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Topic: 1989 Canadian incumbents

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	Law Office Of Clement Cheng - California Intellectual Property and Business Lawyers
		Canadian political candidates are free to solicit money from foreign and domestic sources, including individuals, trade unions, corporations and other organizations.
		Unlike the United States, the Canadian Supreme Court refused to equate speech with advertising expenditures, and held that limiting advertising expenses did not restrict the speech of political candidates.
		Under the 1989 revision, candidates were reimbursed N.T.$10 (U.S.$0.39) for every vote in excess of seventy 5% of the votes needed for victory.
	www.clemcheng.com /html/campaign_finance.htm (6817 words)

	New Democratic Party - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the Canadian House of Commons, it represents the left wing of the Canadian political spectrum while the Liberal and Conservative parties represent the centre and right wings, respectively.
		In 1989, Broadbent stepped down after 15 years as federal leader of the NDP, although he has recently returned from retirement, and won election to Parliament in the riding of Ottawa Centre in the 2004 election.
		Unlike other Canadian parties, the NDP is integrated with its provincial and territorial parties, such that a member of a provincial or territorial NDP is ipso facto a member of the federal NDP.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/NDP (1990 words)

	PRQ98
		Canadian courts have generally been sympathetic to plans that insure representation of geographic "communities of interest", even when this has meant overrepresentation of rural areas and underrepresentation of urban areas.
		In time periods where an incumbent candidate running did have an effect, the effects went from a modest 4-5 percent to a more substantial 15 percent greater probability that a woman was elected if no incumbent was running.
		Canadian provinces and U.S. states where women have done well in the past tend to be where they continue to do well.
	www.uh.edu /~pols1oj/PoReQu98.html (7483 words)

	Imperial Presidency, by Noam Chomsky
		It is particularly striking because the Canadian observers surely were aware that at the time there were more US mercenaries in South Vietnam as part of the invading US army than there were North Vietnamese – even if we assume that somehow North Vietnamese are not allowed in Vietnam.
		The diplomatic historians who have explored the Canadian archives have not reported any misgivings about the attack against South Vietnam, which by the time of these internal communications, was demolishing the country.
		Recall the concern of Canadian “neutral observers” in the ICC over the possible precedent of Vietnamese aggression in Vietnam, traceable to similar roots, we learn in the US documentary record.
	www.chomsky.info /articles/20041217.htm (6259 words)

	Conservative Canadian Prime Minister-elect espouses positive change
		Incumbents in Parliament have a tremendous advantage, my source said, and they could realize that advantage in four years.
		Canadian media understands that Stephen Harper greatly would expand defense spending.
		Paul M. Weyrich is Chairman and CEO of the Free Congress Research and Education Foundation.
	www.renewamerica.us /columns/weyrich/060127 (1342 words)

	Purcell String Quartet
		The viola and cello chairs each had two incumbents: Streatfeild was succeeded in 1969 by Philippe Etter, and Hampton was replaced in 1989 by Heather Hay.
		From 1972 to 1982 it was the quartet-in-residence at Simon Fraser University, and from 1989 to 1990 it served as the quartet-in-residence at the University of Victoria.
		In the 1980s it also played concerts in other Canadian cities and toured in the USSR (1980), Cuba, Mexico, and Florida (1986), Japan (1987) and France and Great Britain (1989).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0002889 (703 words)

	RCR - REPORT OF JAMES C. MILLER, III
		Another contrived advantage is the ability of incumbents to pressure donors for campaign contributions when there is little evidence of challenge, and to carry over these resources from election to election, continually growing their reserves in order to ward off any potential challenge.
		In sum, an incumbent knows that additional spending on his or her own campaign will be of marginal value in increasing votes (or vote margin), but that spending by an opponent will have a dramatic, threatening effect.
		Incumbents have a considerable advantage here: they have taxpayer-paid press spokesmen; they make news, and thus have more access to the media; and they have access to "inside information," which they communicate to, and curry favor with, the press.
	www.realcampaignreform.org /miller_rpt.htm (8190 words)

