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Topic: 1998 Pacific hurricane season

	ScienceDaily: Hurricane Mitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Hurricane Mitch was one of the most powerful hurricanes ever observed, with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (290 km/h).
		Hurricane Opal -- Hurricane Opal was a major hurricane that formed in the Gulf of Mexico in September 1995.
		Hurricane Hazel -- Hurricane Hazel was the worst hurricane of the 1954 Atlantic hurricane season and one of the worst hurricanes of the 20th century.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Hurricane_Mitch (1507 words)

	The extremely active 1995 Atlantic hurricane
		The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a year of near-record hurricane activity with a total of 19 named storms (average is 9.3 for the base period 1950-1990) and 11 hurricanes (average is 5.8), which persisted for a total of 121 named storm days (average is 46.6) and 60 hurricane days (average is 23.9), respectively.
		Their onset well ahead of the start of the hurricane season indicates that they are a cause of the increased hurricane activity, and not an effect.
		Hurricane Luis was of particular interest during 1995 because of its long duration at IH status and its destructiveness in the Caribbean.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/Landsea/95Season (8845 words)

	Hurricane Wilma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With Wilma, the 2005 hurricane season broke the record for most storms in a season previously held by the 1933 season.
		The 12th hurricane of the season, Wilma tied the record set in 1969 for most storms of hurricane strength in one season.
		The hurricane began accelerating in the early morning of October 23, exiting the northeast tip of the Yucatán Peninsula and entering the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hurricane_Wilma (4092 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998
		January 1998 - A massive ice storm, caused by El Niño, strikes New England, southern Ontario and Quebec, resulting in widespread power failures, severe damage to forests, and a number of deaths.
		August 20 - 1998 U.S. embassy bombings: The United States military launches cruise missile attacks against alleged Al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical plant in Sudan in retaliation for the August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /1998 (4932 words)

	1998 Hurricane Season Probably A Taste Of Seasons To Come (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		FORT COLLINS--If the theory of Colorado State University hurricane forecaster William Gray and his associates is correct, the 14 Atlantic Basin storms that occurred this year are just a harbinger of hurricane seasons to come in the next few decades.
		This season was the most destructive on record in terms of loss of life and property damage in the Caribbean basin because of hurricanes Georges and Mitch, according to Gray.
		The 1998 season predicted 10 named storms, six hurricanes and two intense hurricanes in their third and final update issued in August.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-11/CSU-1HSP-301198.php (792 words)

	NCDC: Climate of 2005: Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary
		The season was remarkable for its early beginning and number of storms as well as the intensity of the hurricanes, including the most intense hurricane on record for the Atlantic.
		Strengthening to reach hurricane intensity on the 29th as it moved northward, Beta then turned to the west and west-southwest and became a category 3 storm on the 30th, the 7th major hurricane of the season.
		Hurricane Katrina was one of the strongest storms to impact the coast of the United States during the last 100 years.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /oa/climate/research/2005/hurricanes05.html (5552 words)

	North America
		The 1998 hurricane season was extremely active and one of the deadliest in history with 11,629 lives claimed.
		Tropical storm and hurricane activity over both the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific ocean basins is strongly affected by the vertical wind shear between the upper (200 hPa) and lower (850 hPa) levels of the atmosphere.
		Although the MAM season is normally dry in Mexico, precipitation totals during MAM 1998 were less than 20% of normal throughout most of the country (Fig.
	www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov /products/assessments/assess_98/namerica.html (3170 words)

	EO Library: Hurricanes: The Greatest Storms on Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Called the greatest storm on Earth, a hurricane is capable of annihilating coastal areas with sustained winds of 155 mph or higher and intense areas of rainfall and a storm surge.
		The term hurricane is derived from Huracan, a god of evil recognized by the Tainos, an ancient aborigines Central American tribe.
		Hurricane Mitch, seen here in a three-dimensional perspective, was one of the most destructive storms of the 20th century.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Hurricanes (1023 words)

	NOAA News Online (Story 2864)
		Climate patterns responsible for the expected above normal 2007 hurricane activity continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of ocean and atmospheric conditions that spawn increased Atlantic hurricane activity), warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean and the El Niño/La Niña cycle.
		Last year, seasonal hurricane predictions proved to be too high when an unexpected El Niño rapidly developed and created a hostile environment for Atlantic storms to form and strengthen.
		Instituted in 1998, this outlook is produced in collaboration with NOAA scientists at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center, NOAA National Hurricane Center, NOAA Hurricane Research Division and the NOAA Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.
	www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories2007/s2864.htm (894 words)

	CSU Hurricane Forecast for 1999
		Conversely, seasonal hurricane activity is typically reduced when the stratospheric QBO is in an easterly phase and the wind shear between 30- and 50 mb is large.
		Hurricane activity is usually suppressed (eg., 1997) during El Niño seasons when anomalously warm water temperatures are present in the equatorial eastern and central Pacific.
		This major hurricane landfall forecast for 1999 is 5.5 times higher than the average for the quarter century period 1970-1994 when the thermohaline circulation was weak and the average NTC was 75.
	hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu /forecasts/1999/fcst99 (6120 words)

