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Topic: 1988 Winter Paralympics

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1992 Winter Paralympics

1984 Winter Paralympics

Winter Paralympics

1980 Winter Paralympics

2006 Winter Paralympics

1976 Winter Paralympics

1988 Summer Olympics

1998 Winter Paralympics

2002 Winter Paralympics

1994 Winter Paralympics

1988 Winter Olympic Games

1988 Winter Olympics

Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics

1976 Winter Olympics

1988 Winter Olympics medal count

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	United States Association of Blind Athletes
		The Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee organized the 1988 Paralympics to be held in the Olympic venues two weeks after the Olympic Games.
		The 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games was held 10 days after the Centennial Olympic Games and boasted being the second largest sporting event in the world to date, second only to the Olympic Games.
		Following the theme "Triumph of the Human Spirit," the Paralympic Games is proud of the tradition it has established to bring elite disabled athletic competition to the forefront of public consciousness.
	www.usaba.org /Pages/sportsinformation/paralympics.html (817 words)

	Canadian Paralympic Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Winter sports for athletes with a disability gradually developed after World War II, as large numbers of injured soldiers and civilians tried to return to their skiing activities.
		The Paralympics was not held at the same Olympic venue in Calgary, Canada, because of financial and recruiting difficulties.
		The 1998 Games in Nagano, Japan, was the first Winter Paralympics to be held outside Europe, and helped to enhance the integration of athletes with a disability and to deepen international recognition.
	www.paralympic.ca /english/paralympic_games.asp (478 words)

	Departments - Cross country skiing - equipment, technique - xc ski reports
		Unique to the Paralympics is the classification system that enables athletes to compete on an equal level as all athletes compete with a pre-determined degree of disability.
		The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) established in 1989 in Dusseldorf, Germany, is the international representative organization of elite sports for athletes with disabilities.
		Paralympic athletes ski three 2.5km legs (7.5km in total) in free technique and fire at five targets between each leg.
	www.crosscountryskier.com /paralympic_games_jan_feb_2002.html (1871 words)

	2004.com - Olympic history - Modern history - Paralympics
		From 1988 in Seoul, Korea, the Paralympics have been taken place at the same venues as the Olympics.
		In 1992 the first winter Paralympics was held at the Albertville Winter Games in France.
		Since Seoul in 1988 and Albertville in 1992 the Paralympic Games have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympics.
	www.2004.com /ohistory_modern_paralympics.asp (220 words)

	Breakthrough for the Paralympics - Playing to Win: Canada at the Paralympics - CBC Archives
		1988 is a significant year in Paralympic history.
		Aside from beginning the tradition that the Olympics and Paralympics would be held in the same city (with Paralympics immediately following the Olympics), this was also the first time the Olympic organizing committee worked closely with the Paralympic organizing committee.
		Among other things, it officially stipulated that the Paralympics would always follow the Olympics, and that the two events would take place in the same city using the same venues.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-41-1363-8222/sports/paralympics/clip4 (704 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/1988 Winter Olympics
		The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games, were celebrated in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and opened by Governor General Jeanne Sauvé.
		1988 was also the last year that the Paralympics and the Winter Olympics were held in separate cities; all subsequent games have been hosted by the same city or a city nearby.
		From the unprecedented volunteer involvement in staging the games, to a program where ordinary Calgarians could purchase, for $19.88, a brick at the medal presentation plaza with their name laser-engraved on it, the involvement of ordinary Calgarians was evident.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics (1313 words)

	The Effects of Visual Impairment on Competition Swim Performance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between degree of visual impairment and performance variables during the 100m freestyle and backstroke events in Paralympic swimmers and to compare the performances with those of Olympic swimmers.
		The Paralympics, not to be confused with the Special Olympics where the focus is on participation, is a competition of elite, world class, well-trained athletes.
		The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to examine the relationship between degree of visual impairment and swimming performance variables during the 100m freestyle and backstroke events in male and female Paralympic swimmers and to compare the performances with those of Olympic swimmers.
	www.coachesinfo.com /category/paralympics/232 (3958 words)

	Paralympics
		The Paralympics are the second-largest sports competition in the world, after the Olympics; the 2000 Summer Games included 3,843 athletes from 123 nations.
		The Paralympics are coordinated by the International Paralympic Committee, founded in 1989 (succeeding several committees that had existed before then), which is the only international organization representing all sports and disabilities.
		The Paralympics have continued to grow, and the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul were once again held in the same venues as the Olympics.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/paralympics.html (581 words)

	Disabled Sports USA
		And great promise was shown by women skiers new to the Paralympics, including Sandy Dukat (LW2) with a bronze in the slalom and the Super-G; Lacey Heward (LW11) bronze in giant slalom and Super-G; Allison Jones (LW2) silver in giant slalom and Super-G; and Stephani Victor (LW12/2) bronze in downhill.
		She was selected by other members of the US Paralympic team, who also elected Sarah Billmeier to give the Athletes' Oath during the opening ceremony on behalf of all the participants in the 2002 Games.
		Consensus was that Salt Lake City, Paralympic organizers and officials, and the thousands of volunteers did a truly spectacular job of showcasing elite adaptive sports for an audience increasing in both size and appreciation.
	www.dsusa.org /ChallMagarchive/challmag-spring02-winterparalympics.html (1376 words)

