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Topic: 1998 Atlantic hurricane season

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2001 Atlantic hurricane season

1996 Atlantic hurricane season

2004 Atlantic hurricane season

2000 Atlantic hurricane season

1995 Atlantic hurricane season

1986 Atlantic hurricane season

1997 Atlantic hurricane season

1999 Atlantic hurricane season

1987 Atlantic hurricane season

1985 Atlantic hurricane season

1988 Atlantic hurricane season

1992 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Danielle (1998)

2003 Atlantic hurricane season

1994 Atlantic hurricane season

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	Special Summeray 97/4
		The increase in tropical storm and hurricane activity over the eastern North Pacific during 1997 compared to the previous two years was partly related to an expanded area of low vertical wind shear (the change in winds with height), in response to weaker-than-normal upper-level easterly flow throughout the region.
		According to the National Hurricane Center, the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season featured 7 named storms (normal is 9.3), 3 of which became hurricanes (normal is 5.8) (Figure 1).
		The cold-episode of 1995-1996 contributed to active 1995 and 1996 Atlantic hurricane seasons and to suppressed activity across the eastern Pacific.
	www.cpc.noaa.gov /products/special_summaries/97_4 (2449 words)

	Hurricane Mitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hurricane Mitch was one of the; deadliest and most powerful hurricanes observed on record, with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (290 km/h).
		Because the hurricane threatened to strike near Belize City as a Category 4 hurricane, much of the city was evacuated in fear of a repeat of Hurricane Hattie 37 years earlier.
		Hurricane Mitch was the; deadliest Atlantic hurricane since the Great Hurricane of 1780, displacing the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 as the second-deadliest on record.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /h/u/r/Hurricane_Mitch_b21f.html (3633 words)

	SPACE.com -- 1999 Hurricane Round-Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The occurrence of five major hurricanes (a major hurricane is one that is classified Category 3 or stronger on the Saffir-Simpson scale of intensity) was a particularly notable feature of the season, and one that some experts say may become the norm in coming years.
		"Hurricanes Floyd and Irene are cruel reminders that hurricanes can produce tragic loss of life and devastating economic disruption from inland flooding beyond a hurricane's damaging wind, storm surge or tornadoes," said D. James Baker, NOAA administrator and under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere.
		With the period from 1995 to 1998 being the most active four-year period on record -- yielding an average of 8.3 hurricanes a year, compared with a normal of 5.8 -- the evidence favoring the beginning of a busy stretch is strong.
	www.space.com /science/planetearth/hurricane_season_991201.html (1185 words)

	HURRICANE DYNAMICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The track forecast error at 24 hours for the 1997 Atlantic season was comparable to the error during the extremely active 1995 season (165 km for 219 cases).
		The potential impact of a greenhouse gas-induced global warming on the intensity of hurricanes was investigated in a series of case studies in which a global climate model was used to generate conditions representing both the present climate (control) and a high CO scenario (1527).
		Using a set of cases from the Atlantic basin, it was found that, while the surface pressure decrease between the storm's outer periphery and the storm center is well correlated with an increase in the equivalent potential temperature, the degree of interdependency differs from region to region and case to case.
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /reference/AR98/6HurricaneDynamics.html (2168 words)

	THE 1999 HURRICANE SEASON
		The correlation between La Nina events and the season are not well understood, but there is generally a good pattern of cooler than normal Pacific temps matching with an active Atlantic season.
		Generally, the Atlantic Ocean is not yet warm enough that far North and East to allow for the formation or sustaining of a tropical system.
		A normal Atlantic hurricane season includes nine to 10 tropical storms, of which five to six are hurricanes and two are "intense" hurricanes with maximum sustained winds of at least 111 mph.
	www.tmgnow.com /repository/global/99hurricane.htm (2305 words)

	NOAA News Online (Story 2864)
		Climate patterns responsible for the expected above normal 2007 hurricane activity continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of ocean and atmospheric conditions that spawn increased Atlantic hurricane activity), warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean and the El Niño/La Niña cycle.
		Last year, seasonal hurricane predictions proved to be too high when an unexpected El Niño rapidly developed and created a hostile environment for Atlantic storms to form and strengthen.
		Instituted in 1998, this outlook is produced in collaboration with NOAA scientists at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center, NOAA National Hurricane Center, NOAA Hurricane Research Division and the NOAA Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.
	www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories2007/s2864.htm (894 words)

	Early Warning Alerts: Hurricane Mitch - Oct 1998, Mitch is Strongest Hurricane of Atlantic Hurricane Season
		More powerful than Hurricane Georges, which reached maximum sustained winds of 150 mph, Mitch is a strong Category IV hurricane with maximum sustained winds of about 155 mph with higher gusts.
		Hurricane force winds extend outward up to 70 miles from the center and tropical storm force winds extend outward up to 145 miles from the center.
		A hurricane warning is in effect for Honduras and Limon eastward to the Nicaragua border and for Swan Island.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/0e656609f8bd25b3c12566ab00625c23 (377 words)

