essential 50 Archives from 1UP.com
		While games probably aren't really as popular as the movie industry, despite what some claim, there's no doubt that gaming is a remarkably popular form of entertainment -- especially considering how long it's been around.
		Because games are tied to hardware which typically becomes obsolete in five years' time, digging back through the medium's history can be far more challenging than looking back at classic novels or films.
		Every week through the end of the year, classic.1UP.com will be presenting a look at a different video gaming landmark -- the fifty most important games to be created within the forty years that the medium has existed.
	www.1up.com /do/feature?cId=3116290 (495 words)

	[No title]
		As primitive as it was, however, it represented the first time an action game with an electronic display had been demonstrated to the public.
		There had been earlier electronic games (such as a version of tic-tac-toe) and Ralph Baer had come up with the concept of a games machine hooked to a TV as early as 1951, but Tennis for Two was nevertheless a landmark in video game history.
		The game could only be played against the computer, but two players could play together in doubles mode.The game was scored with standard tennis rules, and each match was a best of three sets.
	arstechnica.com /articles/paedia/gaming-evolution.ars/2 (1265 words)

	1981 - First Video Game Magazine
		The first consumer oriented print magazine dedicated solely to video gaming was Computer and Video Games which premiered in the U.K. in November of 1981, two weeks ahead of the U.S. launch of the next oldest video gaming publication Electronic Games magazine.
		The credit for first magazine to cover the video game industry which is still in continuous publication has to go to the subscription only, trade periodical Play Meter magazine which began publication in 1974 and covered the entire coin-operated entertainment industry.
		The oldest video game publication still in continuous circulation (as of 2005) was Computer Gaming World (CGW), which also debuted in 1981 but does not get credit for being first all around as it began publication as a bi-weekly newsletter before becoming a full scale magazine.
	store.gameasylum.us /fivigama.html (381 words)

	A Walk Down Gaming's Memory Lane » Netscape.com
		Video Games – For those that have never heard of CGW, or aren't up to snuff with PC gaming magazines, Computer Gaming World was first launched back in November 1981.
		Video Games – Can you believe that we are already at the 10 year anniversary of the Nintendo 64?
		Video Games – Speaking of the Xbox 360, Chartered Semiconductor of Singapore say they're manufacturing a new Xbox 360 CPU that uses 65nm technology instead of the current 90nm.
	videogames.netscape.com /story/2006/10/09/a-walk-down-gamings-memory-lane (258 words)

	Intellivision Classic Videogame System / 1980/81 Catalog
		The sophisticated video game and home computer applications of Intellivision provide an array of options, now and in the years to come.
		Intellivision video games offer a wide spectrum of color, sound and motion to keep your customers interested, involved and coming back for more.
		Every game cartridge comes with two durable overlays which fit directly over the hand controller for easy and simple game play decisions.
	www.intellivisionlives.com /bluesky/media/81catalog.shtml (1275 words)

	A History of Home Video Game Consoles > Second Generation (Golden Age): 1977-1982 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of Atari's first competitors in the programmable video game market was Bally, which launched the Bally Professional Arcade in 1977.
		Vectrex was a vector-based (as opposed to sprite-based) game system that had its own fl-and-white monitor over which plastic colored inlays could be placed to add "color" to games.
		Graphics for some games were superior to sprite-based systems, but only a limited number of games could use vector graphics.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=378141&seqNum=2 (572 words)

	Intellivision Classic Video Game System / Gaming Network Games
		APh completed (and was paid for) this adaptation of the dice game Craps, but it doesn't appear to have ever been announced or scheduled by Marketing for release.
		The Quality Assurance department, which had frequently been bypassed on late games such as this one and B-17 Bomber, was immediately given life-or-death authority over all future games: nothing was allowed to be released until the official game testers Traci Roux and Dale Lynn had signed off on it.
		They were merciless: stomping on a game then gleefully showing the videotaped results to the programmer when they found a bug.
	www.intellivisionlives.com /bluesky/games/credits/gaming.html (1046 words)