	AN OFFER THE TEAMSTERS COULDN'T REFUSE: THE 1989 CONSENT DECREE ESTABLISHING FEDERAL OVERSIGHT AND ENDING MECHANISMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1989, under siege by the government and with RICO dangling like the sword of Damocles, the Teamsters leadership signed a consent decree ceding decisionmaking power of many important internal matters to a variety of court-appointed outside monitors.
		Through a manipulated election and appointment process, these incumbents were able to ensure handpicked successors or to guarantee the reelection of the IBT Executive Board.
		In 1989, after initiating a RICO suit, the government entered into a Consent Decree with the Teamsters that sought to address the corruption that had become indistinguishable from the union itself.
	www.thelaborers.net /lexisnexis/articles/100columlrev2157.htm (10491 words)

	1994 Stakes High for Congressional Democrats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Incumbents always are uneasy in off-year elections, in which candidates of the incumbent president's party often take a beating.
		Among incumbents in those contested seats are five Democrats and three Republicans who are not running for re-election.
		However, even a Republican sweep would be unlikely to persuade the Clinton administration to change its Middle East course, which is guided by the wishes of the incumbent (any incumbent) government in Israel, its Washington, DC lobby, and perceptions of the general consensus among American Jewish supporters of Israel.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0794/9407041.htm (1031 words)

	Commentary No. 65
		In December 1988 (just after the October riots), Chadli was elected to a third term and in early 1989, he initiated a third wave of reform in which he announced his government's intention to make Algeria "a nation of laws".
		On 23 February 1989, a new Algerian constitution was passed with a 92% majority and included the right to form political parties.
		In September 1989, the FIS filed for legal recognition and was certified as a political party.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/para/docs/com65e.htm (4162 words)

	Document View
		For example, a Canadian study of the effects of agricultural exposures was forced to eliminate women since only the husband of a farm family was identified as a farmer in most provincial records (Semenciew et al., 1993).
		An example is the well-known Karasek questionnaire on job demands (Hall, 1989), or strength testing done with instruments validated on male populations (Stevenson et al., 1996; Messing and Stevenson, 1996).
		(1989) have pointed out that there is sometimes confusion between the notions of "unreal" problems and "mental" problems.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2005spring/epid/278/001/Messing.htm (10298 words)

	Ervin's ESL Net - Guest Author: Dimitrios Thanasoulas, "The Importance of Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language ...
		More specifically, when the learner understands the perspectives of others and is offered the opportunity to reflect on his own perspectives, 'through a process of decentering and a level of reciprocity, there arises a moral dimension, a judgmental tendency, which is not defined purely on formal, logical grounds' (Byram, Morgan et al., 1994).
		Language is not an 'autonomous construct' (Fairclough, 1989: vi) but social practice both creating and created by 'the structures and forces of [the] social institutions within which we live and function' (ibid.).
		That language has a setting, in that the people who speak it belong to a race or races and are incumbents of particular cultural roles, is blatantly obvious.
	angolsuli.education.directnic.com /dimit24.htm (9488 words)

	Slashing Congressional Spending, Part I: Congressional Pay, Pensions, Perks, and Staff
		The "ethics reform" passed by Congress in 1989 provided for annual cost of living adjustments (COLAs) derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' index of wages and salaries in private industry so that lawmakers would never have to vote on politically explosive pay raises.
		This would permit lawmakers to retain an authentic connection to the districts they represent by living and working there, rather than acquiring a Washington mindset that often is antithetical to the desires of their constituents.
		Constituent service not only distracts legislators and their staff from the work they were elected to do, but also undermines competitive elections by permitting incumbents to take credit for independent good works that obscure their legislative record.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Budget/BG1034.cfm (6149 words)

	ICPSR Data Files - U of Calgary
		Information includes the month and day of death for deaths prior to 1989 and the month of death for deaths in 1989 and after, the sex of the deceased, the age of the deceased at the time of death, the deceased's place of residence, place of death, and whether an autopsy was performed.
		Starting with the 1989 vital event files, a new policy on the release of vital statistics unit record data files was implemented to prevent the inadvertent disclosure of the identities of individuals and institutions.
		As a result, the 1989 and later year files do not contain the actual day of the death or date of birth of the decedent.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~landru/adc/icpsr.html (8524 words)

