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Topic: 1990 in South Africa

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	UNHCR - South Africa: Current situation.
		The State of Emergency was partially lifted by President F.W. de Klerk on June 7, 1990 (Keesing's Record of World Events, June 1990, 37522).
		On 15 September 1990, measures to deal with the intra-fl violence were announced in an operation code-named "Iron Fist" (Keesing's Record of World Events, September 1990, 37698).
		South African police announced on September 15 that they would set up roadblocks, search for weapons and send in reinforcements to halt the bloodshed that has claimed almost 800 lives since erupting on August 12 in townships around Johannesburg (The Associated Press, 17 September 1990).
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3ae6ac187e.html (723 words)

	Geotimes - December 2003 - South Africa's Geological Gifts
		South Africa has a long and complex geological history which goes back some 3.7 billion years, and the country is blessed with an amazing array of mineral resources of various ages.
		South Africa is the only country in the world where diamonds are extracted from both kimberlite pipes and dykes or fissures, as well as from both onshore and offshore (marine) alluvial deposits.
		By the 1960s, South Africa had become a major exporter of chromite ore, and this continued to be the case into the 1970s, when local industries gave increasing attention to the local manufacture of chromium ferro-alloys.
	www.geotimes.org /dec03/feature_SAfrica.html (2971 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Africa : South Africa
		South Africa is emerging as a leader in the field of mine detection and mine clearance equipment and technology.
		Unpunished attacks on foreigners in South Africa are disturbingly common; and foreigners are regularly victimized by the South African police,the army, and by guards at detention facilities.
		The greatest obstacle to the transition to a peaceful democracy in South Africa is the political violence that continues to rage in the fl townships.
	hrw.org /reports/world/southafrica-pubs.php (2422 words)

	South Africa's Nuclear Autopsy
		South Africa's Hangklip test range at Rooi Els, which was equipped for large rocket tests, is reverting to a nature reserve.
		South Africa still has the large Overberg Test Range, an ideal spot for launching foreign satellites, but "its future is on hold while South Africa looks for foreign partners," says a U.S. official who has inspected the site.
		South Africa is still paying for its decision to smuggle parts for its ballistic missile program.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /countries/safrica/autopsy.html (2033 words)

	South Africa - Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
		South Africa has a broad and well-developed agricultural sector and is a net food exporter in most years.
		Moreover, South Africa faced reduced harvests as a result of severe drought in the early 1990s, forcing the government to spend vital foreign exchange on food imports.
		South Africa became the world's fourth-largest exporter of wool by the late 1940s, and is consistently among the world's top ten wool producers, with an output of about 100,000 tons in most years.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/67.htm (2332 words)

	From South Africa with Love
		South Africa has the unfortunate distinction of being one of the world's most disparate societies.
		Along with Brazil, another country known for its shantytowns, South Africa has the largest gap between the rich and the poor.
		South Africa will host the World Cup in 2010 and the more cynical here might suggest that plans to modernize the strip of shacks lining the highway from the airport are a more sophisticated version of the imported sand dunes of the apartheid era.
	suejaye.com /webexhibit/essay.html (869 words)

	Welcome to South Africa
		The novel put South Africa on the map of international politics by making visible to Western audiences the effects of racial prejudice and the oppression of fl people.
		At the same time as the Drum generation was creating the first urban fl voice, one of South Africa's most important white writers was beginning her long, distinguished career.
		Between those two dates, her many novels and short stories articulated key issues for white South Africans sympathetic to the plight of disenfranchised fls, as well as providing for the outside world a devastating picture of what it was like to live under apartheid.
	www.southafrica.net /index.cfm?SitePageID=1606 (721 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: South Africa: Missile Chronology
		South Africa appears on a British Department of Trade list of 33 countries considered as sensitive destinations, due to concern over evidence that exports are used in its ballistic missile and nuclear programs.
		South Africa's strategy was that "if the situation in southern Africa were to deteriorate seriously," the government would confidentially indicate its deterrent capability to one or more of the major powersâ”such as the United Statesâ”in order to persuade them to intervene.
		South Africa is one of 44 countries that must ratify the CTBT for it to take legal force, and South Africa will host five monitoring stations established to verify the treaty.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/SAfrica/Missile/1622_1654.html (6146 words)

	allAfrica.com: Southern Africa: Empire in Africa: Angola and Its Neighbors (Page 1 of 1)
		It was the last region in Africa to get its independence (Angola, Sao Tome and Principe, and Mozambique in 1975, Zimbabwe in 1980, Namibia in 1990, and South Africa in 1994), almost two decades after the rest of sub-Saharan Africa had begun to gain its independence.
		The region is also distinctive because of the influence of South Africa and white settler communities in the region.
		South Africa especially used its influence as a tool of destabilization in the country and had its hands dirty throughout Angola’s civil war.
	allafrica.com /stories/200607280130.html (1096 words)

