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	Orthogonal Software Corporation - Data Schema Normalization
		1NF dictates that the domains (allowable values) of attributes must include only atomic (simple, indivisible) values and that any given value of an instance of an attribute must be a single value from the domain of that attribute.
		A table is in 2NF if that table is in 1NF and every non-prime (is not involved in a primary key of the table) attribute in that table is fully functionally dependent on the primary key of the table.
		It is important to note that while the normal forms are subsets of each other (for example, a schema in 3NF is in 2NF by definition) it is not necessary to move from one to the other in a sequential fashion.
	www.orthogonalsoftware.com /articles/DataSchemaNormalization.html (2751 words)

	Go4Expert - Database Normalization
		These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered from one (the lowest form of normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fifth normal form or 5NF).
		For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database.
		1NF: A table can be said to be 1NF by identifying the non-key attibute is dependt up on no-key attirbute and identify the colum or attibute which produces more than one value.
	www.go4expert.com /forums/printthread.php?t=299 (1106 words)

	dataWarehouse.com \| Brought to you by DM Review
		In that case, their combination into a single attribute is a violation of 1NF.
		To the DBMS, it is a single attribute consisting of a string of numerals, commas and spaces.
		The drawback to this 1NF structure is that it hides the true nature of the data from the DBMS.
	www.datawarehouse.com /article/?articleid=2988 (2222 words)

	[No title]
		2 CASE 1NF because there are no multi-valued entities or repeating groups.
		We keep Patient_Name to be an attribute of Case, because lab don't need to deal anything with patient; therefore, we don't need to separate Patient to be an entity, and it's only showed in case.
		1NF because there are no multi-valued entities or repeating groups.
	web.njit.edu /~pc33/Normalization.doc (643 words)

	ORDER C. J. DATE PAPER #1 WHAT FIRST NORMAL FORM REALLY MEANS + FABIAN PASCAL PAPER #1 WHAT FIRST NORMAL FORM MEANS NOT
		As a concept, first normal form (1NF) is absolutely fundamental in the database field, and yet it isn't at all well understood by the IT community at large (at least if the available literature is anything to go by).
		This two-part article represents an attempt to set the record straight; it offers a clear, precise, and accurate explanation of 1NF, and it explores some of the many implications of that concept.
		In particular, the paper aims to dispel claims that so-called “multivalue database” technology violates neither 1NF, nor the relational model, and that it has advantages over the latter, rather than drawbacks.
	www.dbdebunk.com /page/page/629796.htm (156 words)

	Database System Concepts - Database Normalization 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
		Full normalization, even when not fully implemented in the target technology, is considered a good exercise to help discover all potential internal database consistency problems.
		It requires that there are no non-trivial functional dependencies of a non-key attribute on a part (subset) of a candidate key.
		A table is said to be in the 2NF if and only if it is in the 1NF and every non-key attribute is irreducibly dependent on the primary key (i.e.
	www.centricorp.com /papers/databasenormalization.htm (616 words)

	ITtoolbox Blogs
		Of those principles, adhering to 1NF is probably the most broken rule that I have seen.
		When the model does not follow 1NF, queries are hard to develop and producing usable data from the model is even harder.
		The first form of breaking 1NF is the creation of another column in a table, which really just duplicates a relationship to a primary key.
	blogs.ittoolbox.com /print.asp?i=6844 (1415 words)

	Normalisation - Relational Database Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When we are designing a relational database we need to be aware of all kinds of anomalous situations that can arise as a result of the structure of the data we are working with.
		NAME and COURSE, in the 1NF are only dependent on part of the key, STU#, thus we form a new relation, STUDENT.
		TITLE and TEACHER also (in the 1NF) are only partially dependent on the key (on SUB#), again a new relation is formed, SUBJECT.
	www.pathology.ufl.edu /~computer/training/rdb_course/rdbd_n1.html (1958 words)

	Introduction to Data Normalization: A Database "Best" Practice
		An entity type is in 2NF when it is in 1NF and when all of its non-key attributes are fully dependent on its primary key.
		An entity type is in 3NF when it is in 2NF and when all of its attributes are directly dependent on the primary key.
		an entity type is in second normal form (2NF) when it is in 1NF and when every non-key attribute, any attribute that is not part of the primary key, is fully dependent on the primary key.
	www.agiledata.org /essays/dataNormalization.html (1489 words)

