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Topic: 1992 elections

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	Lebanon's First Postwar Parliamentary Election, 1992: An Imposed Choice - Part 3
		In contrast to the parliamentary elections of 1960, which were held two years after the 1958 crisis and after the crisis was settled, the 1992 elections were held amid heated debates over unresolved problems left by the war.
		This is not attributable to the neutrality of the state and its refusal to intervene in elections, but to the decline in the state's role in overseeing the country's general political course, and to the decline in its influence as a principal, effective actor in political life.
		It was evident that the internal and external circumstances that surrounded the holding of the 1992 election reflected the peculiar nature of the state of affairs that prevails in postwar Lebanon.
	ddc.aub.edu.lb /projects/pspa/elections92-part3.html (2274 words)

	The First Post-War Parliamentary Elections in Lebanon
		Another positive element of the 1992 elections (whether for the boycotter or participant, or the winning or losing candidate) was that the principle of accountability was revived, through the return of communication between the voter and the candidate, both in theory and practice.
		The relatively long absence of elections, sectarian and regional divisions, and the tyranny of the language of artillery and barricades over the non-violent language of political dispute had placed the issue of elections, in the minds of the majority (average citizens, candidates, deputies), in the realm of impossibility.
		The 1992 elections helped to return the accessibility of the electoral environment and put it in the realm of tangible possibility, even if the situation had many defects, and was accepted by some and rejected by others.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /resc/democ/bk93ch1/ch1pt3.html (5127 words)

	General Elections Law No. 41 (1992)
		Election Committee(s): the main Committee and branch Committees which are responsible for administering the elections starting with the candidacy applications and the control of the votes.
		Supervisory Committee(s): the area which is part of the election districts of the Republic and where the citizens exercise their electoral rights according to the provisions of the Constitution on the entire territory of Yemen.
		Article 20: The election Supreme Committee is composed of five members at least and seven members at most appointed by virtue of a decision form the Presidential Council from a list of 15 names proposed by parliament and who must meet the conditions laid down by this law.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/gov/off6.htm (2492 words)

	The 1992 Knesset Elections Revisited: Implications for the Future
		Undoubtedly the shift in Israel's approach to the negotiations on the future of the territories and especially the direct negotiations with the PLO was enabled by the Labor victory in the election for Israel's Thirteenth Knesset, held on June 23, 1992.
		What the 1992 election confirmed was that this process of normalized change of power, that is relatively new to Israel and it does have important implications for the constitutional health of the Israeli body politic, has now become an integral part of Israeli democracy.
		One of the lessons of the 1992 campaign was that parties whose factions quarreled visibly lost, the voters apparently feeling that a party that was unable to keep peace and act respectably at home was not fit to govern.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles/elec92-future.htm (8187 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		Cuba 1992-93: The "National Assembly elections, in October 1992, will be the first in which deputies are elected by direct, secret ballot, and in which declared opponents of the Communist Party may stand-albeit in an individual capacity, not as representatives of parties or organisations" (page 7).
		Roman 1999: "The municipal delegate elections were held on July 9, 1995, during one of the worst years of the economic crisis, with the runoff on July 16 in the cases where no candidate had received a majority.
		In this election there are two ballots, one "is to vote for the deputies to the National Assembly, and the other one is for the election of delegates to the provincial assembly in which the vote takes place" (page 354).
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/cuba/1990.html (10905 words)

	Georgia-Parties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The party individually participated in the 1995 parliamentarian elections and received 1,2% of votes, is represented by a majoritarian MP in the parliament.
		The party individually participated in the 1995 parliamentarian elections under the name of "Republicans" and could not overcome the fixed barrier; is represented by a majoritarian MP in the parliament.
		The party individually participated in the 1995 parliamentarian elections and received 0,64% of votes, is represented by 1 MP in the parliament.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/election/georgia/gepart.html (5626 words)

	Barkan
		Moreover, in the aftermath of the elections, Moi and the KANU leadership refused to recognize the opposition as the legitimate, albeit fragmented, voice of a substantial majority of Kenyans.
		Nor did their 1992 election defeat provide an impetus to the principal leaders of the three opposition parties to unite into a single opposition party, or at least a coalition of parties, to mount a serious challenge to Moi.
		The gerrymandering of electoral districts led one observer to conclude that, as in 1992, the outcome of the 1997 election was predetermined.(4)
	faculty.vassar.edu /tilongma/barkan.html (5372 words)

	Opinion Polling and National Elections in the Philippines, 1992-98
		For the Senate, 24 seats were contested in 1987 and 1992, and 12 seats in 1995 and 1998; the winners were the top 24 candidates in 1987/92 and the top 12 in 1995/98, in terms of national number of votes.
		The 1992 election was the last time in which all 24 senatorial seats were open for simultaneous election, with the first 12 to get six-year terms, and the next 12 to get three-year terms; afterwards all senatorial elections would be for 12 six-year-term seats only.
		Of the senators elected in 1992, 9 of the first 12, and 20 of the entire 24, were identified by the SWS final pre-election survey.
	www.sws.org.ph /sydney99.htm (2779 words)

