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	Second Battle of St Albans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Battle of St Albans was a battle of the English Wars of the Roses fought on February 22, 1461 near the town of St Albans.
		Richard, Duke of York had been defeated and killed in December 1460 in the Battle of Wakefield, and his 18-year-old son and heir Edward, Earl of March (later Edward IV) was busy in the west, where the Battle of Mortimer's Cross had been fought a few days before.
		The Lancastrians were intercepted near St Albans by Yorkist forces commanded by Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans (298 words)

	First Battle of St Albans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Battle of St Albans was the first battle of the Wars of the Roses and was fought on May 22, 1455 in the town of St Albans.
		In an attempt to avoid becoming outflanked by the 3,000 strong Yorkist army, Henry's army of 2,000 troops pulled back into the town and built barricades in Holywell Hill and St Peter's Street to defend against a Yorkist attack from the fields to east.
		The bulk of Henry's forces were surprised and fully occupied by the speed of Richard's attack; most of the army was expecting a peaceful resolution like the one at Blackheath in 1452, and the leaders had been negotiating minutes before the attack.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans (412 words)

	St Albans District Council - Leisure - Battle of St Albans
		St Albans District Council - Leisure - Battle of St Albans
		St Albans was looted as the townsfolk had feared.
		Six years later at the second battle of St Albans, the fortunes of the houses of York and Lancaster would be reversed.
	www.stalbans.gov.uk /leisure/battle.htm (731 words)

	Michael Miller - Wars of the Roses - Chapter 47: The 1st battle of St Albans: May 1455
		The Royal army reached St Albans early in the morning of 22nd May, and found the Yorkists were still in their camp at Ware, a short distance to the east.
		St Albans has grown considerably since 1455, and the lines of the Yorkist advance have been built upon, but enough remains of the medieval street plan to follow the course of the battle.
		The First battle of St Albans was not a great battle which went on for the whole day or even a number of days; all was over in less than an hour.
	www.warsoftheroses.co.uk /chapter_47.htm (2683 words)

	War of Roses
		York and Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury, were killed at the Battle of Wakefield, near Pontrefact Castle, Yorkshire in December 1460, and on Feb. 17, 1461, the Lancastrians routed Warwick at St. Albans and regained possession of the king.
		At the Second Battle of St Albans the queen won the Lancastrians' most decisive victory yet, and as the Yorkist forces fled they left behind King Henry, who was found unharmed under a tree.
		The first clash was at the Battle of Hedgeley Moor on the April 25 and the second at the Battle of Hexham on the May 15.
	home.earthlink.net /~ronaldgcus/WoR.htm (7465 words)

	St Albans - The First Battle of St Albans and the Wars of the Roses
		This was to become the time and the scene of the first battle of the famous Wars of the Roses - the 1st Battle of St Albans.
		The armies were destined to meet at the neutral and unsuspecting town of St. Albans, which suffered greatly by the custom of the victors pillaging the spoils after battle.
		The battle became a route and most of the nobles on the Lancastrian side were slain, including Sumerset who is said to have been cut down by Warwick himself.
	www.entwistlefamily.org.uk /1st_battle_of_st_albans.htm (1612 words)

	history of Clifford family
		The rebel forces were brought to battle by the King's forces in Boroughbridge in March 1322 at which Roger Clifford received severe wounds.
		He was killed at the battle of St Albans, the first battle of the battle of the war of the Roses in 1455.
		The Duke of York was killed in the battle of Wakefield in 1460, and Clifford as principle Red Rose.
	www.geocities.com /EnchantedForest/7695/clifford.html (600 words)

	The Battle of First St. Albans
		The first battle of St Albans had lasted no more than half an hour, and despite the bloodshed, only around 60-100 men were slain.
		The events at St Albans were the culmination of many years of unease between the powerful factions at the head of society.
		The town of St. Albans stretches across the centre of the table.
	members.shaw.ca /kblackley/stalbans.htm (659 words)

	The House of York
		Edmund was killed at the battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460, by Lord Clifford, whose father had been killed at the battle of St Albans.
		The Battle of Blore Heath on 22 August was a bloody affair resulting in many deaths and the capture of two of Salisbury's sons, John and Thomas.
		Following the 2nd Battle of St Albans on 7 February 1461, Montagu was captured by Queen Margaret's army.
	www.richard111.com /house_of_york.htm (14089 words)

	People
		She was the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt.
		Jacquetta was the daughter of the Count of St Pol, and the widow of the Duke of Bedford, Henry V’s brother.
		Richard Neville was the son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt and half sister of Henry IV.
	www.fifteenthcentury.net /people.html (3474 words)