	Relational Model: Normalization
		The definition of second normal form states that only tables with composite primary keys can be in 1NF but not in 2NF.
		A relational table is in second normal form 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-key column is fully dependent upon the primary key.
		FIRST is in 1NF but not in 2NF because status and city are functionally dependent upon only on the column s# of the composite key (s#, p#).
	www.utexas.edu /its/windows/database/datamodeling/rm/rm7.html (1390 words)

	First normal form - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First normal form (1NF) is a normal form used in database normalization.
		First normal form excludes the possibility of repeating groups by requiring that each field in a database hold an atomic value, and that records be defined in such a way as to be uniquely identifiable by means of a primary key.
		Also in contravention of 1NF is a design in which multiple columns in a table represent exactly the same type of fact:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1NF (716 words)

	Carol Edmondson's Website - Relational Theory
		First normal form (1NF) is now considered to be part of the formal definition of a relation in the basic (flat) relational model; historically, it was defined to disallow multivalued attributes, composite attributes, and their combinations.
		Hence, 1NF disallows having a set of values, a tuple of values, or a combination of both as an attribute value for a single tuple.
		The first normal form (1NF), as introduced by Codd, is equivalent to the definition of the relational data model.
	cs.anu.edu.au /people/Carol.Edmondson/theory/NormalForms.shtml (904 words)

	COMP3420 Website - Lectures
		1NF is concerned with simplifying database structures by ensuring that all attributes have simple (atomic) values and by removing repeating groups
		For the relational model, it is important to recognize that it is only first normal form (1NF) that is critical in creating appropriate relations.
		The relation is in 1NF because all its attributes are simple and it has no repeating groups - a proper relation
	cs.anu.edu.au /students/comp3420.2004/lectures/lec06 (1261 words)

	MySQL Database Design > First Normal Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For a database to be in First Normal Form (1NF), each column must contain only one value (this is sometimes described as being atomic).
		A table containing one field for an address would not be in 1NF because it stores the street address, city, state, ZIP code, and possibly country—five different bits of information—in one field.
		Similarly, a field containing a person's first and last name would also fail this test (although some would suggest that a person's full name is sufficiently atomic as is).
	www.peachpit.com /articles/article.asp?p=30885&seqNum=4 (296 words)

	How do 3NF and 1NF compare and contrast in VLDB? What advantage does the 3NF design have for a VLDB?
		Chuck Kelley's Answer: 3NF is really good when dealing with large amounts of duplicate data (i.e., not having to store it multiple times), but you will have to do more joins.
		I think the DBMS you choose will help you determine whether 3NF or 1NF or some other NF is right for you.
		These databases must have the highest level of normalization that is appropriate so database updates are as fast as possible and the data is not redundant across the database.
	www.dmreview.com /article_sub.cfm?articleId=1012080 (732 words)

	Practical database design, Part 2
		Relational database tables are 1NF by construction since vector-valued entries are forbidden.
		Note that the problem of repeating groups cannot be solved by adding any number of fields to a record; even if the number of elements of the vector-valued data was fixed, finite, and predetermined, searching for a value in all these parallel fields is prohibitively cumbersome.
		In other words, a table is 2NF if it is 1NF and all non-key attributes are functionally dependent on the entire primary key (that is, the dependency is irreducible).
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/web/library/wa-dbdsgn2.html (2862 words)

	Compare Graphs Backtracking Merge 1NF Algorithm Squeak Smalltalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Comparing two graphs for equality (isomorphism) is a fairly well known problem, although certainly a hard one in terms of being computationally intensive.
		So it may be possible to rip the metamodel and transformation code from something like GLORP and apply it instead to the diff/merge problem.
		Like GLORP itself, this wouldn't work for every object model out there (for example, you need some way to derive a unique and immutable primary key for each object), but it would do just fine for the likes of SqueakMap.
	www.visoracle.com /squeakfaq/compare-graphs.html (249 words)

	[No title]
		In order to fix this table to be 1NF, you just repeat the information so that the set will be broken down into elements: PHAM, Jeanie; PHAM, Willy.
		The list we have in here, mentioned to the definition of the 1NF, will not have equal length in each row.
		They -- instead of having the table of 1NF or multiple rows like this, they reverse this one to be non-1NF, because if you reverse this one, this way here, you have less row, but that is a purpose of the searching.
	www.csun.edu /~spham/COMP440/COMP1121.440.doc (3846 words)

