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Topic: 1982 Lebanon War

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	1982 Lebanon War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An agreement was reached later in 1982, and American, French and Italian peacekeepers, known as the Multinational Force in Lebanon, sent more than 14,000 PLO combatants out of the country in August and September.
		Lebanon and Hezbollah continue to claim a small area called Shebaa Farms as Lebanese territory, but Israel insists that it is captured Syrian territory with the same status as the Golan Heights.
		Osama bin Laden said in a videotape released on the eve of the 2004 U.S. presidential elections that he was inspired to attack the United States by the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon in which towers and buildings in Beirut were destroyed in the siege of the capital.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1982_Lebanon_War (2310 words)

	US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation : What was the 1982 Lebanon war all about? What was Ariel Sharon's ...
		Lebanon played a regional role, and was soon a key focal point in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
		From 1975 Lebanon was stuck in a bloody civil war, pitting sectarian and religious factions against each other.
		Three days later, on June 6, 1982 the Israeli army invaded Lebanon in operation "Peace for Galilee," crossing the Litani River and moving as far north as Beirut, destroying the feeble resistance from local villagers and from United Nations peacekeeping troops swept aside in the assault.
	www.endtheoccupation.org /article.php?id=197 (849 words)

	In the Wake of the Lebanon Withdrawal
		Whilst Lebanon's independence was proclaimed on Nov. 26, 1941, full independence was achieved slowly with most of the powers exercised by France being conceded to the Lebanese government nearly three years later on Jan. 1, 1944.
		Lebanon is like a swamp that sucks at invaders and the foreign troops proved no exception.
		During their stay in Lebanon, 260 U.S. Marines and about 60 French soldiers were killed, most of them in suicide bombings of the Marine and French army compound on Oct. 23, 1983.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=28 (1422 words)

	The History Guy: The Israel-Lebanon Conflict
		After the 1970 Jordanian Civil War, in which the PLO was driven out of Jordan, southern Lebanon came under Palestinian control, with Yasser Arafat's forces creating a virtual 'state-within-a-state." Their control became so dominint, that southern Lebanon was nicknamed "Fatahland," after al-Fatah, the name of Arafat's main PLO faction.
		The SLA served as Israel's proxy in south Lebanon, often engaging the PLO in combat.
		While eventually allowing the PLO to leave Lebanon, Israeli forces remained in control of south Lebanon near the border until 2000, when the troops were withdrawn in order to end the ongoing guerilla war with the Shiite Lebanese militia called Hezbollah.
	www.historyguy.com /israel-lebanon_conflict.html (1268 words)

	History of Lebanon, War of Lebanon
		In September 1982, the Lebanese president-elect Bashir Gemayel was assassinated which disrupted the agreement.
		The multinational forces were forced to leave Lebanon while the Syrian troops advanced in Beirut and launched several attempts to occupy the Lebanese ministry of defense and presidential palace.
		The Lebanese Government launched a war of liberation against the Syrian army demanding the scheduling of a Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon.
	www.lgic.org /en/history_lebanon1982.php (466 words)

	The Lebanon War
		Syria, which permitted Lebanon to become a haven for the PLO and other terrorist groups, brought surface-to-air missiles into that country, creating yet another danger for Israel.
		The initial success of the Israeli operation led officials to broaden the objective to expel the PLO from Lebanon and induce the country's leaders to sign a peace treaty.
		For Arab residents of south Lebanon, PLO rule was a nightmare.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/Lebanon_War.html (1678 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1982 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		May 29 - Falklands War: In the Battle of Goose Green, British Paratroopers defeat a larger force of Argentine troops in the first land battle of the war.
		June 6 - 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
		August 20 - Lebanese Civil War: A multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the PLO withdrawal from Lebanon.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1982.htm (2904 words)

	Israel Lebanon War - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lebanon's social affairs minister said: she sees "monstrous and disproportionate retaliation" of the Israeli military against her country.
		in Lebanon, as they have fled from the ongoing bombardments from Israel, and there is a mounting humanitarian situation in the country.
		As the campaign in Lebanon began, on 14th July, the US Congress was notified of a potential sale of $210 million worth of jet fuel to Israel.
	www.israellebanonwar.com (4320 words)

	Lebanon War 1982
		The Lebanon War was Israel's longest and most controversial war.
		In the mid-1970s, the PLO broadened its presence in Lebanon, establishing military training centers and escalating artillery and cross-border attacks on civilians in northern Israel.
		While the original plan called for Israeli troops to undertake a 25-mile incursion to wipe out PLO positions in Southern Lebanon, Israeli troops on the ground quickly overran PLO positions in the south of Lebanon, destroyed Syrian installations in the Bekaa Valley, and reached Beirut by June 9.
	www.adl.org /israel/advocacy/glossary/lebanon_war.asp (588 words)