	MTV News \| Gaming's Top Ref Pays Big Bucks For Record-Breaking Scores (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There is indeed a good deal of dust in the headquarters/bedroom of the senior arcade referee of Twin Galaxies, the 25-year-old collective of gaming enthusiasts and referees that serves as the closest thing to an official video game record-keeping organization.
		Somewhere in there he has the game's hero jump from one girder to another in a move that floors the gaming referee.
		Mruczek, who thought the game was one of the 10 hardest ever to hit the arcades, asked players to not only surpass the previous best achievement of reaching the game's 26th level, but to reach the 100th.
	www.mtv.com /games/video_games/news/story.jhtml?id=1524620 (1812 words)

	USATODAY.com - Gates opens entertainment window (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Video games are key, but the Microsoft chairman also has his hand in much of the behind-the-scenes wrangling over entertainment and the Internet.
		But to see his vision of the future of games and other entertainment play out, he need go no further than his extravagant home near Seattle on Lake Washington, where a powerful PC (undoubtedly Windows) operates a DVD jukebox with thousands of movies playable on any of the multiple plasma displays throughout the home.
		Games have always been a pursuit for Gates, 50, ever since he programmed a Tic-Tac-Toe game at age 13.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/gaming/2006-05-11-gates-gaming_x.htm (1414 words)

	Videogames
		In 1981, Donkey Kong and Mario Bros. were among the few Nintendo standouts in an Atari and arcade dominated video gaming industry.
		One must keep in mind that the graphics were not really backwards; the gap between the arcade and home industry is similar to the disparity between 8 and 16-bit graphics.
		Pro-Am, perhaps one of the most challenging games to finish (with 32 tracks), Tecmo Bowl, among the best of the sports games on Nintendo, Rad Racer, one of the first quality racing games from the days when screen shots were shown on the cover, and finally, Ikari Warriors, another classic, rounds out this group.
	home.att.net /~a.mehta/videogam.htm (516 words)

	Video Gaming Comes to U.S. Multiplex - Cinematical
		The latest case in point is National Amusements' new gaming service at their Showcase Cinemas in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
		It isn't exactly film-related, but a major fault with the movie industry in the States is with the theater chains, and one of the problems with this new service is that National Amusements isn't relating video games to cinema as much as they should be.
		Earlier this month I reported that a multiplex in Belgium (it's in Europe) was launching a new gaming service, and I expressed my hopes that American theaters would follow suit.
	2fwww.cinematical.com /2006/11/28/video-gaming-comes-to-u-s-multiplex (1070 words)

	Meet Legends of Video Gaming at PhillyClassic Expo - Gaming Age
		PhillyClassic is the largest video game expo on the East Coast, and now, it has become the main annual gathering place for living video game "legends" - the creators, programmers, and designers that bring video games to life.
		As one of the most successful video game composers in history, he has helped revolutionize the gaming world, creating unique audio landscapes that enhance the video gaming experience.
		Jeff and his team will be hand-selecting 50 of their favorite coin-op arcade games and bringing them to the show floor to serve as the heart of our PhillyClassic arcade.
	www.gaming-age.com /news/2004/3/11-27 (1138 words)

	S-video Definition
		S-video provides a sharper image than composite video, but is not as good as component video.
		Like composite video, S-video connectors are widely used on VCRs, DVD players and receivers.
		The audio for both composite video and S-video uses common left/right stereo connections.
	www.pcmag.com /encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=S-video&i=50751,00.asp (587 words)

	Salon Technology \| Why emulators make video-game makers quake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An emulator program running on a PC or Mac mimics the hardware of a video game console, video arcade machine or another computer platform, enabling the computer running the emulator to use most software designed for the emulated hardware.
		But in January, two events brought the console video game industry to a crossroads with the emu scene -- and the companies affected, Sony and Nintendo, didn't have much control over what happened.
		Since Nintendo 64 games come in a cartridge format (PlayStation games are on CD-ROM discs), the only way the emulator can be used is by running a "dumped" ROM (code that has been transferred from a Nintendo 64 game cartridge into software form) on it.
	www.salon.com /tech/feature/1999/06/04/emulators (1013 words)

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