	Famous Historic Battles
		The greatest battles fought by soldiers and warriors who have become infamous and immortal as a result of the great victories they achieved; their bravery, perseverance, determination, cunning, tactics, sacrifices and fortitude have written the stories of their battles and their names on the sand and winds of time.
		After the Battle of St Albans attempts were made to achieve a permanent settlement of the grievances which had given rise to the conflict, and for a while the compromise of 1455 seemed to enjoy some success.
		She gained a major success at the Battle of Wakefield on December 301460, when the army of the Duke of York and the Earl of Salisbury was destroyed.
	www.mystical-sites.stevenredhead.com /Warriors/battles.html (11518 words)

	The First Castles Paper
		Durham's Cathedral Church of Christ and Blessed Mary the Virgin is the last resting place of: St Cuthbert - the greatest of the early English saints; St Bede - the finest scholar of his age; and the head of St Oswald - the warrior king and martyr.
		He was killed at the battle of St Albans, the first battle of the War of the Roses in 1455.
		He was one of the chief commanders in the battle of Flodden against the Scots in 1513.
	www.worldforge.org /project/newsletters/June2002/Castles (3745 words)

	War of the Roses
		Armed conflict first broke out in St. Albans between the forces of King Henry VI and the Duke of York, and finally ended in Henry Tudor’s triumph on the field of Stoke.
		In the first campaign of 1460-1461, five major battles were fought, culminating in the bloodiest day on English soil at Towton, and the firm grip of Edward IV on the throne.
		With Richard’s death in battle, Tudor became Henry VII, and his grasp on the crown was even more firmly secured with the defeat of a strangely mixed army of German mercenaries, Irish, and rebel English, gathered together to support an imposter.
	www.inisfail.com /~ancients/WotR.html (4243 words)

	Des and Sue's Home Page
		He fought and won the great battle of Alnwick, wherein the King of the Scots was captured.
		Served against the Scots, and was killed at the Battle of Bannockburn.
		"Hotspur" was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury and Henry at the Battle of Bramham Moor.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /desheap/England/English051-100.htm (788 words)

	Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Battle of Blore Heath - 23 September 1459
		The Battle of Wakefield - 30 December 1460
		The 2nd Battle of St Albans - 17 February 1461
	www.fifteenthcentury.net /battles.html (158 words)

	ab-con1
		THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE The German attack in the Ardennes in December 1944.
		Crime in WWII - Battle of Britain Investigation - The fate of the crew of Leutnant Albert Metzger's Heinkel on a south coast beach.
		ST. MALO - The bitter battle for this French Channel port in August 1944 Cezembre - The German fortress island pulverised during the battle Preservation - Spur Battery dismantled - Terry Gander describes the move of a 9.2-inch gun from Gibraltar to the Imperial War Museum at Duxford.
	www.afterthebattle.com /ab-con1.html (15067 words)

	AllRefer.com - Warwick, Richard Neville, earl of : Yorkist Leader (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		With his father, the earl of Salisbury, Warwick supported Richard of York in his bid for the protectorship of Henry VI (1454) and took up arms when York lost his office.
		Warwick was largely responsible for the Yorkist victory at the first battle of St. Albans (1455) and was appointed to the strategic post of governor of Calais.
		But York's son, Edward, won the battle of Mortimer's Cross (1461), entered London, and was proclaimed king as Edward IV.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/WarwickRN-yorkist-leader.html (281 words)

	St Albans District Council - Tourism - Tour Guides
		Two battles were fought in St.Albans in this dynastic struggle between the houses of Lancaster and York – the first in 1455 and the second in 1461.
		They are also being offered as separate 1st and 2nd battle walks at 11am and 3pm on May 22nd (the actual date of the first conflict), and again on 28th August.
		Guides are present from April 1st to October 29th on Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays between 3pm-5pm, and additionally between 11am – 1pm on Sundays between July 2nd and August 27th and for the August Bank Holiday on August 28th.
	www.stalbans.gov.uk /tourism/guides/index.htm/index.htm (1305 words)