	Counter-Guerrilla Air Warfare: The War in Southern Lebanon
		Southern Lebanon encompasses mountainous terrain on the east side, and low hills on the west side by the coast, divided by steep canyons and wadis, with ridges and wadis spreading from east to west.
		The Lebanon War was a major cause for significant change in the Israeli public's motivation for fighting against and defeating terror and guerrilla movements outside the borders.
		The principal goals of a war against guerrillas is the preservation of the regime, of the population's normal course of life, and the removal of the strategic threat which the guerrilla movement constitutes.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/publications/39pub.html (17542 words)

	Peace for Galilee (The War in Lebanon)
		The War in Lebanon can be divided into two phases.
		The first was a conventional war, which lasted from June 6 to August 23 1982, when the terrorists were expelled from Beirut.
		At the beginning of the war, the IDF advanced along the shore, crossed the Awall River, went into Beirut, and then continued north through the Shouf Mountains along the flank of the main Syrian forces in the Beka'a Valley, threatening their rear as well as comminications between Beirut and Damascus.
	www.israeli-weapons.com /history/peace_for_galilee/PeaceForGalilee.html (220 words)

	The History Guy: Israel-Lebanon/Hezbollah War (2006)
		Unlike past wars, such as the 1956 war against Egypt or the 1967 war against Egypt, Syria and Jordan, or the 1982 invasion of Lebanon, the Israeli military did not immediately launch powerful assaults on the ground to root out and destroy their foes.
		On Hezbollah's side, the war showed that their guerillas, though technically only a militia, possessed the training and fighting ability of a well-trained army division.
		The war also showed once again that the Lebanese government is helpless to defend its own territory or to keep other countries from fighting proxy wars and conflicts on its land.
	www.historyguy.com /israel-lebanon_war_2006.html (1217 words)

	Antiwar.com Blog · Litani of Sorrows
		The 1978 invasion of Lebanon itself was interestingly named the Litani River Operation.
		Lebanon uses it for agricultural, recreational and hydroelectric purposes.
		On a side note, the last time that Israel threatened Lebanon was in 2002 when the Lebanese diverted the Wazzani River.
	www.antiwar.com /blog/2006/07/19/litani-of-sorrows (498 words)

	July 2006 War on Lebanon
		He sends troops to South Lebanon as a result of the 1701 UN resolution but makes it clear that his army is not disarming Hezbollah; and that the Army along with Hezbollah will be protecting the ‘land and the people’.
		Once the war was over, got back to their self-centred paranoid bickering, after money-talking citizens into hundreds of thousands of splashed US dollars (ironically enough) handouts and promises of mass local and Arab donations.
		Propelled into this process after the war, the Shiite population is being subjected to competing demands: on one hand, continuously proving their Lebanese identity without a say in it while on the other, proving their commitment to the resistance without a say in it.
	july2006waronlebanon.blogspot.com (6463 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Son of Hizbullah?
		A second option: "Lebanon becomes another Kosovo." Peace is maintained by a massive international force which sits there for years while, one hopes, the Lebanese figure out their destiny.
		A third option: Syria comes back to control Lebanon "and all is forgiven." Sure, the United States slapped the Damascene hand and helped compel its troops to leave barely one year ago, with the cooperation and, some say, at the instigation of the French.
		But France and other countries that might put their boots on the ground see the grim precedents of the 1982 Lebanon war—the elusive enemies, the tenacious suicide bombers—as the bit of history to remember.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0608MLN/06081139NW.asp (1665 words)

	Israeli Media Spins Fighting Within Left-Right Paradigm: Leftists protest 'Israel's aggression'
		The war is a disaster for Israelis, Palestinians and Lebanese.
		We call for the secession of this war, for the secession of harm to Israeli and Lebanese civilians, we demand an immediate ceasefire and the commencement of negotiations which is the only alternative to a catastrophic regional deterioration."
		To the question that no minister has expressed opposition to the war he said: "Also during t he 1982 Lebanon war Hadash was the only one that opposed the war from day one and also in the second Lebanon war.
	www.infowars.com /articles/ww3/leftists_protest_israel_aggression.htm (595 words)

	Cheney Unleashes the Dogs of War
		As EIR recently exposed, (EIR June 30, "Cheney and Netanyahu Conspiring for War?"), this latest war was planned at a secret meeting between Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and Likud chairman Benjamin Netanyahu, during a conference organized by the American Enterprise Institute in June at Beaver Creek, Colorado.
		This war is not intended to make Israel safe from Hamas, Hezbollah terrorism, or Iran's alleged intentions to build nuclear weapons, but is rather a drive by the synarchist financial forces represented by the likes of George Shultz and Felix Rohatyn, who stand behind Cheney and Netanyahu.
		Their war plan is well known to readers of EIR, and is the policy the Bush Administration has been implementing, with disastrous results, for the last three years.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2006/3329isr_palestine_war.html (1856 words)