	HURRICANE DYNAMICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When intensity forecasts from 1998 were evaluated, the GFDL model did exhibit useful skill relative to the no-skill reference of the SHFR (climatology and persistence) scheme for tropical storms and weak to moderate hurricanes (Fig.
		For the 1998 hurricane season in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific basins, forecasts of surface wind radii from the AVN, UKMET, NOGAPS, Eta and NGM models were verified using the official marine advisories from NHC as verification.
		The potential impact on hurricane intensity of a greenhouse gas-induced global warming has been investigated in a series of case studies in which a global climate model was used to generate boundary conditions representing both the present climate (control) and a high CO scenario (1527, hz).
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /reference/AR99/6HurricaneDynamics.html (2387 words)

	Monday Supplemental Summary
		The 1998 hurricane season in the Atlantic was one of the deadliest on record, as three major hurricanes caused more than 11,000 fatalities.
		According to the National Hurricane Center, Hurricane Mitch, a category 5 hurricane, is one of the five deadliest hurricanes on record in the Atlantic Basin.
		The 1998 season in the eastern North Pacific was near average.
	atm.geo.nsf.gov /dstreme/learn/m_sup.html (1130 words)

	FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES
		Kamahori, H., 1998: On impacts of cloud-tracked wind observations on numerical tropical cyclone forecasts.
		Wang, Y., 1998: On the bogusing of tropical cyclones in numerical models: The influence of vertical structure.
		Nelson, N. B., 1998: Spatial and temporal extent of sea surface temperature modifications by hurricanes in the Sargasso Sea during the 1995 season.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/tcfaq/tcpubs1998.html (2313 words)

	1998 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook - Weather Research Center - March 17, 1998
		1998 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook HOUSTON - The 1998 hurricane season predictions made by research meteorologists Jill F. Hasling and Dr. John C. Freeman of Weather Research Center indicate that Florida has the highest risk of experiencing a tropical storm or hurricane this year.
		A major hurricane is a storm with maximum sustained winds greater than 111 MPH.
		The montly distribution; 50% chance of a June storm, 70% chance of July storms; 90% chance of August Storms; 100% chance of September storms; 90% of October storms; 80% chance of November storms; 10% chance of December storm.
	www.wxresearch.org /outlook/1998hur.htm (325 words)

	NOAA's 1998 Hurricane Season Wrap-up - Highlights
		Mitch was the fourth most intense hurricane ever observed in the Atlantic basin, and the strongest ever observed in the month of October.
		The Hurricane turned toward the north over the East-Central Atlantic late on Sept. 26th and eventually weakened to a Tropical Storm in the vicinity of the Azores.
		Hurricane Karl developed from a small low pressure area that was tracked from the Coast of the Carolinas.
	www.outlook.noaa.gov /98hurricanes/hilites.html (1605 words)

	CNN - Hurricane season: it's not over yet - November 30, 1998
		Hurricane season officially ends on Monday, but those caught in the aftermath of this season's record-setting storms know the danger isn't over yet.
		The Atlantic season's last gasp is Tropical Storm Nicole, which formed last week and fooled forecasters by gaining strength, enough to become a minimal Hurricane Nicole -- just before the official end of the Atlantic season.
		The hurricane was expected to weaken as it was swept even farther north over cooler seas.
	www.cnn.com /WEATHER/9811/30/hurricane.year/index.html (926 words)

	CFHC 1998 News and Story Archives
		Hurricane Georges brushed by the keys to the south and spared the absolute worst, but still managed to cause a good deal of damage and flooding.
		The Hurricane Center has kept it at Minimal Hurricane strength because the surrounding atmosphere is nearly perfect for intensification, with the only detrement being the fact that the center is still over land, although very close to exiting the coast of Cuba.
		Hurricane Danielle is forecast to turn away from the US coast fairly soon and shouldn't be a threat to anyone on the mainland.
	flhurricane.com /1998archives.htm (14928 words)

	NNDC: Home Page
		This annual report is a preliminary summary of the 1998 Atlantic Hurricane season which provides a synopsis of each named tropical storm using textual information obtained from the National Hurricane Center#s Summary of the 1998 Atlantic Season report and the National Weather Service#s Preliminary Storm Data reports.
		The 1998 hurricane season will be remembered for a number of reasons, but, by far, it will be remembered as the most deadly hurricane season in over 200 years.
		As El Nino was the main contributing factor to last season#s minimal hurricane activity, this year#s explosive activity was directly related to the rapid reversal of El Nino conditions to La Nina conditions during late spring and early summer.
	ols.nndc.noaa.gov /plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00524-PUB-A0001 (545 words)

	September: the Hurricane Month
		After an active start, the Atlantic hurricane season simply stopped around the end of July 1997 and only one storm, Erica, was able to form later.
		Up to mid August, the 1998 hurricane season was every bit as dull as the end of the 1997 season.
		Hurricanes can form anywhere between Africa and the coast of Texas, or off the southeast U.S. coast, but during the peak of the season, late August through September, the most powerful storms all start as tropical "waves" (clusters of thunderstorms) coming off the African coast near the Cape Verde Islands.
	www.unc.edu /depts/cmse/science/hurricanes.htm (958 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This year's Atlantic hurricane season won't soon be forgotten: an onslaught of storms left a staggering trail of death and destruction across Central America and the Caribbean.
		The Pacific hurricane season, which also ends today but started 15 days earlier, on May 15, was about average with 13 named storms and nine hurricanes.
		Mitch tied Camille in 1969 as the the fourth strongest Atlantic hurricane this century.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/huricane/1998/wrapup98.htm (1171 words)

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