	South Africa Travel Information - African Vacation Accommodation
		South Africa has experienced a significantly different evolution from other nations in Africa arising primarily from two facts; immigration from Europe reached levels not experienced in other African communities and a level of mineralogical wealth that made the country extremely important to Western interests, particularly during the Cold War.
		The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état, and regular elections have been held for almost a century; however, the vast majority of fl South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994.
		South Africa is often referred to as The Rainbow Nation - a term coined by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and later elaborated upon by then-President Nelson Mandela as a metaphor to describe the country's newly-developing multicultural diversity in the wake of segregationist apartheid ideology.
	www.africanvacation.co.za /africanvacations/southafrica_travel_information.html (380 words)

	South Africa - The Quest for Peace
		By late 1990, three of them had been accomplished--the government had entered into multiracial negotiations, had removed bans on multiracial political organizations, and had lifted the state of emergency in Natal.
		The climate of uncertainty spread to the homelands during 1990 and 1991.
		A series of legislative decisions and political breakthroughs in 1990 moved South Africa closer to multiracial democracy, but at the end of the year, it was clear that many obstacles remained.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/35.htm (1295 words)

	South Africa Adventure Travel - South Africa Overland Tours - South Africa Map
		Jump to all overland tours that pass through South Africa.
		South Africa is often referred to as the land of contrasts due to the diverse array of wildlife, natural beauty and indigenous vegetation (Fynbos).
		South Africa is rich in culture and offers its visitors breathtaking views combined with a friendly nation.
	www.overlandingafrica.com /south-africa.php (450 words)

	Painting the picture - impact of AIDS ondevelopment in Africa
		The Actuarial Society of South Africa model predicts the HIV epidemic will peak around 2005 when close to four million South African women and eight million South Africans will be HIV positive.
		In 1990 the ANC was unbanned, Nelson Mandela freed and the country set on a path towards democratic government.
		During the 1990s South Africa saw the transition (and the passing of the Presidency from Mandela to Mbeki), Mozambique's long running civil war came to an end and the region seemed poised for an era of prosperity.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2003/june/aids.htm (1251 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Country profiles \| Timeline: South Africa
		1910 - Formation of Union of South Africa by former British colonies of the Cape and Natal, and the Boer republics of Transvaal, and Orange Free State.
		South Africa takes seat in UN General Assembly after 20-year absence.
		The decision is hailed as a victory for the world's poorest countries in their efforts to import cheaper drugs to combat the virus.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1069402.stm (1165 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: South Africa: Missile Facilities
		The South African missile development program started in the late 1970s, and culminated with the launch of a version of the Israeli Jericho II missile on 5 July 1989, from the Overberg test site.
		In 1968, the South African government set up the Armaments Development Corporation of South Africa (Armscor) with the mandate to develop the domestic defense industry and supervise arms manufacture.
		The 1977, a UN mandatory arms embargo imposed on South Africa was a turning point for the defense industry, and led to establishment of new production facilities by Armscor.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/SAfrica/Missile/1601.html (539 words)

	MoMA.org \| Exhibitons \| 1998 \| David Goldblatt: Photographs from South Africa
		David Goldblatt was drawn "to the quiet and commonplace, where nothing 'happened', and yet all was contained and immanent..." His photographs of the architecture of South Africa's diverse and complexly related peoples have grown from this preoccupation.
		David Goldblatt was born in 1930 in Randfontein, South Africa, the son of Lithuanian-Jewish parents who had fled Europe with their parents in the 1890s.
		Goldblatt's photographs are in the collections of the South African National Gallery, Cape Town; the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; and The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
	www.moma.org /exhibitions/1998/goldblatt/index.html (517 words)

	eBay Store - South Africa Coins: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		South Africa 1990 8 pc Proof Set Original in SAM case
		South Africa 1991 8 pc Proof Set Original in SAM case
		South Africa 1993 8 pc Proof Set Original in SAM case
	stores.ebay.com /South-Africa-Coins (286 words)

	Engineering Profession of South Africa Act, 1990
		To provide for the establishment of an Engineering Council of South Africa; for the registration of professional engineers, engineers in training, professional technologists (engineering), engineering technologists in training, certificated engineers, certificated engineers in training, engineering technicians and engineering technicians in training; and for matters connected therewith.
		(1) Unless he is a South African citizen, no person shall be appointed as a member of the council in terms of section 3(1) or as an alternate member of the council in terms of section 3(4).
		(j) was appointed under section 3(1)(h) or (i) and ceases to be a member of the teaching staff of a university or of a technikon in the Republic of South Africa, as the case may be.
	www.ecsa.co.za /Legal/1Acts/2EngProfSAAct_1990.htm (4800 words)