	NOAA's 1998 Hurricane Season Wrap-up
		The Atlantic season, which runs June 1 to Nov. 30, spawned 14 tropical cyclones (average is 10) with ten becoming hurricanes (average is six).
		Mitch was the fourth most intense hurricane ever observed in the Atlantic basin this century based on barometric pressure, and the strongest ever observed in the month of October.
		NOAA's hurricane forecasting technology includes sophisticated super computers and their numerical models, observational systems such as the GOES satellites, and "hurricane hunter" aircraft that include a new Gulfstream-IV jet and two WP-3D Orion turboprops.
	www.outlook.noaa.gov /98hurricanes (698 words)

	NHC Archive of Hurricane Seasons
		Monthly Weather Summaries of the hurricane seasons for the years 1872 - 2002 are available from the NHC Library.
		Learn about the progress of a typical hurricane season in terms of the total number of tropical systems and hurricanes produced throughout the year in the Atlantic and East Pacific basins.
		The East Pacific Tracks File is an ASCII (text) file containing the 6-hourly (0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC) center locations (latitude and longitude in tenths of degrees) and intensities (maximum 1-minute surface wind speeds in knots and minimum central pressures in millibars) for all Tropical Storms and Hurricanes from 1949 through 2006.
	www.nhc.noaa.gov /pastall.shtml (1039 words)

	www.spidion.info - Weather Forecast, Air, Aviation, Hazards, Huracanes
		Hurricane dennis and florida keys Down Saturday as Hurricane Dennis lashed the Florida Keys with wind and sheets of rain and churned along 1 million people from the Florida Panhandle to Louisiana were under.
		Hurricane history miami Maintains a continuous watch on tropical cyclones over the Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Eastern Pacific from May 15 through November 30, and issues watches, warnings, forecasts, and analyses of hazardous weather conditions in the tropics.
		Hurricane Season in Bermuda is June 1st - November 30th 34 to 63 knots (39 - 72 mph) 3) Hurricane: Sustained winds of 64 knots (73 mph) or greater.
	www.spidion.info /content/chapter74.html (15373 words)

	The 1998 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season
		Three tropical cyclones were observed in the Central Pacific during 1998, one hurricane and two tropical depressions.
		This is in contrast to the 1998 Atlantic tropical cyclone season in which there was a very active period from the middle of August into November.
		Maximum sustained winds were 65 knots and Darby became the first Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone to enter the Central Pacific as a hurricane since Kristy in August 1994.
	www.prh.noaa.gov /cphc/summaries/1998.php (2024 words)

	CNN - Hurricane season: it's not over yet - November 30, 1998
		Hurricane season officially ends on Monday, but those caught in the aftermath of this season's record-setting storms know the danger isn't over yet.
		The Pacific hurricane season, which also ends Monday, was about average with 13 named storms and nine hurricanes.
		The hurricane was expected to weaken as it was swept even farther north over cooler seas.
	www.cnn.com /WEATHER/9811/30/hurricane.year (926 words)

	1998 Pacific hurricane season names
		This page contains the lists of names to be used during the 1998 hurricane seasons for the Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific basins.
		Summary of the 1998 Eastern Pacific hurricane season
		In 1997, Oliwa and Paka grew to be large, intense hurricanes, then typhoons as they crossed the International Dateline into the western Pacific.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/huricane/whpac98.htm (243 words)

	www.outsideweather.com - World Weather Forecasts and News Online
		Pacific hurricane season Pacific hurricane names 1999 hurricane season wrap-up This page contains the lists of names to be used during the 1999 hurricane seasons for the Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific basins Summary of the 1998 Eastern Pacific hurricane season.
		Hurricane window protection fabric That Hurricane Ivan was going to bypass the Tampa Bay area, Russ Bohen got a call at his window-protection business and metal or fabric panels on side windows.
		Hurricane emily damage playa del carmen Station inspects the damage caused by hurricane Emily alongside the Playa del Carmen-Tulum road, 70 km from Cancun.
	www.outsideweather.com /content/chapter40.html (15166 words)

	Answers to La Niña Frequently asked questions
		In contrast, the Pacific Northwest is more likely to be wetter than normal in the late fall and early winter with the presence of a well-established La Niña.
		Greater than normal precipitation is predicted for the Pacific Northwest throughout the fall and into the winter months and for the Ohio and Tennessee River Valley in the winter.
		Observations of conditions in the tropical Pacific are essential for the prediction of short term (a few months to one year) climate variations.
	www.elnino.noaa.gov /lanina_new_faq.html (2224 words)

