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Topic: 1986 Canadian incumbents

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	Law Office Of Clement Cheng - California Intellectual Property and Business Lawyers
		Canadian political candidates are free to solicit money from foreign and domestic sources, including individuals, trade unions, corporations and other organizations.
		Unlike the United States, the Canadian Supreme Court refused to equate speech with advertising expenditures, and held that limiting advertising expenses did not restrict the speech of political candidates.
		Canada has embraced government provided television and radio time by requiring every broadcaster provide 6.5 prime time hours "for transmission of political announcements and programs produced by or on behalf of the registered parties." The 6.5 hours are apportioned according to a party’s representation in the legislature or by their number of candidates.
	www.clemcheng.com /html/campaign_finance.htm (6817 words)

	Supreme Court of Canada - Decisions - The Queen v. Beauregard
		Canadian judges are Canadian citizens and must bear their fair share of the financial burden of administering the country.
		He said that the effect of this provision was to reduce the salaries of incumbent judges and that this was unconstitutional for two reasons: first, because it intruded into provincial jurisdiction under s.
		As a general observation, Canadian judges are Canadian citizens and must bear their fair share of the financial burden of administering the country.
	scc.lexum.umontreal.ca /en/1986/1986rcs2-56/1986rcs2-56.html (8167 words)

	PRQ98
		Canadian courts have generally been sympathetic to plans that insure representation of geographic "communities of interest", even when this has meant overrepresentation of rural areas and underrepresentation of urban areas.
		In time periods where an incumbent candidate running did have an effect, the effects went from a modest 4-5 percent to a more substantial 15 percent greater probability that a woman was elected if no incumbent was running.
		Canadian provinces and U.S. states where women have done well in the past tend to be where they continue to do well.
	www.uh.edu /~pols1oj/PoReQu98.html (7483 words)

	erickson
		Canadian scholars have also produced over many years a number of policy analytic studies in the field of illicit drug policy.
		The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, providing an independent research and policy analysis function for the federal government, was cut to the bone in the 1996-97 budget, in preparation for its final demise.
		Given the apparently negligible impact of social research on Canadian drug law and policy in the 1990's, it might appear that sociologists would be advised to concentrate on providing scholarly explanations, rather than becoming directly involved in the policy forum.
	www.ualberta.ca /~cjscopy/articles/erickson.html (6595 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Canadian House of Commons is located in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario.
		Canadian law states that all federal elections must be held on a Monday (except on statutory holidays), and the campaign must be at least 36 days long.
		Most successful independent candidates have been incumbents who were expelled from their political party (for example, John Nunziata in 1997) or who failed to win their party's nomination (for example, Chuck Cadman in 2004).
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Canadian_House_of_Commons (4342 words)

	Purcell String Quartet
		Important Canadian ensemble founded in 1968 and active until 1991.
		The viola and cello chairs each had two incumbents: Streatfeild was succeeded in 1969 by Philippe Etter, and Hampton was replaced in 1989 by Heather Hay.
		In the 1980s it also played concerts in other Canadian cities and toured in the USSR (1980), Cuba, Mexico, and Florida (1986), Japan (1987) and France and Great Britain (1989).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1SEC840214 (696 words)

	1993 Canadian incumbents Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Canadian POWs, Dieppe Canadian prisoners of war being lead through Dieppe by German soldiers.
		transformation of the Canadian national party system that began in 1993 continues to be a...
		Canadian Mayors: A Profile and Determinants of Electoral Success.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/1993_Canadian_incumbents.html (527 words)

	Freedom Party International - Consent 21 - August 1994
		In Canadian and American elections, whether federal, state, or provincial, the candidate who receives the most votes in each constituency is elected.
		If a voter thinks an incumbent member of his preferred party is not doing a good job, he can vote against him without voting against his party.
		Fifteen of the thirty-five incumbents were defeated, including the Speaker of the Legislature and two former Cabinet ministers.
	www.freedomparty.org /consent/cons21_2.htm (2486 words)