	The 1992 Congressional Elections
		Numerous studies of electoral systems have demonstrated that single-member district, plurality elections are prone to high levels of disproportionality between the distribution of votes among the parties and the party allocation of seats in the legislature.
		In the 1992 elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, there was very little difference between the vote shares of the two major parties (3.4%), yet the difference in seat shares was 19.8%.
		Even though the turnout (55%) for the 1992 election was the highest since 1972, it was 30 percent lower than the average for proportional representation elections in Europe.
	www.fairvote.org /reports/1993/winn.html (609 words)

	Bahamas: Parliamentary Elections Act, 1992
		"writ of election" or "writ" means a writ issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act for the election of a Member of Parliament to represent a constituency in the House of Assembly.
		The votes at the poll shall be given by ballot, and, subject to the provisions of this Act, the result shall be ascertained by counting the votes given to each candidate and the candidate receiving the greatest number of regular votes shall be declare d to be elected.
		(3) In an uncontested election the public notice of nominations or the public notice of withdrawal of a nomination as may be appropriate, shall contain a declaration of results in Form G or I, as the case may require, in the Second Schedule.
	www.georgetown.edu /pdba/Electoral/Bahamas/bahamas.html (11753 words)

	Media and 1992 U.S. Elections
		Candidates attempt to counter this, and use the media to their advantage, by carefully staging media events at such photogenic locations as flag factories or national monuments, with balloons and banners in the background, and delivering "sound bites" -- brief phrases that are carefully worded to make an impact on the news program.
		There was a dramatic rise of daytime television talk shows as a political venue in 1992, primarily due to the willingness of the candidates to accept invitations from program hosts to be interviewed.
		However, the Center pointed out, since the end of the primary season in June 1992, evaluations of the president on the news were more negative than positive by a three-to-two margin while those of Clinton were more evenly balanced.
	usinfo.org /oap/NA19.htm (878 words)

	Overview: Plurality Wins in Major American Elections, 1992-2000
		As indicated in the chart below, 57% of all states were won by plurality in the 1992, 1996, and 2000 presidential elections, compared to 10.3% of all U.S. Senate general elections in 1992 to 2002 and only 3.4% of all U.S. House general elections in that period.
		It also occurs in many congressional races, including in races that can have significant impacts ñ either by electing a candidate in a safe seat who only had minority support within his or her party or in nominating a weak candidate in a race where the party had hoped to be more competitive.
		While runoff elections ensure that candidates win these races with a majority of the votes cast, there are some problems associated with them, including using extra time and money and having less people vote.
	www.fairvote.org /plurality/overview.htm (1021 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		Santiago Castillo 1993: In 1992 the electoral laws are changed in Guerrero to move the local elections to 1993 and in Guanajuato to hold all local elections together (page 19).
		Grayson 1992: The August 2, 1992 election is for 19 state deputies and 4 mayors.
		The PRI had claimed victory in the gubernatorial election, the 25 state legislative seats and all Yucatán’s 106 mayorships, but was accused of vote-rigging by the PAN, which itself claimed to have won the gubernatorial election, at least six mayorships and one state legislature seat.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/mexico/1992.html (4251 words)

	Regional Activities - Angola Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Following the 1992 elections, the 1994 Lusaka Protocol failed to secure peace in Angola.
		Constitutional reform and the upcoming elections may provide Angolans with their first real opportunity in decades for sustained peace and a new era of democracy.
		Excerpts from this analysis were presented at a conference entitled "Angolan Elections: Lessons for the Future," which took place on July 23, 2003 in Angola.
	www.ifes.org /reg_activities/angola-reg-act1.htm (358 words)

	1992_Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The elections were to be held on September 29-30, 1992.
		Two weeks prior to the election date, the general atmosphere of Angola was chaotic.
		On the day of the elections, over 90% of the voters turned out to cast their vote.
	www.geocities.com /jcoul3jj/1992_Elections.html (400 words)

	Geostat Center: Collection: US and Virginia Election Data & Maps
		This collection of data is built upon precinct level data tapes obtained from the Virginia Board of Elections.
		Elections included are President, Senator, Representative, Governor, Lt. Governor, Attorney General, and General Assembly (Senate and House).
		Because this project is based on a study from the ICPSR, use is restricted to members of the ICPSR Virginia Federation.
	fisher.lib.virginia.edu /collections/stats/elections (184 words)

	The Cook Political Report Weekly Column Archives
		In 1992 and 1994 combined, Democrats lost a total of 50 House incumbents--16 in 1992 and 34 in 1994.
		In the state legislatures, before the 1992 elections, Democrats controlled both legislative chambers in 29 states and split control with Republicans in 14 states.
		The 1992 elections resulted in Democrats losing full control of state legislatures in five states; then six more fell out of their grasp as a result of the 1994 elections.
	www.cookpolitical.com /column/1999/052999.php (917 words)

