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Topic: 19th century Russian Revolutionary Movements

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	19th century Russian Revolutionary Movements
		19th century Russian Revolutionary Movements describes the rise of revolutionary movements opposed to tsarism, private property, and the imperial state in Russia during the 19th century.
		The calmer Petr Tkachev argued against the advocates of Marxism, maintaining that a centralized revolutionary band had to seize power before capitalism could fully develop.
		Disputing his views, the moralist and individualist Petr Lavrov made a call "to the people," which hundreds of idealists heeded in 1873 and 1874 by leaving their schools for the countryside to try to generate a mass movement among the narod.
	www.fact-index.com /1/19/19th_century_russian_revolutionary_movements.html (566 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This period is also regarded by many as the Russian Empire, however many also consider the Soviet Union to have been a continuation of the empire up until the fall of the Soviet government in 1991.
		Fixing the period of the Russian Empire is contentious, whereas fixing the period of Imperial Russia is more straightforward.
		Russian Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/i/im/imperial_russia.html (80 words)

	Sergius Stepniak on Nihilism and Narodnichestvo
		The peculiar character of the Russian revolutionary movement that is known under the name of "nihilism" has been determined by the special nature of the latter-day despotism of the Romanoffs, which is unendurably oppressive for the masses and galling in the extreme for the individual.
		Schapov is the historian of the Russian peasantry.
		From 1870 the Russian Revolution ceases to be something apart, and becomes a branch of international socialism, which at that epoch descended from the clouds and became for the first time the embodiment of the workingmen's aspirations.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Nihilism.html (5785 words)

	NYU \| Russian \| Graduate \| Courses
		Survey of Russian drama from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
		Key movements of the avant-garde--cubism, futurism, imagism, vorticism, constructivism, dada, and surrealism--are examined in their international and interdisciplinary perspectives.
		Historical survey of Russian phonology and morphology, with an examination of the main currents that shaped the development of Russian as a literary language.
	www.nyu.edu /fas/dept/russian/graduate/courses.html (1011 words)

	Russian Civil Society in Reform Era
		At the center of this period stands the major event of nineteenth century Russian history, the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
		The subsequent clash between the state and its mobilizing subjects caused the revolutionary situation; the conspiratorial beginnings of modern Russian revolutionary movements were the result of the clash.
		Russian revolutionary movements grew from a process in which "subjects" were thwarted as they first began to organize themselves into groups of citizens.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/cvl.pbl.sixties.htm (9255 words)

	History of Brest
		Having annexed Belarus, Russians stated that Belarusians are just a Russian tribe, and that it should be united with the Russians.
		By the end of 19th century the territory of the city expanded.
		The revolutionary movements in the Russian empire echoed in Brest.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/3430/bh4.html (1761 words)

	State & Society
		The revolutionary movement was the result of successful state action against an emerging civil society or, to put it another way, was the result of failure to pursue social and political reform along with all those other "great reforms".
		A founder of the Russian Red Cross and a tireless surgeon and administrator of medical services in that vicious war, he now moved into higher educational administration and in 1858 was appointed Superintendent of the Kiev education district reporting directly to the Education Ministry in Petersburg.
		Russian industrial modernization was not to be launched for another quarter century, and the vagaries of social and political reform in the 1860s, as reflected in Zakrevskii’s list, were an important reason for that.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/stt&pbl.htm (18038 words)

	Marxism and Anarchism
		During the last decades of the 19th century the socialist movement progressed well while anarchism became marginalised and generally reduced to terrorism and sabotage.
		These movements were more directly connected with Bakunin's supporters from the 1860s, and James Guillaume was also an active player in laying the theoretical foundations of anarcho-syndicalism and introducing the experiences and traditions of Bakunin's work to a new generation of anarchists.
		Among the Marxists who fought against the syndicalist anti-party disposition of the workers, and in favour of the formation of a socialist party, in the early 20th century was John Maclean.
	www.marxists.org /subject/anarchism (2758 words)

	Colgate Russian Studies Courses
		In this course, students explore diverse aspects of Russian society--folklore, religion, the family, gender relations, economic and power relations, class and structures of social hierarchy, the history of authoritarianism and utopianism in Russia, ideas (and ideologies) about work, and the meanings and repercussions that militarism and war have had in Russian society.
		Russian history from the accession of Nicholas I until the rise of Stalin.
		The aim of this course is to provide students with a background in Russian history and culture that will allow them to place their study group experiences in an intellectual framework and provide the basis for further study.
	departments.colgate.edu /russian/courses.html (2016 words)