	The Baha'i Faith in America as Panopticon, 1963-1997
		At the very least, there is a widespread perception among some portions of the community that such subtle signals from incumbents do form a sort of nomination procedure.
		The prohibition of nominations and campaigning leads administrators to feel a need for strict controls on Baha’i discourse, and often to the avoidance of even mentioning leaders by name in public, which would be construed as “backbiting.” The ban on campaigning can become a ban on visibility or on any sort of critical thinking.
		It is perhaps not incidental that the controls on electioneering and other forms of communication have the side effect of ensuring that criticism of those in power cannot achieve wide circulation, and that the incumbents who exercise that control are reelected every year.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jrcole/bahai/1999/jssr/bhjssr.htm (8296 words)

	New Perspectives and Evidence on Political Communication and Campaign Effects
		Franklin's study of U.S. Senate campaigns found that voters were more precise in their perceptions of their incumbent senator's position on a liberal-conservative scale when exposed to a senatorial campaign featuring the incumbent (Franklin, 1993).
		Contrary to the prevailing wisdom, the information they yield is multifaceted encompassing the candidates' chances of winning, their personal traits and mannerisms, and, most importantly, their policy and ideological bearings.
		In short, when studying campaigns of differential loudness, the interactions that define campaign effects become more complex; voters' preferences become a function of the volume/intensity of the contestants' appeals, voters' partisan preferences, and their level of exposure to the campaign.
	www.stanford.edu /~siyengar/research/papers/effectsreview.html (7314 words)

	NCSL Desk Studies: Public Participation and Confidence in the Legislature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		And elsewhere, in the context of an established democracy, I have suggested that in a society ruled by consent of the governed, public support is vital.
		A comparative analysis of public opinion surveys in Canada, Britain and the United States found that British and Canadian citizens are much more knowledgeable about their national parliaments than Americans.
		The comparative analysis of British, Canadian and U.S. public opinion about parliament notes that reporting in Canada pays more attention to policy and governing and is less character-driven than U.S. reporting.
	www.ncsl.org /public/internat/kurtz2.htm (8162 words)

	1989 in Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See also: 1988 in Canada, other events of 1989, 1990 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.
		December 2 - Audrey McLaughlin is elected head of the NDP replacing Ed Broadbent becoming the first female major party leader in Canadian history
		See 1989 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1989_in_Canada (410 words)

	CBC News - Viewpoint: Georgie Binks
		Yep, sometimes the morning after can be frightening — especially if you are a Canadian woman and a party that has never made the equality of women a priority is now running the show.
		The Liberals have been wooing us with their lines of "Of course, we believe in day care," but delivering it so slowly, potential day care candidates are grown up and looking for day care for their own kids.
		In fact, Canadian women now in university and entering the work force, would have been toddlers in 1989 when Chantal Daigle fought for an abortion after her boyfriend Jean-Guy Tremblay sought an injunction to block the procedure.
	www.cbc.ca /news/viewpoint/vp_binks/20060124.html (1199 words)

	brazilianpolitics.com :: Published Papers on Brazilian Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He states that by implementing a “participatory budget” since 1989, the local government has introduced a policy combining a substantial amount of government investment in social programs with a successful state-sponsored effort at capacitating civic groups to control the investment and so dramatically improve their quality of life.
		The Brazilian incumbent legislators have five major choices of political career: to withdraw from the elected political game (to retire); to run for local legislative position (regressive ambition); to run for re-election (static ambition); and to run for higher offices (progressive ambition).
		A nested logit regression was used to estimate the impact of the distinct political strategies used by incumbents during their terms and their previous electoral campaigns in their choices of career.
	www.brazilianpolitics.com /papers (9925 words)

	Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Northern Dreamers
		By 1989, my wife and I had one hundred thousand dollars in the bank — enough so that I felt comfortable quitting the non-fiction work and trying to become a full-time SF writer; I knew I'd never get a novel written if I tried to do it around my commitments to my clients.
		Illegal Alien are both set in the States, but still have major Canadian content; I had to set them in the States because Canada is just too nice a country for the stories I wanted to tell.
		I was stunned by the utter lack of professionalism of most aspirant Canadian writers.
	www.sfwriter.com /aredo.htm (4601 words)