	The Opening Round of Iran's War Against the West \|\| Opinions \|\| CGGL.org
		This evacuation of outside armies and terrorist groups was rightly seen as the prerequisite for the pacification of the volatile Israel-Lebanon border and the restoration of Lebanese sovereignty.
		International attention was drawn again to Lebanon in 2005 after the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri by Syrian agents and the “Cedar Revolution” that followed.
		Had UN resolutions on Lebanon been implemented, then no Israeli soldiers would have been kidnapped in northern Israel this month and there would be no Hizballah rockets raining on Israeli civilians in Haifa, Nahariya, Safed, and Tiberias.
	www.cggl.org /scripts/opinion.asp?id=98 (1429 words)

	Israeli Campaign in Lebanon 1982-1985
		The first was a conventional war, Operation Peace for the Galilee, which lasted from June 6 to August 23 1982, when the PLO terrorists were expelled from southern Lebanon and Beirut.
		On June 6, 1982, under the direction of Defense Minister Ariel Sharon, Israel invaded Lebanon with a massive force, called Operation Peace for the Galilee, driving all the way to Beirut and putting the PLO fighters and residents, as well as the Lebanese civilian population of that city, under siege, forcing a PLO evacuation.
		After crossing into Lebanon, the IDF advanced along the shore, crossed the Awall River, went into Beirut, and then continued north through the Shouf Mountains along the flank of the main Syrian forces in the Beka'a Valley, threatening their rear as well as communications between Beirut and Damascus.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_lebanon_198x_idf_course.php (1298 words)

	Israeli Invasion of Lebanon 1982
		It was the PLO shelling, and not directly the Argov shooting as is sometimes assumed, that triggered the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
		On June 6, 1982, under the direction of Defense Minister Ariel Sharon, Israel invaded Lebanon with a massive force, called Operation Peace for the Galilee, driving all the way to Beirut and putting the PLO and residents, as well as the Lebanese civilian population of that city, under siege.
		Israel justified its breech of the Habib cease-fire by citing the attempted assassination of the Israeli ambassador in London and a build-up of PLO armaments in South Lebanon.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_lebanon_198x_backgd.php (621 words)

	Reagan, Ronald W(ilson) - Related Items - MSN Encarta
		Afghan-Soviet War – refusal to cease funding of mujahideen
		Lebanon was engulfed by full-scale war in 1982, as its territory was once again a battleground for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Syria, and Israel.
		Although the Israeli invasion that began in June was not unexpected, its intensity and duration had not been predicted.
	encarta.msn.com /related_761560259_14.23.1/1982_Lebanon.html (107 words)

	[No title]
		Military Medicine, Vol.151, 1986 (pp.8-11).Z. Solomon, R. Benbenishty, The role of proximity, immediacy, and expectancy in front-line treatment of combat stress reaction among Israelis in the Lebanon War.
		Behavioral Medicine, Vol.14, 1988 (pp.179-186).Z. Solomon, M. Mikulincer, A. Bleich, Characteristic expressions of combat related PTSD among Israeli soldiers in the 1982 Lebanon War.
		Vol.4,1991(pp.209-222).T. Yizhaki, Z. Solomon, M. Kotler, The clinical picture of acute combat stress reaction among Israeli soldiers in the 1982 Lebanon War.
	www.tau.ac.il /socialwork/Docs/solomon/articles.doc (3003 words)

	Peace for Galilea War
		This war was, in all regards, a disaster.
		Israel would have been better off if it really wanted to conquer lebanon, as this could have easily been achieved, but instead its only goal was to defeat a guerrilla force bent upon acts of terrorism, that lent its support from the civilian population and its many arab neighbors.
		It then realized it couldn't achieve anything that way, so the Israeli Army retreated, maintaining a small buffer zone in south lebanon, that was also under constant fire from terrorist and rocket attacks; although the soldiers absorbed most of the attacks that would have otherwise been directed upon the civilian population.
	amichai.com /war/process/lebanonwar.html (1954 words)

	HIR \| Who attacked Israel? (Israel v. Lebanon -- 2006)
		In 1978, Israel invaded Lebanon to protect Israeli civilians in northern Israel who were being murdered by PLO terrorists based in southern Lebanon.
		The other occupiers were the Syrians, lords of Lebanon since 1976-77, after one of the factions in the Lebanese civil war had invited them in.
		The Hezbollah, in Lebanon, claims as its reason for continuing its murders of Israeli civilians that it is fighting for a piece of land that belonged to Syria before 1967.
	www.hirhome.com /israel/hezbollah.htm (3052 words)

	Heritage
		The world that emerged from the throes of the Second World War bore little resemblance to the one that existed on the eve of that terrible conflict.
		At war’s end, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the major political entities, or "superpowers." The U.S. became the backer of the Western European nations and helped rebuild them, while the U.S.S.R. dominated the Eastern European nations.
		The Six Day War, which brought hundreds of thousands of Palestinians under Israeli rule, was a turning point for both Israelis and Palestinians.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode9/index.html (681 words)

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