	Guides to Russian History
		The bibliographies were compiled on the basis of the collection of the library of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciencesin St. Petersburg. Each volume has a name index and a geographic/subject index. An index of periodical publications appears with the 1856 volume.
		This is an excellent source for anyone interested in the political movements in Russian in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		Russian language periodicals in full text are available through Russian services such as Integrum World Wide (www.integrumworld.com).
	www.library.uiuc.edu /spx/class/SubjectResources/SubSourRus/rushistbib.htm (6309 words)

	IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: IDEOLOGY MATTERS
		German philosophers in the 19th century were often "Idealists," that is, they held that ideas have a force, power, and reality that is more "real" than that concrete, reality that so consume us in our daily lives.
		German idealism dominated the 19th-century Russian revolutionary movement from the Decembrist Revolt of 1825 until long after Lenin's successful revolutionary coup that we call the October (or Bolshevik or Communist) Revolution of 1917.
		The working-class movement thus had to satisfy itself with playing the role of a party of the extreme opposition.
	users.ju.edu /jclarke/wizzm2.html (3364 words)

	Articles - Intelligentsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The usage of the term "intelligentsia" is reported in Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century.
		In English this word is often applied to the "intelligentsia" in Central European and Eastern European countries in the 19th and 20th centuries.
		Russian Revolution polarized the Russian intelligentsia, together with all other strata of the society.
	lastring.com /articles/Intelligentsia?mySession=f82e5586bd02e225e9d1... (1047 words)

	The American Jewish Experience through the Nineteenth Century: Immigration and Acculturation - The Nineteenth Century - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A century later, hundreds of their descendants crossed the ocean to settle in the new Dutch colony of Recife in Brazil, where Jewish communal life became possible for the first time in the New World.
		Notwithstanding the small size of the Jewish community in early America, it is important to emphasize to students that American Jews of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, like their counterparts in the larger society, established patterns that subsequent generations carefully followed.
		At least one historian advocates dropping the earlier periodization altogether to focus on the full century of Jewish immigration, beginning in 1820, that transformed American Jewry from a tiny community of some 3,000 Jews to a community that was more than one thousand times larger--indeed, the largest Jewish community in the world.
	www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080 /tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/judaism.htm (2562 words)

	Modern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Peasant, religious, and Praetorian rebellion in old Russia; the Populist and Marxist revolutionary movements; the urban and peasant revolutions in 1905 and 1917 to 1920; and the Stalinist industrial, urban, and bureaucratic revolution.
		Introduction to the fundamentals of Russian history seen through the prism of the early 19th century and the study of war, diplomacy, state administration, agrarian reform, the nationalities question, the problems of industrialization, and intellectual and revolutionary movements.
		Agrarian and administrative reform, industrialization, urbanization and the urban crisis, the emergence of a revolutionary elite, and the revolutions of 1905 and February 1917.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/history/modern_europe.htm (1299 words)

	Literature Catalog
		With the writings of Raya Dunaveyskaya, the continent of revolutionary thought underwent a seismic shift, the world-historical reverberations of which we are still feeling today and which continue to grow stronger in this new millennium as the crisis of world capitalism intensifies.
		Yet despite the profound derailment of Marxist political philosophy in the twentieth century, Dunayevskaya points to developments such as the Hungarian revolt of 1956, and the Civil Rights struggles in the United States as signs that the indomitable quest for freedom on the part of the downtrodden cannot be forever repressed.
		In Hegel's Absolutes she saw a dual movement from practice that is itself a form of theory and from theory reaching to philosophy...
	newsandletters.org /literature.htm (3843 words)

	Persians in the Russian empire
		Persians in Caucasus and Central Asia in late 19th and early 20th centuries: The number of Persians in the Russian empire or its territories increased steadily in the second half of the 19th century.
		However, the process gathered pace after the 1880s, and by the turn of the century it had achieved a scale and consistency that was sufficient to win the attention of many scholars, travelers, and commentators of the time.
		With the rise of the social democratic movement in Persia, Persian migrants to provided revolutionary assistance to comrades in Persia, including inter alia, the delivery of printed propaganda from Caucasus and the despatch of militant workers from the Caucasus to fight alongside Sattar Khan during the seige of Tabriz.
	www.iranian.com /Dec96/Iranica/Russian/Russian.html (1580 words)