	2002 Winter Olympics - Paralympics
		The Paralympic movement began as the dream of an English neurosurgeon Sir Ludwig Guttman, with the goal of providing athletes with disabilities the opportunity to compete at an international level equivalent to non-disabled athletes.
		Although the term Paralympics originally was derived from the word paraplegic, the prefix "para" is now interpreted as defining the games for disabled athletes which have evolved to "parallel" and complement to the Olympic Games.
		The 1988 summer Paralympic Games in Seoul, Korea was considered the beginning of the modern Paralympics as the emphasis clearly shifted from a "rehab" model to one of sport and athletic competition.
	www.utah.com /olympics/paralympics.htm (448 words)

	CBC Sports Online
		He competed in the 1994 Paralympics in Lillehammer, finishing first in biathlon, middle distance and long distance, and second in relay and short distance races.
		Two-time Paralympic gold medallist Sten-Oluf Horn of Norway won the short and long distance events in Nagano 1998, as well as a bronze in the relay at Nagano.
		A veteran of Germany's Nordic team, Michael Weymann has seven Paralympic medals, including two golds in cross-country relay and biathlon (1998), three silvers in short and middle distances (1998) and long distance (1994), and two bronze in the men's 3 x 2.5km relays (1994, 1988).
	www.cbc.ca /sports/paralympics/nordic_who.html (1059 words)

	Wikipedia: 1994 Winter Olympics
		The Games of the XVII Winter Olympiad were held in 1994 in Lillehammer, Norway.
		In 1986 the IOC voted to change the schedule of the Olympic Games so that the summer and winter games would be arranged in alternating even-numbered years.
		For the first time, the Winter Olympics are not held in the same year as the Games of the Olympiad.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/1/19/1994_winter_olympics.html (224 words)

	CNNSI.com - 2000 Paralympics - Paralympics celebrate 40th year - Wednesday September 20, 2000 10:30 AM
		Latest: Wednesday September 20, 2000 10:30 AM This is the fifth time since their inception that the Paralympics and the Olympic Games have been held in the same city.
		The origins of the Paralympic Games can be traced back to neurosurgeon Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the "Father of Disabled Sports." After immigrating to England in 1939 as a refugee from Nazi Germany, Guttmann began working with patients who had sustained spinal chord injuries.
		In 1976, the Paralympics continued its expansion, merging with different groups that organized their own international sport competitions for disabled athletes..
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /paralympics/news/2000/09/15/games_history (582 words)

	Wikipedia: 1968 Winter Olympics
		The 1968 Winter Olympics were held in Grenoble, France and opened on February 6.
		Norway won the most medals, the first time a country other than the Soviet Union had done so since the Soviet Union first entered the Winter Games in 1956.
		Frenchman Jean-Claude Killy won three gold medals in all the alpine skiing events.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/1/19/1968_winter_olympics.html (122 words)

	Paralympics
		The Paralympics are recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and governed and sanctioned by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), a member organisation of the IOC.
		The Paralympics is truly a competition of elite, world class, well trained, disabled athletes as opposed to a participatory event where all who enter receive a medal for involvement.
		The only difference in the two is that the Paralympics provide elite competition opportunity to athletes with a functional physical disability which precludes their involvement in open competition of the regular Olympics.
	library.thinkquest.org /20622/paralymp.htm (688 words)

	aarogya.com "The Wellness Site" - International Day For Disabled Persons
		In order to compete in the Paralympics, each athlete must meet strict qualifying standards and be selected to his or her national team.
		The Summer Paralympic Games were held in Atlanta (USA) in 1996 and thereafter Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney (Australia) in October 2000.
		The previous Winter Paralympic Games took place in Nagano (Japan) in 1998 and the 2002 Winter Paralympic Games will be held in Salt Lake City (United States).
	www.aarogya.com /miscellaneous/events/disability/paralypmics.asp (665 words)

	Parlo - English World- Lesson Plans
		The Paralympics began in 1948 in Stoke Mandeville, England as a sports competition for World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries.
		The Paralympics first started to fashion themselves into an Olympic-style competition in Rome in 1960, but it wasn't until the Toronto games in 1976 that more disability groups were added.
		The Paralympics have always taken place in the same years as the Olympics, and since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, they have been held in the same places.
	www.parlo.com /en/teachers/lessonplans/paralyeng_3.asp (290 words)