	Migrating a 1NF table to multiple 2NF tables
		Re: Migrating a 1NF table to multiple 2NF tables
		If their tables, temp space, and log space are on the same drive, they're probably not very mature (or performance isn't an issue).
		Here is a power point normalization.zip from a college database design class I took that is probably the best tutorial I have seen.
	library.n0i.net /programming/perl/articles/mi_migrate (2359 words)

	A guide to First Normal Form (1NF) \| Database Solutions for Microsoft Access \| databasedev.co.uk
		The goal of normal forms is to remove redundant data from relational database tables by splitting the tables into smaller tables without losing any of the data.
		It is necessary that the decomposition is lossless, meaning that you can simply come back to the base table by combining the newly created tables with joins.
		You will see from the above that the rules have nothing to do with redundancy, but they do almost follow the rules of relational tables.
	www.databasedev.co.uk /first_normal_form.html (459 words)

	Relational databases: Achieving normalization
		With experience, you may find that the hardest part is meeting all the requirements for First Normal Form (1NF), because moving repeating values to another table often removes inappropriate dependencies.
		So you might be tempted to stop after 1NF, but don't.
		To meet 2NF, the table must be normalized to 1NF, that is, there can be no multivalued items, there can be no repeating groups, each field must be atomic, and each table must contain a key.
	articles.techrepublic.com.com /5100-22-5034773.html (586 words)

	sql views for denomalizing
		1NF barrier, which you and I and various others have argued is
		Moving along again, 1NF is the one place where I differ with Down's Law
		1NF is related to the difference between tabulation and
	www.database-forum.com /ftopic16664.html (4742 words)

	Should I break 1NF? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On average about 100 points per free hand object are generated (2 seconds of mouse down).
		But, it typically boils down to how and where to message and decompose and persist collections.
		I don't think (and that's happening with more and more frequency) that you are breaking the rules.
	weblogs.sqlteam.com /davidm/archive/2005/02/06/4119.aspx (523 words)

	First Normal Form (1NF) - Normalising Your Database \| Database Solutions for Microsoft Access \| databasedev.co.uk
		Our approach to understanding the normal forms will be to examine the problems they address.
		A table is in first normal form (1NF) if there are no repeating groups.
		A repeating group is a set of logically related fields or values that occur multiple times in one record.
	www.databasedev.co.uk /1norm_form.html (927 words)

	[No title]
		They are stipulated to hold (all tuples for all times) by designers They can't be determined simply by observing the data state at a particular time.
		NJ 62 Second Normal Form (2NF) = 1NF and every nonkey attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
		Project off repeating groups (each as separate files with repeating group attribute as key and the original key as foreign key) 1.
	www.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu /~perrizo/classes/765/nor.html (1036 words)

	First Normal Form (1NF) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An entity is said to be in first normal form (1NF) when all attributes are single-valued.
		To apply the first normal form to an entity, verify that each attribute in the entity has a single value for each instance of the entity.
		If any attribute has repeating values, it is not in 1NF.
	www.ewebarchitecture.com.cob-web.org:8888 /1nf.php (160 words)

	Database Normalization Basics (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary key).
		A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies.
		Join us next time as we explore the process of putting a database into first normal form.
	databases.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /library/weekly/aa080501a.htm (606 words)

	Amazon.com: 1NF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The design of 1NF relational databases into nested normal form (TR.
		Get it by Wednesday, December 27, if you order in the next 87 hours and 14 minutes.
		Jrumryl `' l~~t 394 1nf -~ sic m -' orpa...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=1NF&tag=acronymfinder-20&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (809 words)

	Month Year Issue
		The eight normal forms are First Normal Form, Second Normal Form, Third Normal Form, Elementary Key Normal Form, Boyce-Codd Normal Form, Fourth Normal Form, Fifth Normal Form, and Project-Join Normal Form.
		The following representation of the above data is in 1NF (and others):
		: This table is in (at least) 1NF.
	www.inconcept.com /JCM/June1999/becker.html (3290 words)

	Normalization of Database Tables
		Until 1NF is achieved we cannot create a relational database at all.
		In order to normalize a database it is essential to understand its dependencies.
		Starting with the 1NF format, the database can be converted into the 2NF format by
	www.shsu.edu /~csc_tjm/summer2000/cs334/Chapter05/Chapter5.html (759 words)

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