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  The Nature and Origins of the 1st-Century Synagogue By Anders Runesson
This is problematic since the synagogue went through significant development over the years and the features of the later synagogue, including such aspects as most parts of the liturgy and the architecture of the buildings, are not possible to trace as far back in time as we have evidence of institutions designated by synagogue terms.
Most important, however, is the layout of the main hall, which in all cases is equipped with benches lining three or four of the walls, having its architectural focus in the empty space in the center of the room.
century, the synagogue was a well-established institution both in Palestine and in the Diaspora.
www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Runesson-1st-Century_Synagogue_1.htm   (1878 words)

  
  MSN Encarta - Architecture (building)
Architectural form is inevitably influenced by the technologies applied, but building technology is conservative and knowledge about it is cumulative.
An experience of architectural space is personal and psychological; it differs from that of sculpture or painting because the observer is in it.
During the mid-19th century, architecture became institutionalized as a profession requiring formal preparation and subject to codes of performance.
encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578082/Architecture_(building).html   (1657 words)

  
 First Europe Tutorial - Art and Architecture
It was building technology as much as architectural style that made Roman monumental buildings the object of marvel and admiration for later builders who no longer had access to the same methods and materials and were not capable of duplicating them.
Pont du Gard: Nîmes, late 1st century B.C.E. The Pantheon: Rome, c.
Emperor Augustus, early 1st century C.E. Six Holy Women, S. Maria in Valle: Cividale (Italy), c.
www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/culture.html   (996 words)

  
 Art and architecture in Rome
Columns and capitals were taken from ruined buildings to support the roofs of new churches; colored marble was sawn into small pieces and used to pave the floors with geometrical designs (known as "cosmatesque" paving, from the Cosmati family of artisans who specialized in the technique).
Builders copied Roman architecture: the romanesque arches, apses and cross vaults to be seen in medieval buildings repeat architectural forms already used by the Romans.
The Roman acqueducts, out of use since the sixth century, were restored to working order and artistic public fountains were built to celebrate the return of fresh running water.
www.inforoma.it /feature.php?lookup=artarch   (875 words)

  
 Architecture
These stones are examples of nineteenth century architectural design and, as such, they reflect the tastes of their time.
Cemeteries throughout the country are adorned with Egyptian architecture, ranging from the massive Egyptian arch spanning the entrance of the Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven
Architectural styling made the monuments in these cemeteries as pleasing to the eye as the landscape.
www.uni.edu /connors/Architecture.htm   (1351 words)

  
 Architectural Review, The: A century of architecture - The Architectural Review celebrates 100th anniversary - Editorial   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
We no longer argue about whether architecture is a pure or applied art (indeed the very term 'applied' has changed its meaning from 'put in use' to 'stuck on').
English criticism is different from that of France and the US, which tends to emphasise architecture as an autonomous art (the purity of which has to be sullied by the sordid process of building), and that of the German-speaking countries which draws so much from the awesomely rigorous technical and Kunstgeschichte tradition.
In True Principles, he announced that 'The two great rules for design are these: 1st, that there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction or propriety; 2nd, that all ornament should consist of the essential construction of the building.
www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3575/is_n1187_v199/ai_18068962   (1269 words)

  
 Jerusalem: Christian Architecture through the Ages
Another important architectural ruin from the Byzantine period is the apse and foundation walls of the monumental Nea Church, the "New Church of St. Mary, Mother of God" built by the Emperor Justinian in 543.
The finest examples of surviving Romanesque architecture in Jerusalem are the 11th century church of the Greek Orthodox Monastery of the Holy Cross, located near the Israel Museum, and the restored 12th century Church of St. Anne, near the Lions Gate in the Old City.
The outline of the 11th century Church of St. Mary of the Latins is preserved in the present German Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, built in 1898.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/charch.html   (3798 words)

  
 Handbooks, Encyclopaedias, Dictionaries for Architecture
A useful source for European architecture with the emphasis on individual architects and firms, with numerous illustrations.
Architecture and urban planning of the 20th century.
There are entries for architects no longer alive but who have been important in modern architecture, and cross references to entries in the previous editions for architects deleted from this edition.
www.library.adelaide.edu.au /guide/arch/hdbk.html   (1112 words)