	Disabled Sports USA
		The 2006 Paralympics are returning to Italy, where in 1960, the Roman games marked the first time the Paralympics and Olympic Games were held in the same location.
		The Paralympic Nordic ski competition is open to male and female athletes in the categories for amputees, blind/visually-impaired, spinal cord injured/wheelchair, and cerebral palsy/brain injury/stroke.
		In 1988, the Winter Paralympics were once again held in Innsbruck and not in the Olympic venue in Calgary, Canada, because of financial and recruiting difficulties.
	www.dsusa.org /ChallMagarchive/Fall05/challmag-fall05-ParaReturnToItaly.html (752 words)

	Winter Paralympics
		Roots of the Winter Paralympics trace back to Austria, where Sepp Zwicknagl, a double-leg amputee, was among the first individuals to use prostheses to ski down a slope.
		The Lillehammer Paralympics marked the first time the Paralympic Winter Games were held in the same location as the Winter Olympics, a tradition that has continued through an agreement of cooperation between the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee.
		The opening and closing Paralympic ceremonies and the ice sled hockey competition are being held in Torino proper, with the surrounding cities Pinerolo, Pragelato and Sestriere Borgata serving as sites for the other Paralympic events.
	www.abilitymagazine.com /PAST/Natalie_Glebova/Paralympics.html (1617 words)

	Susan Greenwald, "Victories by and for the Disabled" , U.S. Society and Values, December 2003
		Each winter, in the snow-packed mountains around Northern California's Lake Tahoe, skiers and chair lifts whiz by a small wood-covered building at the base of one of the mountains.
		Paralympic athletes generally are well known in Europe.
		U.S. Paralympics is a division of the U.S. Olympic Committee and was created in May 2001 to focus efforts on enhancing opportunities for persons with physical disabilities to participate in Paralympic sports.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itsv/1203/ijse/greenwald.htm (1893 words)

	WCBVI: USA Paralympics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The U.S. Paralympic National Performance Team is looking for new athletes with physical disabilities who are interested in training for and possibly competing in the 2004 Paralympic Games in Athens Greece.
		U.S. Paralympics is a division of the U.S. Olympic Committee that was created in May 2001 to focus efforts on enhancing programs, funding and opportunities for persons with physical disabilities to participate in Paralympic sport.
		The mission of U.S. Paralympics is to be the world leader in the Paralympic movement and to promote excellence in the lives of persons with physical disabilities.
	www.wcbvi.k12.wi.us /wcparalympics.html (525 words)

	Paralympics
		Since the modern Paralympics include athletes with a wide variety of disabilities, the prefix para is now interpreted to mean parallel.
		The VIII Paralympic Winter Games of 2002 will be held March 7 -16, in Salt Lake City, Utah, and will feature the world's best disabled athletes.
		Paralympic competition includes the sports of biathlon, ice sledge hockey, alpine skiing, and cross-country skiing.
	2002.uen.org /html/sports/paralympics.html (902 words)

	Successful, but ignored - Playing to Win: Canada at the Paralympics - CBC Archives
		The 1996 summer Paralympics are in full swing in Atlanta.
		In Nagano in 1998, he noted that he was one of the few Canadian reporters who stayed behind after the Olympics to cover the Paralympics.
		At the 2002 Winter Paralympics, there was substantial Paralympic coverage for the first time in the United States when the A&E (Arts and Entertainment) Network broadcast daily hour-long highlights during Games.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-41-1363-8437/sports/paralympics/clip6 (594 words)

	ipedia.com: 1998 Winter Olympics Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		See also: 1998 Winter Paralympics The Games of the XVIII Winter Olympiad were held in 1998 in Nagano, Japan.
		The Games of the XVIII Winter Olympiad were held in 1998 in Nagano, Japan.
		Alpine skier Hermann Maier (Austria) survived a fall in the downhill and went on to gold in the super-g and giant slalom.
	www.ipedia.com /1998_winter_olympics.html (274 words)

	CNNSI.com - 2000 Paralympics - IOC and IPC leaders make moves toward merger - Friday October 20, 2000 08:45 AM
		The Paralympic Summer Games have been held in the same city as the Olympics since 1988, although those cities were not obliged to host the Paralympics.
		Recent uncertainty about the commitment of Athens organizers to staging the Paralympics after the 2004 Olympics had hastened negotiations between the IOC and the IPC regarding the single contract issue.
		Athens organizers are yet to commit to hosting the Paralympics, although Steadward said he been given assurances from Greek officials and he was confident a deal would be signed in November.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /paralympics/news/2000/10/20/ioc_ipc_merger (493 words)

	CBC.CA - Torino 2006 Paralympics
		Paralympic alpine skiing events are similar to those contested at the Olympic Games.
		The profile of the sport grew in 1976, when men's and women's slalom and giant slalom events were included in the first Paralympic Winter Games at Ornskoldsvik, Sweden.
		The downhill was added to the roster of events at the 1984 Innsbruck Paralympics, where sit-skiing, which would later become known as mono-skiing, was also brought on as a demonstration sport.
	www.cbc.ca /paralympics/sportprimers/alpineskiing.shtml (633 words)

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