	Inside Edge - NJ Politics @ PoliticsNJ.com: Trivia Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He was removed from office in 1980 after his conviction on federal corruption charges; just before his sentencing, he faked his death in a scuba diving accident off the coast of India and remained free until his capture in the Maldive Islands several years later.
		Perhaps the subcommittee's darkest moment came in April 1957, when E. Herbert Norman, the Canadian Ambassador to Egypt, committed suicide after learning that the subcommittee was reopening a 1951 investigation that centered on his purported membership in a 1938 Communist study group in Provincetown, Mass.
		Ultimately, Kean was unwilling to create a situation where his party would run an incumbent in the '82 general election at the risk of choosing between friends.
	politics.nexcess.net /insideedge/trivia (13347 words)

	ZOLTAN L HAJNAL
		Black Leadership, White Response: Why White Americans Vote for Black Incumbents Book Project: This book explores a startling puzzle in white voter behavior: white voters vote overwhelmingly against a fl candidate running for office for the first time, but switch their support in large numbers once that fl candidate is elected.
		I argue that fl incumbents win white support, not because they run better campaigns, face weaker opponents or pursue better policies, but because they are able to disprove the fears and expectations of the white population.
		A series of empirical tests of changes in white voting patterns, election results, and white racial attitudes confirms the primary role that racial learning plays in the reaction of white voters to fl incumbents.
	polisci.ucsd.edu /faculty/zoltan_l.htm (745 words)

	LABOR UNIONS AS AN ELEMENT IN ADEMOCRATIC FORCES@ IN CIVIL AFRICAN CIVIL SOCIETY: RECENT POLITICAL TRANSITIONS IN NIGER
		In 1989 some USTN affiliates emerged for the first time in decades as a voice for democratization when at its Congress in Maradi key unions such as those representing customs and tax collection (SNAD and SNIT) called for a return to multi-partyism, and adopted positions sharply critical of the government’s structural adjustment policies.
		One response was the formation of clandestine political movements which began to organize in secret to challenge the incumbents and perhaps the entire political economic orientation of the central state.
		Throughout 1989 and 1990 the pace of demands for change accelerated.
	www.csuohio.edu /polisci/bob/niglabor.htm (9351 words)

	Quanwu Zhang. “An intervention model of constructive conflict resolution and cooperative learning.”
		The two Koreas are now bound to carry out the duties incumbent on all UN members for the maintenance of world peace.
		Bipolar nuclear deterrence, which was in use from 1945 to 1989, was relatively effective but also risky and expensive.
		ABSTRACT: Michel Sartori, a sergeant in the Canadian Army, was detained by Bosnian serbs three times for a total of six days while he was serving with UN peacekeepers in Bosnia.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/peace/lin/q-s.html (18365 words)

	Yukoners decided not time for change: Fentie
		The Yukon Party made history Tuesday when it became the first party since 1989 to win a second term in government.
		Canadians will likely have to show their health card or drivers' licence to vote in the next federal election.
		A New York jury on Tuesday found a Texas college professor guilty of two misdemeanour counts of criminal possession of items once owned by Canadian classical pianist Glenn Gould, a result her lawyer said was a huge victory.
	www.cbc.ca /canada/yukonvotes2006/story/2006/10/11/yv-majority.html (1171 words)

	Participants: Challenges to Genuine Democratization in the Arab World: Muslim World Initiative: Projects: U.S. ...
		Campbell is a fellow at the Queen's University Center for the Study of Democracy and sits on the board of directors of IMPACS, the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society, based in Vancouver, BC, Canada.
		Campbell was chief of staff to the leader of the New Democratic Party in the Canadian House of Commons.
		Marc F. Plattner is vice-president for research and studies at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), codirector of the International Forum for Democratic Studies, and coeditor of the Journal of Democracy, a quarterly publication that addresses the problems and prospects of democracy around the world.
	www.usip.org /muslimworld/projects/participants.html (3212 words)

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