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	Science Curriculum Reform in the United States
		As opposed to the traditional curriculum in which science is taught in year-long and separate disciplines, referred to as the "layer-cake approach," the NSTA project provides for spacing the study of each of the sciences during several years.
		Second, the rigid disciplinary boundaries of earth science, biology, chemistry, and physics should be softened and greater emphasis placed on connections among the sciences and among disciplines generally thought of as outside of school science, such as technology, mathematics, ethics, and social situations (Confrey, 1990; Newmann, 1988).
		Science educators must view reform, holistically and systemically as the reconstruction of science education for K-12 and include all courses and students, a staff development program, reform of science teacher preparation, and support from school administrators.
	www.nationalacademies.org /rise/backg3a.htm (2832 words)

	release 1991 1377ALU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Science teams on the Ulysses mission to the poles of the sun are preparing to begin physics investigations during the forthcoming encounter with Jupiter, European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA project officials reported Tuesday.
		Edward J. Smith of JPL and Klaus-Peter Wenzel of the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) at the 1991 Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Baltimore, Md. Smith and Wenzel are the NASA and European project scientists, respectively, for the joint NASA-ESA mission.
		The Ulysses spacecraft is presently traveling in the ecliptic plane -- the plane in which the planets of the solar system orbit -- on a trajectory that will use the gravity of Jupiter to deflect Ulysses out of the ecliptic plane and onward to the polar regions of the sun.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/91/release_1991_1377ALU.html (449 words)

	Science, 251:25, 1991
		Close behind were the biological sciences (41.3%), the geosciences (43.6%), and medicine (46.4%).
		Political science (90.1%), international relations (82.8%), language and linguistics (79.8%), anthropology (79.5%), sociology (77.4%), business (76.6%), and archeology (76%) all exceeded the social science average of 74.7%.
		And, in one curious anomaly, articles in history (95.5%) and philosophy (92.1%) were relatively uncited, while those in history and philosophy of science (29.2%) were not.
	garfield.library.upenn.edu /papers/hamilton2.html (577 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : 1991 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
		January 2 - Sharon Pratt Dixon is sworn in as mayor of Washington, DC becoming the first fl woman to lead a city of that size and importance.
		Four Los Angeles, California police officers are indicted for the videotaped March 3, 1991 beating of motorist Rodney King during an arrest.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /1991 (3352 words)

	release 1991 1377ALT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Science teams on the Ulysses mission to the poles of the sun are preparing to begin interplanetary physics investigations during the forthcoming encounter with Jupiter, European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA project officials reported Tuesday.
		The Ulysses spacecraft is presently cruising through the ecliptic plane -- the plane in which the planets of the solar system orbit -- on a trajectory that will use the gravity of Jupiter to deflect Ulysses out of the ecliptic plane and onward to the polar regions of the sun.
		Science teams will conduct experiments to detect cosmic gamma-ray bursts, X-ray emissions and search for gravitational waves.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/91/release_1991_1377ALT.html (462 words)

	Fantasy & Science Fiction - June 1991 - Books to Look For
		Science fiction has been noted in the past for many inspired collaborations, in which the combination of two fine writers results in fiction that is excellent and yet different from both writers' solo work.
		A worshipful attitude toward "lost human science" is one of the most troubling things about golden-age sf, and The Singers of Time certainly has that view of the scientist as godling, of science itself as the nirvana-like apprehension of Truth.
		The mystical view of scientists and of science is deceptive and harmful, both for scientists and non-scientists, and this book has a serious case of science worship.
	www.hatrack.com /osc/reviews/f&sf/91-06.html (1251 words)

	November 13, 1991, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This article is provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research community.
		Carla Helfferich is a science writer at the Institute.
		On a bright summer day in 1987, researcher Jane E. Francis was busy with her wood saws on Axel Heiberg Island, high in the Canadian Arctic.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF10/1056.html (660 words)

	Plant Science Bulletin - 1991, Volume 37, Issue 2
		The MISSION of The Society is to promote botany, the field of basic science dealing with the study and inquiry into the form, function, diversity, reproduction, evolution, and uses of plants and their interactions within the biosphere.
		Because of the low level or often total lack of funds available for basic research in the plant sciences, botany and biology departments and university administrators are often reluctant to hire or retain faculty in the area of botany.
		Therefore funding in the plant science area is important in order to encourage new students to study plants and their basic biology.
	www.botany.org /PlantScienceBulletin/psb-1991-37-2.php (12057 words)

	Science and Homosexuality
		However, there are still some who claim that science has found a “gay gene.” Let’s take a look at the research that’s been done to try and find a genetic cause for homosexuality.
		In 1991 Simon LeVay studied the brains of the cadavers of thirty-five men, nineteen of whom he believed were homosexuals and sixteen of whom he believed were heterosexuals.
		Michael-Bailey and Richard Pillard published a study in the Archives of General Psychiatry in December of 1991 on the prevalence of homosexuality among twins.
	www.inqueery.com /html/science_and_homosexuality.html (1678 words)