	SELF-ENFORCING FEDERALISM
		It should also be `coalition-proof’, by which we mean that no `significant’ subset of persons has an incentive to coordinate a defection to an alternative constitution (or no constitution at all in the case of the dismemberment of the state or anarchy).
		If constitutions coordinate political action, we must be certain that they do not do so in such a way as to coordinate, say, incumbent politicians, a military elite, or the mass public, so that they prefer to and can change the constitutional game into something else.
		In the Canadian context, for example, because politicians "have a vested interest in provincial status and power which the several provincial electorates perhaps do not fully share" (Corry 1968, p.
	cniss.wustl.edu /Rikerpapers/Shvetsova.html (5730 words)

	SHP 530 - CN DRUG POLICY AWARD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, incumbents may be required to pass a drug test as a prior condition of return to duty after a leave of six months or more.
		Thereafter, incumbents in safety-sensitive or specified executive positions are subject to unannounced random testing for alcohol and specified drugs.
		As may be gleaned from the foregoing, the right that an employer may have to demand that its employees be subjected to a drug test is a singular and limited exception to the right of freedom from physical intrusion to which employees are generally entitled by law.
	arbitrations.netfirms.com /shp/SHP0530.htm (17441 words)

	RCR - REPORT OF JAMES C. MILLER, III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Another contrived advantage is the ability of incumbents to pressure donors for campaign contributions when there is little evidence of challenge, and to carry over these resources from election to election, continually growing their reserves in order to ward off any potential challenge.
		In sum, an incumbent knows that additional spending on his or her own campaign will be of marginal value in increasing votes (or vote margin), but that spending by an opponent will have a dramatic, threatening effect.
		Incumbents have a considerable advantage here: they have taxpayer-paid press spokesmen; they make news, and thus have more access to the media; and they have access to "inside information," which they communicate to, and curry favor with, the press.
	www.realcampaignreform.org /miller_rpt.htm (8190 words)

	Ukrainian Canadian Congress \| Triennial Congress Resolutions
		Canadians of Ukrainian descent are proud to be Canadians and are, in the main, pleased with the rights and benefits accorded to them in Canada.
		Be it resolved that the 19th Congress of Ukrainian Canadians protest the abuses of the Canadian judicial process that have arisen in denaturalization and deportation cases against Canadian citizens based on the imported concept of guilt by inference.
		Be it resolved that the 19th Congress of Ukrainian Canadians direct the UCC Board of Directors to give a mandate to the Committee for Justice of the UCC Toronto Branch to organize and coordinate various actions in the Branches and throughout the Ukrainian community in Canada regarding the denaturalization and deportation issue.
	www.ucc.ca /what/resolution_9-12_october_1998.shtml (2425 words)

	City campaigns on the cusp and the Edmonton mayoralty election of 1992 Journal of Canadian Studies - Find Articles
		Reimer received the highest vote tally of any councillors in the 1986 election, paving the path to a clear majority in her mayoralty victory of 1989.
		Some had grown to accept the way the system worked and tended to observe political challengers in the same light as did the incumbents: a threat to the established way of carrying on city business.(f.35) It is not surprising that Canadian municipal incumbents achieve some of the highest re-election rates found in industrial democracies.
		But there was no "Janslide." Only one incumbent councillor lost, while one other chose to be beaten in the mayoralty contest.(f.54) The marked definition of ideological division between the two major mayoralty candidates produced voter turnout that was the highest for Edmonton in a generation (since Hawrelak's 1966 defeat).
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_199704/ai_n8768044 (8009 words)

	Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy
		In response to the "Note by the Chairman" of 31 March 2000, the Canadian government agrees that it is important for the Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy (WGTCP) to focus on concrete examples which help clarify both the costs and benefits of implementing competition policies, notably for developing countries.
		In this light, the Canadian delegation is submitting to the WGTCP's meeting of 15-16 June 2000 the attached paper on "Competition Policy Advocacy and Regulatory Reform in the Canadian Telecommunications Industry".
		Often, the incumbent is perceived as having many advantages over new entrants stemming from its past experience, financial resources and control over network elements, access to which is essential for the survival of competitors.
	www.apeccp.org.tw /doc/Canada/Policy/1e.htm (5278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The appointments are for a one year term and cover a calendar year period, and incumbents are eligible for reappointment.
		Judge Christen clerked for the superior court after law school and was a litigation partner in private practice until her appointment to the bench in 2001.
		The Fourth Judicial District is administered from Fairbanks, and extends from the Canadian border on the east to the Bering Sea on the west.
	www.state.ak.us /courts/press12-04-06-2.htm (623 words)

	NCSL Desk Studies: Public Participation and Confidence in the Legislature
		And elsewhere, in the context of an established democracy, I have suggested that in a society ruled by consent of the governed, public support is vital.
		A 1986 study found that 60 percent of national parliaments always or usually held private committee meetings and only one in four always or usually held public meetings.
		The case for open meetings of committees is that it allows the public to know what decisions are made and how their legislators vote at what is sometimes the most critical stage of legislation.
	www.ncsl.org /public/internat/kurtz2.htm (8162 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		The position of a Monarch is usually hereditary, but often with constitutional restrictions, or even considerable liberty for the incumbent or some body convening after his demise to chose from eligible members of the ruling house, often limited to legal descendants of the state religion or even parliamentary permission.
		However, the Canadian Letters of Creedence and Recall continue to be issued in the name of, and addressed to the Governor General alone.
		The second and last incumbent of the office, Yusof bin Ishak, kept the style at the 31 August 1963 unilateral declaration of independence and after the 16 September 1963 accession to Malaysia as a state (so now as a constitutive part of the federation, a non-sovereign level).
	www.hyderabadin.org /wiki-Head_of_State (7731 words)

	Bill C-44: An Act to authorize remedial and disciplinary measures in relation to members of certain administrative ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The members of the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board could be either full-time or part-time appointments, instead of being required to be full-time as at present (clause 85).
		Members of the Canadian Council on the Status of the Artist, currently appointed by the Governor in Council on the recommendation of the Minister, would be appointed by the Minister alone (clause 194).
		The requirement for the Canadian Polar Commission to meet four times a year would be reduced to three times a year, two of them in a polar region (a slightly broader definition than the current requirement to meet in places north of 60 degrees north latitude) (clause 68).
	www.parl.gc.ca /common/Bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=C44&source=Bills_House_Government&Parl=36&Ses=1 (4064 words)

	Canadian incumbents by year - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of Canadian incumbents in any given year.
		This includes cabinet ministers, provincial premiers, lieutenant governors, mayors, Supreme Court justices, religious leaders, and others.
		1990 - 1989 - 1988 - 1987 - 1986 - 1985 - 1984 - 1983 - 1982 - 1981
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canadian_incumbents_by_year (339 words)

	1994 Stakes High for Congressional Democrats
		Incumbents always are uneasy in off-year elections, in which candidates of the incumbent president's party often take a beating.
		Among incumbents in those contested seats are five Democrats and three Republicans who are not running for re-election.
		However, even a Republican sweep would be unlikely to persuade the Clinton administration to change its Middle East course, which is guided by the wishes of the incumbent (any incumbent) government in Israel, its Washington, DC lobby, and perceptions of the general consensus among American Jewish supporters of Israel.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0794/9407041.htm (1031 words)