  
 History of BUDDHIST AND HINDU ARCHITECTURE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The most significant architectural feature of southeast Asia is the Buddhist stupa, known in India from the 1st century BC but no doubt dating from earlier.
An architectural descendant of the burial mound, the stupa is a brick and plaster hemisphere with a pointed superstructure (seen as an image of the cosmos).
The massively tall gilded stupa at the centre of the Shwe Dagon temple in Rangoon (built as recently as the 19th century), is by contrast a solid structure in the original stupa tradition.
www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab96   (789 words)

  
 Art and Architecture Library: Collections: Notable Acquisions: 1993-1994
This is one of the two or three largest and most authoritative architectural encyclopedias of the 19th century.
The Dictionary is now particularly useful to architectural historians engaged in assessing 19th-century British attitudes toward various building types and toward architecture in general, and for information on the construction technology of the period.
1st century BC) was a Roman architectural theoretician whose book, De architectura, has been a source of information and a strong influence on many later architects working in styles that borrow classical elements.
www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/art/collections/notable_aquisitions/notacq93.html   (520 words)

  
 Art History Program Course Offerings for Fall 2003
Themes include: the rise in social status of the artist and the notion of artistic genius; the influence of patronage and collecting; women as subjects, patrons, and practitioners of art; classicism and “anti-classicism” (Mannerism); art and religious reform; government and city planning; and the role of art in the creation of political identities.
Architecture, sculpture, and painting from 1600-1750, especially in Rome, and in painting, in the Bolognese school.
The flow of architectural style from 1750 to 1910 in Europe and America; background to the frequent changes in style, from Romanticism and through the debatable tastes of the mid- century, to the rise of the skyscraper and early Frank Lloyd Wright.
www.umass.edu /arthist/courses.htm   (1536 words)

  
 Architecture
Many masterpieces of Islamic art, such as the Alhambra and the Taj Mahal, were produced during the period between the early 13th century and the advent of European colonial rule in the 19th.
First comprehensive presentation and analysis of this 20th century master's work; his main persuit before he achieved preeminence in the field of architecture.
Recording the architectural casualties suffered during the whole period of air bombardment 1940-45 profusely illus.
www.bspgallery.com.au /archit.htm   (2553 words)

  
 Italy 2005 - Marcus Travel Site
Other architecture that is noted is the Church of the Ognissati which was built by the Knights Templar and the Palazzo Caccetta - a 15th century palace near the harbour.
It is known as a Baroque city as in the 17th Century the architects decided to cover the city's monuments with a light coat of what was then, the in fashion.
In the 4th Century this was a Roman settlement but things really changed when in 13th century Frederick II decided to change the city by relocating Arab thieves from Sicily to Lucera.
www.marcuslink.com /travel/italy2005/week-three.html   (2435 words)

  
 Veritas et Venustas: The Anxiety of Influence   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
With Robert A.M. Stern I wrote a history of architecture and urbanism in the Progressive Era, New York 1900, Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism 1890–1915 (Rizzoli, 1983) as well as an introduction to the history of suburbia before sprawl, The Anglo–American Suburb (St. Martin's Press, 1981).
I'm a Director of the Institute of Classical Architecture & Classical America, a Founding Member of the Congress for the New Urbanism, and a co-founder of the New Urban and Traditional Architecture Councils.
The New Colonist...for the citizen of the new century
massengale.typepad.com /venustas/2005/08/the_anxiety_of_.html   (3802 words)

  
 RIBA Library (British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects)
The RIBA Trust is delighted to announce that the British Architectural Library has purchased the Codex Stosch, one of the most significant 16th century collections of architectural drawings of the great buildings of ancient Rome, produced by Giovanni Battista da Sangallo (1496-1548), a member of Raphael’s circle.
The British Architectural Library is very grateful to the Earl of Rosse for kindly depositing on loan to the library the original manuscript of Miscelanea Structura Curiosa by the Irish architect Samuel Chearnley (1717 or 1718 - 1749), dating from 1745.
In addition to architectural theory, practice and history there is material on allied subjects such as building and construction, civil engineering, structural engineering, landscape architecture, interior design and decoration, the decorative arts, town and country planning, and construction law.
www.architecture.com /go/Architecture/Reference/Library_898.html   (1398 words)

  
 INDIAN MIRROR - ARTS - Architecture
In India, the establishment of the Muslim power around the 12th century brought in fresh principles and practices in the realm of architecture, which continued for the next 600 years.
It was the political capital of the Pallava rulers during the 7th and 9th centuries.
One of the two high towered gopuras resemble 12th and 13th century Chola projects while the other is characteristic of the 16th century Vijayanagar period.
www.indianmirror.com /arts/arts1.html   (1291 words)