	Environment Science and Society
		Research is carried out in the natural sciences, medical and bio-sciences, humanities and the social sciences.
		Environment, Science and Society (ESS) is a major research project funded by the European Science Foundation, involving around 80 recognised social scientists from over a dozen European countries.
		The essays will examine the state of science, the work of the Mediterranean Action Plan and the Blue Plan, and the design of imaginative approaches to problem identification and problem solving in the context of the Mediterranean Basin.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/008-577/008-577.html (5319 words)

	Gender and Science
		At the same time scholars in a newly developing field called science studies began to analyze science as a cultural product, and feminist scholars began to use insights from science studies.
		Women and Science Bibliography (this is one of the most comprehensive bibliographies available).
		National Science Foundation (is the source of current data on PhD's awarded to women and minorities in science).
	bms.brown.edu /faculty/f/afs/gender_and_science.htm (591 words)

	Fullerene Science Module
		Since 1991, the pace of discovery in fullerene science has continued to accelerate.
		One goal of this module is to give students a feeling for how science is actually done and a taste of the excitement of scientific discovery.
		We believe that fullerene science provides an ideal vehicle for communicating that excitement; it is timely, rapidly-evolving, multidisciplinary, and even appealing on an aesthetic level.
	www.chemistry.wustl.edu /~edudev/Fullerene/introduction.html (414 words)

	Science PolicyScience Policy
		Science the Endless Frontier: A Report to the President.
		Science Policy Background Report No. 1, Task Force on Science Policy, House Committee on Science and Technology.
		Toward a Science Policy for the United States: Report of the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development.
	www.cmu.edu /coldwar/scipol.htm (1393 words)

	Seminar in Science Education: Readings
		Cajas, F. Introducing technology in science education: The case of Guatemala.
		Aikenhead and Jegede, Cross-Cultural Science Education: A Cognitive Explanation of a Cultural Phenomenon.
		When prompted to think about science in Africa, one tends to consider the search for the missing links in the human lineage, begun in the Rift Valley and now drifting northwards into Ethiopia.
	sce6938-01.fa00.fsu.edu /readings.html (1253 words)

	Carnegie Science Center: Background Information
		A leader in science and technology education, Carnegie Science Center attracts more than 600,000 visitors each year and is one of the top science centers in the country.
		The Science Center is located along the Ohio River on the North Shore with spectacular views of the downtown area and Mount Washington.
		Carnegie Science Center is the resource to learn more about science, math and technology initiatives for educators, students and families in our Tri-State area.
	www.carnegiesciencecenter.org /default.aspx?pageId=196 (410 words)

	Chevron - Community Engagement - Family Science
		Launched in 1991, the Family Science program encourages children of diverse backgrounds to pursue careers in the sciences - fields critical to the global economy and to the energy industry.
		By including the children's parents in the training, Family Science increases the likelihood that learning and an interest in science will continue outside the classroom, especially at home.
		Family Science reflects Chevron's strong commitment to quality education and to building the work force of the future in the communities it serves.
	www.chevron.com /social_responsibility/community/programs_family.asp (248 words)

	Plant Science Bulletin - 1991, Volume 37, Issue 3
		At the 1991 meeting, the Committee recommended Council approval of two resolutions that were submitted to the council from the spring meeting of the Executive Committee [see p.
		This meeting was typical of CSSP format in highlighting a subject —"Perspectives on Energy Technology and Science" — by inviting a number of distinguished speakers and devoting about one third of a day to meetings with members of Congress and their staff, and two-thirds of a day to debating and developing resolutions.
		The Cacapon River, a Potomac tributary in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, is one of the healthiest streams in the mid-Atlantic region.
	www.botany.org /PlantScienceBulletin/psb-1991-37-3.php (16451 words)

	Smith College Libraries: Science Library
		When the collections were merged in 1965, the Science Library was housed in Sabin-Reed Hall.
		In 1991, the Science Library moved into Bass Hall and was named for benefactors Anita O'K.and Robert R. Young.
		Read more about the Young Science Library and the science collections, including the Class of 1935 Map Room, on the libraries' web site under Smith Libraries and Collections.
	www.smith.edu /library/fyi/110.htm (106 words)

	1991 Pacific Science Congress Paper
		What was once within the realm of "science fiction" was rapidly moving into the area of science fact and educational paradigms began to shift.
		In operation since 1976, thousands of individuals have availed themselves of the courses and in the Spring of 1991, twenty-four upper division CSU, Chico courses were broadcast for seventy-four hours a week to the residents of Northern California via the ITFS system (Please see Figure #1 for the distribution in Northern California).
		In April of 1991, for example, a compressed videoconferencing system was established between CSU, Sacramento and CSU, Bakersfield and as pointed out: "With the state's fast-rising population and geographic vastness, video teleconferencing will be a key tool in meeting the needs of new students" (Larry Hicks 1991, page E3).
	www.csuchico.edu /~curban/Unpub_Papers/1991PacificScienceCongress.html (5782 words)