	The St Albans "Arc & Arc" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The number and characteristics of Dissenters in St Albans from 1650–1700 have been compiled from a multi-source computer database.
		An account of the wet-nursing of children sent from Thomas Coram’s London Foundling Hospital to St Albans and the philanthropically-motivated organisation that dealt with them.
		Described as “The Unlucky Hero”, this landowner & MP for St Albans had a distinguished naval career, thwarted by ill-luck and political enemies.
	www.stalbanshistory.org /papers.htm (391 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		In 1453 a son born to Henry VI displaced York as heir to the throne, but the onset of the king's insanity enabled York to secure control of the government as protector (1454).
		Dismissed when the king recovered, York resorted to arms (see Roses, Wars of the) and, with the help of his wife's relatives, most notably Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, won the first battle of St. Albans (1455), in which Somerset was killed.
		A compromise was arranged by which York was recognized as protector and heir apparent to the throne, but Margaret (whose own son had thus been disinherited) gathered her forces and defeated the Yorkists at the battle of Wakefield, in which York was slain.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:York-Ric (435 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafn25 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Executed after the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471.
		Duke of Somerset, beheaded by Yorkists after the battle of Hexham in 1463.
		1st Duke of Albany (died 1420) and the latter's son.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafn25.htm (468 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Returning to Florence in the early 1450s, he died on a return visit to Rome in 1455 and is entombed at the church of Santa Maria della Minerva.
		King Henry VI was taken prisoner by the Yorkists at the Battle of St. Albans, the 1st battle in the 30-year War of the Roses.
		The army of the Duke of York met the army of Queen Margaret at the Battle of St. Alban’s.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1450-1459/1.htm (1161 words)

	RoyaList Online - Royal Genealogy - Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (The Kingmaker)
		Richard commanded the centre of the Yorkist army at the first battle of St. Albans, leading the attack that broke through the Lancastrian lines.
		Richard commanded the Yorkist army at the battle of Northampton, at which he was saved from defeat only by the treachery of Edmund, Lord Grey of Ruthin, who deserted the Lancastrian cause at a vital moment.
		Richard's army was defeated by the Lancastrians, under Queen Margaret, at the second battle of St. Albans.
	www.royalist.info /execute/biog?person=184 (318 words)

	NEVILLE of Westmoreland/Kent/Salisbury
		He was slain at the battle of garnet, 14 Apr 1471, though some authors affirm that he was murdered by his own party.
		He fought at the Battle of Blore Heath and was captured and imprisoned by the Lancastrians.
		After the Yorkist victory at Northampton he was released, but was captured again at the second Battle of St Albans.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /NEVILLE2.htm (1820 words)

	Shadowed Realm: Medieval Timeline > Browse by Century
		In the opening battle of the Wars of the Roses, Richard, Duke of York, and his allies the Yorkists attacked King Henry VI's smaller army at the fortified town of St Albans.
		A battle during the Wars of the Roses in which the Earl of Salisbury defeated a larger force of Lancastrians under the command of Lord Audley.
		When he rejoined the battle with 500 of his men, the whole line had rotated ninety degrees because of the pressure on the flanks, and instead of charging into the backs of the Yorkist ranks, he attacked his own men, killing Warwick's own brother, John Neville.
	www.shadowedrealm.com /timeline/century.php?Range=Fifteenth (1302 words)

	Berkshire History: Biographies: Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon (1414-1458)
		Thomas was the eldest son of Thomas Courtenay, 4th Earl of Devon, and his wife, Anne, daughter of Richard, Lord Talbot, and sister of the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.
		With the outbreak of the War of the Roses, the Earl was with the King’s army at the 1st Battle of St. Albans, at which the Duke of York destroyed his enemies and took the King into custody.
		On 1st November, the Earl seized Exeter and held the city for six weeks before being compelled to surrender to York.
	www.berkshirehistory.com /bios/tcourtenay_5eofd.html (605 words)

	thePeerage.com - Sir John de Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and others
		She married, secondly, Sir Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, son of Sir John de Neville, 3rd Baron Neville and Maud de Percy, before 29 November 1396 in Chateau de Beaufort, Meuse-et-Loire.
		She married, secondly, Sir John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, son of Sir John de Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Lady Margaret de Holand, between 1439 and 1442.
		She married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of Edward III, King of England and Philippe de Hainaut, between 1 March 1372 and 30 April 1372 in Hertford Castle, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10198.htm (3620 words)

	Friends Associates
		He was buried in the Chapel of Our Lady, commissioned and paid for by Sir Thomas, in the Abbey of St. Mary of Graces on Tower Hill in London.
		Falkborne Hall, a fine brick built manor house (its style was copied by Burgh at The Old Hall) near Witham in Essex, descended to Montgomery’s sister’s husband, John Fortescue Esq, along with the rest of the estate.
		Born in 1418 and of South Ormesby, Lincolnshire; Justice of the Peace (JP) for Lindsey 1447-58 and 1461-83, Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1458 and 1463, Escheator 1449 and 1458, Steward of Hatfield and Conisborough, South Yorkshire, for Richard, Duke of York.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /andyjen01/friends_associates.htm (2610 words)

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