	Central Europe Review - The Czech Republic 1992 to 1999: From unintentional political birth to prolonged political ...
		An Association Agreement governing trade liberalisation with the EU went into effect in 1992 and, often called the "Europe Agreement," was further developed in 1995.(19) In 1993, the Copenhagen Agreements established requirements for Eastern enlargement, and, in 1995, the EU published the White Paper stipulating the requirements for integration into the single market.
		In contrast to the 1993 presidential election, in which Havel was elected in the first round, in 1998, Havel scraped through by a hairsbreadth margin of one vote in the second round of voting.
		During the election campaign, the Social Democrats had announced a major investigation into the shadier privatisation deals of the Klaus years, and despite the new government's reliance on ODS support, a "Clean Hands" programme was begun after the election.
	www.ce-review.org /99/12/stroehlein12.html (19547 words)

	Elections held in Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Referendum on the extension of the mandate of the members of the 1984 parliament by two years held on December 1, 1989
		Referendum on amending the 1972 Constitution, held on September 4, 1992.
		Elections of June, 25 1993 and September 17, 1993.
	www.mincom.gov.ma /english/generalities/state_st/election.html (124 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Amazon.com: Books: Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections
		This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but over a million other items are.
		Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections (Paperback)
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0871878399?v=glance (229 words)

	Detecting Manipulations in U.S. House Elections: 1898-1992
		Un- covering whether this is a widespread phenomenon is difficult since existing political forces are intentionally chosen by the electorate and electoral manipulation is by its very nature a clandestine process that is hard to detect.
		Looking at vote shares received by incumbents in congressional elections from 1898-1992 I find that in extremely close elections where the outcome should be random, incumbent candidates win signicantly more often than expected which suggests that the vote counting process is biased in favor of incumbents.
		Jason Snyder, "Detecting Manipulations in U.S. House Elections: 1898-1992" (February 15, 2004).
	repositories.cdlib.org /igs/WP2004-3 (145 words)

	Explaining the Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1980-1992 (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: This paper compares the voting behavior of women and men in presidential elections since 1980 to test competing explanations for the gender gap.
		We show that, consistent with prior research on individual elections, women placed more emphasis on the national economy than men, and men placed more emphasis on pocketbook voting than women.
		We add evidence showing that women have consistently more negative assessments of the economy than do men, suggesting that a part of what has been considered a...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /chaney96explaining.html (454 words)

	Geostat Center: US Presidential Election Maps: 1860-1996
		The data utilized in the construction of these maps were made available by the Inter-university Consortium for Political Social Research (ICPSR Study # 7757).
		The Data for the Candidate and Constituency Statistics of Elections in the United States were originally collected by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
		A map of the 2000 presidential election, based on different data, is available at 2000 Presidential Election Resources.
	fisher.lib.virginia.edu /collections/stats/elections/maps (102 words)

	SUNY Press :: Elections in Israel 1992, The
		“This collection will be the definitive work on the Israeli elections of 1992, and a major book on Israeli politics generally.
		There can be little doubt that the historic Israel-PLO peace accord could not have occurred were it not for the turnabout elections of 1992.
		This volume, the seventh in a series begun in 1969, carries on the tradition of offering in-depth analyses of the major issues, actors, and parties involved in Israeli politics.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=53058 (333 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Upside Down and Inside Out: The 1992 Elections and American Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		...this volume is a welcome addition to the growing body of literature on presidential elections.
		The authors' analysis of the 1992 contest is excellently done.-CHOICE --This text refers to the Paperback edition.
		James Ceaser, professor of political science at the University of Virginia, is the author of "Presidential Selection: Theory and Development" (Princeton University Press) and "Proportional Representation in Presidential Nomination Politics" (University Press of Virginia).
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0847678466 (176 words)

	Pres T/O Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Voter Registration and Turnout in Presidential Elections by Year: 1960-1992
		Total VAP refers to the total Voting Age Population as reported by the Bureau of Census in their Current Population Reports, Series P-25.
		These figures no doubt under-report actual voter participation since research suggests that approximately 2% of the voters consistently fail to vote for the highest office.
	www.fec.gov /pages/tonote.htm (145 words)

	Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics In The 1992 Elections; Author: De La Garza, Rodolfo O.; Author: Desipio, Louis; ...
		Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics In The 1992 Elections; Author: De La Garza, Rodolfo O.; Author: Desipio, Louis; Paperback
		Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics In The 1992 Elections
		Describing the role of Latino electorates in national- and state-level politics during the 1992 elections, this book examines Latino politics from the top down, looking at the efforts of candidates and campaigns to speak to Latino concerns and to mobilize Latino voters.
	www.netstoreusa.com /stbooks/081/0813330122.shtml (205 words)

	AFSCME Resolution: PEOPLE goal for 1992 elections
		A sensitive and cooperative relationship between the Congress and the White House is essential in order for public employees in general, and AFSCME members in particular, to perform their duties where they work and have decent communities in which to live; and
		The Presidential election along with 34 incumbent U.S. Senators (20 Democrats and 14 Republicans) and all seats including the newly reapportioned ones in the U.S. House of Representatives will be up for reelection in 1992.
		That AFSCME members through their PEOPLE Program will continue their excellent political and fundraising work in order to support our friends and defeat our enemies and set a PEOPLE fundraising goal of at least $2.00 per member per year for the 1992 elections.
	www.afscme.org /about/resolute/1990/r29-126.htm (154 words)

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