	Evolution News & Views: Science Editorializes over Discovery Institute
		The current issue of the journal Science gave us further proof that the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has no interest in being a neutral or fair participant in the debate over ID and evolution.
		Recently, indeed, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the organization that publishes Science) has declared officially that in its opinion Intelligent Design is not so much bad science as no science at all and accordingly has no legitimate place in the science classrooms of the United States.”
		Casey Luskin reported last week about Science magazine's Constance Holden dubbing Discovery Institute "creationism's main think tank."The current issue of the journal Science gave us further proof that the AAAS has no interest in being a neutral or fai...
	www.evolutionnews.org /2006/06/science_editorializes_over_dis_1.html (733 words)

	The World Science Fiction Society - 1991 Minutes
		A committee shall be appointed and shall be charged with the incorporation of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS) as a non-profit, literary society for the promotion of science fiction and the oversight of the annual World Sclence Fiction Convention (WorldCon).
		Such a corporation shall have a board of directors elected by the paid membership of WSFS and shall be empowered to hire, lease, contract for, purchase such personnel, equipment, and services necessary to the administration of the society.
		The committee was the busiest it has ever been and came the closest to bringing a lawsuit this past year due to a case of infringement against the Worldcon mark in the United States.
	worldcon.org /bm/pre-1998/w1991.htm (13101 words)

	Soulfly Web - Chico Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chico Science was engaged in hip hop and break dance groups in the early 80s.
		The fusion with Northeastern rhythms, especially maracatu, came in 1991, when Science met with rhythmic group Lamento Negro in the outskirts of the town of Olinda.
		As a band, Chico Science and Nacao Zumbi started performing in Recife and Olinda, generating the Mangue Beat "movement", which included a manifesto.
	www.soulflyweb.com /chicoscience.html (231 words)

	Essays of an Information Scientist:1991 - Science Reviews, Journalism, Inventiveness and Other Essays
		Excerpt from the introduction to the international encyclpedia of the social sciences.
		Science times exemplifies role of newspapers in reporting and interpreting science and technology.
		Science, Medicine, and Animals, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /volume14.html (1035 words)

	Science -- Published E-Letter responses for Taylor et al., 296 (5575) 1991-1995
		Science -- Published E-Letter responses for Taylor et al., 296 (5575) 1991-1995
		FASEB J. 1858-60 (2001), originally published online June 27, 2001, 10.1096/fj.00-0815fje [ PubMed ] [ Full Text ] [ Post-publication account in Science ] [ Article Preface ] [ Related eLetters ].
		© 2006 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/eletters/296/5575/1991 (651 words)

	Science Frontiers Anomalies Search Results
		Science Frontiers is the bimonthly newsletter providing digests of reports that describe scientific anomalies; that is, those observations and facts that challenge prevailing scientific paradigms.
		In this context, the newsletter Science Frontiers is the appetizer and the Catalog of Anomalies is the main course.
		Science Frontiers ONLINE No. 37: Jan-Feb 1985 Issue Contents Other pages Home Page Science Frontiers Online All Issues This Issue Sourcebook Project Sourcebook Subjects The genome's responses to challenges The genome is an organism's genetic endowment.
	www.science-frontiers.com /online/search.cgi?zoom_query=genome&zoom_per_page=50&zoom_and=1&zoom_sort=0 (1481 words)

	Links and Books - Science Fair Central - DiscoverySchool.com
		Whether your students are choosing a topic or writing their final report, direct them to helpful outside resources for ideas and information.
		For terrific online resources, see the recommended earth science sites in Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators.
		For terrific online resources, see the recommended general science sites in Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators.
	school.discovery.com /sciencefaircentral/scifairstudio/resources.html (276 words)

	Virginia Institute for Public Policy - Board of Scholars
		Patrick J. Michaels is research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia and senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato institute.
		Vernon L. Smith, the 2002 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economic Science, is professor of economics and law at George Mason University and a research scholar at the interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science.
		Smith was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1995 and received the California institute of Technology’s distinguished alumni award in 1996.
	www.virginiainstitute.org /scholars.php (8774 words)

	Computer & Information Science / Technical Report 1991
		In a sense, the translation only involves explicitly axiomatizing in L-lambda the notions of equality and substitution of the simply typed lambda-calculus: the rest of the unification process can be viewed as simply an interpreter of L-lambda searching for proofs using those axioms.
		Based on the height information of the border of the occluded regions and geometry of the edges of the polygonal approximation, the next views in the same scanning plane the directions of the next scanning planes for further data acquisition are computed.
		This report was originally written to fulfill in part the requirements of the author's WPE examinations, part of the qualifying examinations for the University of Pennsylvania'a Computer Science Ph.D program.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /departmental/reports/1991.shtml (13315 words)

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