	`It's Up To You': Women at UBC in the Early Years. by Jo Lapierre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The slights and limitations the incumbents of this position suffered are almost identical to those inflicted on the warden of Royal Victoria College at McGill several decades earlier.
		The long battle for a women's residence at UBC is similarly reminiscent of the struggles that took place at Toronto and Queen's, where women students spent years seeking accommodation in rule-ridden `approved' boarding houses before they gained their own dormitories or access to women's unions or physical educational facilities on campus.
		The debate at UBC is presented in isolation from what was going on at the other Canadian and American universities that UBC often took as its models, and also from the social and political changes taking place outside British Columbia during the four decades the book covers.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/chr/724/you5.html (617 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: orgs/canadian/western-unity-movement/the-zundel-affair
		The Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association had played a significant role in the imposition of an interim mail ban on November 13, 1981, a prohibitory order that was repealed almost a year later.[3] Mrs.
		The acquittal might also have been another example of the Canadian penchant for compromise; having convicted Zundel on the second and more significant charge, the jurors were able to afford some measure of magnanimity.
		The defendant launched an appeal, which was heard in September 1986, by a panel of five judges of the Ontario Court of Appeal.
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi/orgs/ftp.py?orgs/canadian/western-unity-movement/the-zundel-affair (9371 words)

	New Perspectives and Evidence on Political Communication and Campaign Effects
		To be known is to be liked, and campaigns generate large quantities of "knowns" on subjects as diverse as family background, military service, and the details of policy proposals.
		Franklin's study of U.S. Senate campaigns found that voters were more precise in their perceptions of their incumbent senator's position on a liberal-conservative scale when exposed to a senatorial campaign featuring the incumbent (Franklin, 1993).
		In short, when studying campaigns of differential loudness, the interactions that define campaign effects become more complex; voters' preferences become a function of the volume/intensity of the contestants' appeals, voters' partisan preferences, and their level of exposure to the campaign.
	www.stanford.edu /~siyengar/research/papers/effectsreview.html (7314 words)

	City campaigns on the cusp and the Edmonton mayoralty election of 1992 Journal of Canadian Studies - Find Articles
		Reimer received the highest vote tally of any councillors in the 1986 election, paving the path to a clear majority in her mayoralty victory of 1989.
		Some had grown to accept the way the system worked and tended to observe political challengers in the same light as did the incumbents: a threat to the established way of carrying on city business.(f.35) It is not surprising that Canadian municipal incumbents achieve some of the highest re-election rates found in industrial democracies.
		But there was no "Janslide." Only one incumbent councillor lost, while one other chose to be beaten in the mayoralty contest.(f.54) The marked definition of ideological division between the two major mayoralty candidates produced voter turnout that was the highest for Edmonton in a generation (since Hawrelak's 1966 defeat).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_199704/ai_n8768044 (8009 words)

	Rove-gate??? - Page 7
		One of the first highlights of his career was the famously tight 1986 Texas governor's race, in which his candidate and mentor, the Republican oilman Bill Clements, sought to oust the Democratic incumbent Mark White.
		In 1986 Weaver and Rove both worked on Bill Clements's successful campaign for governor, after which Weaver was named executive director of the state Republican Party.
		His opponent, Mark Kennedy, an incumbent Democratic justice and, as George Wallace's son-in-law, a member in good standing of Alabama's first family of politics, was no stranger to hardball politics.
	forums.canadiancontent.net /international-politics/38652-rove-gate-7.html#post585908 (5817 words)

	Contestability and Economic Integration in the Western Hemisphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In contrast with the centennial experiences in Canada and in the United States, that started with the 1889 Canadian Combines Investigation Act and the 1890 US Sherman Act, the historical record on the enforcement of such policies in Latin American and Caribbean countries is virtually blank.
		Although some countries, such as Argentina and Mexico, have had antitrust laws since the beginning of this century, it was only after the wave of economic reforms that spread throughout the continent in the 1980s that the implementation of competition rules became a relevant issue in the region.
		Moreover, in the 1990s, the American and Canadian governments have been active in the current discussions on the convergence of competition policies among OECD countries.
	www.sice.oas.org /compol/Articles/contest.asp (4906 words)

	[No title]
		Enforcement of customs and immigration laws in Guam and the Virgin Islands and along Canadian and Mexican borders; cooperation by Secretary of the Treasury and Attorney General; erection of buildings.
		Incumbents of abolished offices will be given consideration for suitable employment under the civil service laws in any positions in customs for which they may be qualified.
		The Commissioner shall give consideration to the views of the advisory committee in the exercise of his or her duties.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/19C1.txt (8958 words)

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