	2010 Fifa World Cup South Africa - SouthAfrica.info
		The dates for the 2010 Football World Cup have been set for 11 June to 11 July, and the allocation of places will be the same as for 2006, meaning that - with South Africa granted an automatic berth as the host country - Africa will have one extra team at the tournament.
		South Africa has hosted numerous major international events - but the Football World Cup is in a class of its own.
		Gallery: Fifa 2010 World Cup SA In 2010 South Africa will host the Fifa Football World Cup, the first time the world's premier sporting event will be held on African soil.
	www.southafrica.info /2010 (357 words)

	Travel in Windhoek - Namibia - Africa - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		While the new nation still depends on South Africa for some foodstuff (and wines) the local ranching, fishing industries and mining are productive, along with growing tourism.
		The Singing Rocks south of Goageb are resonant fl limestone.
		Poaching is minimal and the main threat to the wildlife is loss of habitat, which is true for elephants throughout Africa and Asia.
	www.africatravelling.net /namibia/windhoek/windhoek_history.htm (354 words)

	UNHCR - South Africa: Current information on Zulu attacks against the Setswana tribe, and whether these regard each ...
		Recent (1985 - 1992) references to an ongoing inter-ethnic or inter-tribal conflict between the Setswana or Tswana and the Zulu in South Africa could not be found among the sources currently available to the IRBDC.
		The attached documents refer to conflicts which reportedly have an element of ethnicity, although it is indicated that the conflicts occur largely as a struggle for political power and control.
		An oral source stated that South African townships are largely divided along ethnic lines, although they are also divided according to political affiliation (Private Consultant 6 May 1992).
	www.unhcr.org /home/RSDCOI/3ae6aaeb30.html (514 words)

	1991 in South Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See also: 1990 in South Africa, other events of 1991, 1992 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history.
		29 January - Frederik Willem de Klerk, State President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, deputy-president of the African National Congress, and Mangosuthu Buthelezi, leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party, meet for peace talks
		9 July - Suspension of South Africa from the International Olympic Committee is lifted
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1991_in_South_Africa (394 words)

	U Turn Travel Destination Holidays In South Africa / Travel South Africa
		Thousands of Afrikaner women and children died in the world's first concentration camps en route to the British victory.In 1910 the Union of South Africa was created, giving political control to the whites.
		The suppression of fl resistance included such atrocities as the Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the shooting of school children in Soweto in 1976, the forced evacuation and bulldozing of squatter settlements and the systematic torture and murder of political activists such as Steve Biko.
		Meanwhile, South Africa was becoming more isolated after successful fl liberation struggles in Angola, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, all of which brought Marxist-leaning governments to power.
	southafrica.qttsclips.com (1390 words)

	SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA (1986)
		The United States recognizes that important and legitimate political parties in South Africa include several organizations that have been banned and will work for the unbanning of such organizations in order to permit legitimate political viewpoints to be represented at such negotiations.
		(2) the situation in South Africa constitutes an emergency in international relations and that action is necessary for the protection of the essential security interests of the United States.
		(b) It is the sense of the Congress that United States employers operating in South Africa are obliged both generally to actively oppose the policy and practices of apartheid and specifically to engage in recruitment and training of fl and colored South Africans for management responsibilities.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/democrac/56.htm (3118 words)

	'Hundreds killed' by South Africa's border fence - 27 January 1990 - New Scientist
		CONCERN is growing in South Africa over the country's use of a lethal, 3500 volt electrified fence on its borders with Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
		The use of electrified fencing to guard property is widespread in South Africa.
		The live wire of the fence is surrounded by coils of razor tape, a South African invention and export.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg12517011.000.html (1025 words)

	Foreign Affairs - South Africa 1990 - Steven Mufson
		In February 1990, twenty-seven and a half years after he was captured by police along a lonely road in Natal province, Nelson Mandela walked out of prison before a live international television audience.
		Even before setting foot outside the prison farm where he was last held, Mandela helped persuade the new South African President Frederik Willem de Klerk to free most of the leading political prisoners and legalize long-banned political organizations including Mandela's African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party.
		If a new political order is to have any legitimacy, or if it is to have any hope of outliving de Klerk and Mandela, it cannot be a deal between two men, whatever their stature.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19910201faessay6073/steven-mufson/south-africa-1990.html (684 words)

	The Apartheid State in Crisis: Political Transformation in South Africa, 1975-1990
		The Apartheid State in Crisis: Political Transformation in South Africa, 1975-1990
		This feature allows you to create and manage separate folders for your different research projects.
		Choose a subscription plan to save tons of time, stress and hassle, and experience faster, easier research.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=24353043 (348 words)

	South Africa Economy 1990 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Overview: Many of the white one-seventh of the South African population enjoy incomes, material comforts, and health and educational standards equal to those of Western Europe.
		In contrast, most of the remaining population suffers from the poverty patterns of the Third World, including unemployment, lack of job skills, and barriers to movement into higher-paying fields.
		Inputs and outputs thus do not move smoothly into the most productive employments, and the effectiveness of the market is further lowered by international constraints on dealings with South Africa.
	www.theodora.com /wfb1990/south_africa/south_africa_economy.html (345 words)

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