	[No title]
		The course explores the impact of Western theories in Russia and Russian theories in the West and new possibilities for intellectual exchange in the epoch of postcommunism/postmodernity.
		Content: Russian philosophical and religious thought is deeply rooted in the meditative practice of Eastern Christianity and at the same time is strongly influenced by the grand systems of Western rationalism.
		The typically Russian combination of philosophy and religion (or atheism) has produced social movements that crucially changed the historical fates of Russia and Eurasia, but their intellectual sources and potentials are insufficiently known to the West.
	www.realc.emory.edu /ATLAS/russs98.html (1185 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is easily shown by any analysis of the way society changed with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, with one ob vious example being the movement of the population from rural areas to the cities.
		Russian revolutionary V.I. Lenin blamed the delay in the coming of the revolution on the imperialism of the late 19th century.
		The Bolshevik section of the Russian Communist Party swept into power, and revolutionary leader V.I. Lenin returned home from exile to head the new government.
	www2.potsdam.edu /collin24/classes/marxism.rtf (1686 words)

	Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Marx drew on Hegel's philosophy, the political economy of Adam Smith, Ricardian economics, and 19th century French socialism to develop a critique of society which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.
		Although there are still many Marxist revolutionary movements and political parties around the world, since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its satellite states, relatively few countries have governments which describe themselves as Marxist.
		Social democratic movements in 20th century Europe, the Soviet Union and other Eastern bloc countries, Mao and other revolutionaries in agrarian developing countries are particularly important examples.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ma/Marxism.htm (2075 words)

	Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to ...
		Marxist revolutionary party that preceded the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The party split in 1903 because of the argument between the Bolshevik wing, led by Vladimir Ilich Lenin, and the Menshevik wing, led by L.
		Party members were active in the Russian Revolution of 1905.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9377343?tocId=9377343 (131 words)

	russian and soviet art 99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We will begin with a brief survey of key stages in Russian art: the Byzantine heritage of the Muscovite period, the shift in orientation toward the west with the founding of St. Petersburg, the establishment of an academic system, and the development of art movements that roughly paralleled those in western Europe.
		Finally, the unofficial art movements, sometimes known as dissident art, that emerged during the "thaw" gave rise to a variety of new creative voices, which ultimately transformed the nature and role of art in the late Soviet and post-Soviet period.
		Russian majors and CERES students are required to use some Russian sources; Art History students will be able to choose topics for which other languages are adequate.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/hiltona/russov99.html (3284 words)

	Russian Comprehensive Exam Questions
		Also, Western borderland cultures could be seen as more advanced than the Russians (and Russians were considered "inferior" in many ways to Europeans), and the line was blurred between the "internal" colonization of the Russian peasantry and the "external" colonization of non-Russian areas.
		It would be useful to think in terms of a contrast/comparison of the Witte System of the 1890s and early years of the 20th century with the Stalin system of the late 20s and 30s.
		It might be useful to think in terms of a contrast/comparison of the Witte System of the 1890s and early years of the twentieth century with the Stalin System of the late 20s and 30s.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~gerakkag/russia.html (2633 words)

	Heaven on Earth . For Teachers \| PBS
		The Russian Revolution, American Labor at the beginning of the 20th century and Socialism in Canada: Vladimir Lenin and Samuel Gompers
		the interconnections between labor movements, various forms of socialism, and political or social changes in Europe; the influence of industrialization, democratization, and nationalism on popular 19th century reform movements; the extent to which Britain, France, and Italy become broadly liberal and democratic societies in the 19
		The interview with Michael Kazin is an excellent resource for the discussion of the labor movement’s relationship with socialism.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/teachers_lesson2.html (1146 words)

	Resources for Russian Music and Opera
		Please note that many Russian musical topics are included in western language sources from bibliographies and specialized encyclopedias to websites and on-line databases.
		The criteria for inclusion is being born in Russia or the Soviet Union or one of its former republics.
		For example, the Russian Studies Program at Bucknell maintains an annotated list of English-language sites on Russian music and the Slavic-Eurasian Studies website from Japan has a section on music with many Russian sites listed, although there are no annotations to help you decide if the site might be useful for your purposes.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /spx/class/SubjectResources/SubSourRus/artsrumus.htm (5905 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2001430015
		Publisher description for Roots of revolution : a history of the populist and socialist movements in 19th century Russia / Franco Venturi, with a revised author's introduction, Russian populism ; translated from the Italian by Francis Haskell ; introduced by Isaiah Berlin.
		Long recognized as a classic, Venturi's authoritative work captures the early and intriguing period of the Russian Revolution.
		"The most thorough survey of the Russian revolutionary movement before 1881...penetrating and readable, with an admirable balance between biography, theory and action."--TLS.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/ste022/2001430015.html (181 words)

	General Russian Art
		Links here to early Russian art through art of the avant-garde, with concise historical information accompanying a selection of images.
		While not the most in-depth discussion you will find, these pages are a good summary and useful place to start to gain perspective on various art movements.
		This is a nice site to browse to get an overview of Russian painting from 12th century icons to 20th century avant-garde paintings.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/IMRC/russianart/artarchitecture.HTM (483 words)

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