	1998 Hurricane Season Summary
		Precise hurricane forecasts remain elusive- The National Hurricane Center hopes that within 20 years it will be able to predict within 95 miles where a storm might go when it is two days out.
		Hurricane Center Chief, Don't Watch the Line (AP) -...Don't watch the little fl line down the center of the models because there are wide errors and watch for rapidly intensifying storms., Thu, 11 May 2006 08:48:49 GMT
		Hurricane cycle far from over-Hurricane Katrina brought much death and destruction to Mississippi and Louisiana, and upcoming hurricane seasons could be just as dangerous, says a M.S.U. hurricane expert., Tue, 24 Jan 2006 13:54:00 GMT
	www.hurricane.com /hurricane-pacific/hurricane-season-1998.php (934 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Natural hazards
		Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
		hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
		seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2021.html (2070 words)

	CARIBWX The Caribbean Weather Site
		For the second year in a row, no hurricanes were experienced in the E Caribbean and only 3 named storms have passed through the region in the past 2 years.
		According to Gray, the period from 1995-2002 comprised the most active hurricane seasons on record and he believes that we are in a multi-decade period of increased tropical cyclone activity, such as that occurred in the 1940’s and 1950’s.
		Even though the 2001 Hurricane Season ended on November 30, at the time of writing the 15th named storm of the season, Olga, is one of the few storms that have survived into December.
	www.caribwx.com /cyclone1.html (6527 words)

	Hermine thru Nicole (incl. Mitch) - The Caribbean Hurricane Page - The 1998 Season
		It will weaken somewhat since it is very unusual for hurricanes to stay this strong for a very long time, but it will remain a very strong hurricane for the next couple of days.
		Most models still show that Mitch will pass Jamaica at a safe distance (for hurricane force winds that is, they can still expect gusty weather) with a turn towards the west before it reaches the island (see a couple of model runs here).
		No, it has the potential to become a very dangerous hurricane and it is just a little bit too close already (and still moving northward) for my taste, but it still seems likely that it bypasses Jamaica.
	stormcarib.com /hurr98b.htm (4072 words)

	2005 Hurricane Season Prediction
		Official hurricane outlooks for this region are expected to begin with the 2005 season.
		This implementation plan for the Hurricane Landfall component of the U. as during 1998 is planned for the 2001 hurricane season.
		The Old Farmer's Almanac - Hurricanes in 2004- THE ATLANTIC HURRICANE season in year 2004 will be more active than the last year and 2002, but less active than 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 hurricane seasons.
	www.which-tarot.com /2/2005-hurricane-season-prediction.html (931 words)

	USIS Washington File: TEXT: 1998 HURRICANE SEASON DEADLIEST IN TWO CENTURIES
		The unusually high number of storms was produced partly by a climatic phenomenon known as La Nina, cooler than average surface temperatures in the central tropical region of the Pacific Ocean, NOAA said in the news release dated November 30, 1998.
		The 1998 Atlantic storm season, which runs from June 1 to November 30, spawned 14 tropical cyclones, ten of which became hurricanes, NOAA reported.
		During the 1998 season, NOAA scientists, working with NASA and University collaborators, conducted the most complete and sophisticated campaign of observations in hurricanes ever, noted Hugh Willoughby, director of NOAA's Hurricane Research Division.
	usembassy-australia.state.gov /hyper/WF981201/epf211.htm (1025 words)

	1998 EAST PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON
		The National Hurricane Center's Preliminary Reports contain comprehensive information on each storm, including synoptic history, meteorological statistics, casualties and damages, and the post-analysis best track (six-hourly positions and intensities).
		Hyper-links to the NHC home page and glossary are found in the image banner and the track legend.
		A track map will be available after the season is over.
	www.nhc.noaa.gov /1999epac.html (92 words)

	Pacific El Nino Is Too Late To Curtail Hurricane Season - from TBO.com Weather Center: Hurricane 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Temperatures in part of the Pacific near the equator were above normal for three consecutive months, the threshold for an El Nino to be present.
		In 1997, when what was one of the strongest El Nios of the past century was camped in the Pacific, there were only three hurricanes and four tropical storms, far below the average of six hurricanes.
		It also takes some time for the warm water in the Pacific to have an effect on the atmosphere and cause the changes in wind patterns needed to reduce the number of storms.
	hurricane.weathercenter.com /MGBAA0VY90E.html (498 words)

	Maximum Potential Hurricane Intensity
		Dissipative heating is handled according to a method described in Bister and Emanuel (1998).
		The maps are based on data from the 00Z global operational analysis from NCEP for the date shown on the plot.
		The top panel shows the potential minimum central pressure for a hurricane at any given location (in millibars).
	wxmaps.org /pix/hurpot.html (131 words)

	Eastern Pacific has fairly quiet season
		The following is uneditied text from the National Hurricane Center in Miami summarizing the 1998 Eastern Pacific hurricane season.
		TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC BASIN WAS SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL FOR THE YEAR.
		ISIS WAS A SHORT-LIVED HURRICANE THAT FORMED A COUPLE OF HUNDRED MILES SOUTH OF THE SOUTHERN TIP OF BAJA CALIFORNIA AND MOVED ON A GENERAL NORTHWARD TRACK.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/huricane/1998/wrapac98.htm (217 words)

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