  
 16th century architecture used in galileo written by bertolt brecht: 411essays.com- 411 essays, 411 research papers, ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
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www.411essays.com /term-papers/647/16th-century-architecture-used-in-galileo-written-by-bertolt-brecht.html   (538 words)

  
 1st Century Bank Board of Directors
Levy is a former chairman of the American Art Council of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, a member of the Executive Board of the West Los Angeles County Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a member of the Fraternity of Friends of the Los Angeles Music Center.
He has served as a director of several California banks, and is a Public Trustee of the Urban Innovations Group of the School of Architecture and Planning at UCLA.
Wolff is a nationally-recognized expert in urban development and planning and continues to lead numerous prominent development projects such as the conversion of the 20th Century Fox studios into a shopping center and acquisition and management of top-tier luxury hotel properties.
www.1stcenturybank.com /about/bod.aspx   (2669 words)

  
 Thinking Robots: David Porush
The reverse is also true: when the correct architecture is constructed, the transcendent will be compelled to inhabit it willy nilly.
Ten or twelve centuries of civilization which intervened between the composition of Exodus 20 and the accretion of Exodus 25 when the Bible is recompiled after the Babylonian exile.
It has taken us ten more centuries to get there, but technology and the accidents of intellectual history have brought us to the point when we are ready to take the next step.
www.cni.org /pub/LITA/Think/Porush.html   (2619 words)

  
 The Route of the Dukes of Burgundy ( 3 )
VIth century B.C. treasure from Vix: decorated bronze vase, 1.64 meters in height and 1,100 liters in volume, gold torque, jewellery, and funeral furniture discovered in the tomb of a prince.
This sumptuous château of the XVIth and XVIIth centuries belonged to the family of Admiral de Coligny during the wars of religion.
A large Gothic chapel was erected in the XVth century by Claude de Montaigu, Chevalier de la Toison d'Or and Chambellan du Duc de Bourgogne.
www.franceway.com /regions/bourgogn/route3.htm   (448 words)

  
 Architecture & Design Collection
It invites California Schools of Architecture and Planning (Phase 1) and interested architects (Phase 2) to map future directions for growth and development along Chapala Street in Santa Barbara’s historic downtown El Pueblo Viejo District.
To raise awareness of new opportunities within the Santa Barbara community and among its elected officials and policymakers about options for smart growth and development as a means for preserving the city in the 21st century.
To demonstrate how innovative architectural and planning solutions addressing issues of increased compact mixed-use work force housing within the Chapala corridor in downtown Santa Barbara can respond sensitively to growth needs without compromising the city’s "quality of life" and unique historical heritage.
www.uam.ucsb.edu /Pages/adc_chapala_1.html   (659 words)

  
 16th century architecture: 1st-rate-papers.com- first rate papers, first rate essays, first rate research papers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
All of this symbolizes a time of great respect during the early 16th century for literature, art, religion, sculpture and architecture, as was prevalent in most society’s during their “Renaissance”.
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www.1st-rate-papers.com /term-papers/646/16th-century-architecture.html   (367 words)

  
 Life in Elizabethan England 71: The Great House
At the same time, knowledge of classical treatises on architecture and continental trends based on them is a sign of your education and taste, and a new or expanded house in the latest fashion is a symbol of your rank and power.
Architecture is a newly revived science, largely promoted in England by Dr. John Dee (1570) and John Shute (1563).
If like Dr Dee you've been reading the Classical authors or the more modern Italians, you understand that the ornamentation of a house should be appropriate to the rank, dignity and style of the people who live in it.
renaissance.dm.net /compendium/71.html   (912 words)

  
 Amsterdam: In Depth : Architecture : 20th Century | Frommers.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Between 1900 and 1940 many different styles of architecture were purveyed from the offices of various Amsterdam architects, but one style stands out above the others: the famous Amsterdam school, with Ed.
Closer to the middle of the century, the decorative brickwork features used by the Amsterdam school were abandoned because architects were more interested in creating an absolutely functional space, placing a premium on eliminating architectural flourishes that cluttered and detracted from the utility of a space.
This architectural ideology is the basis for what we know as modern urban planning, with its sleek skyscrapers and high-rise office and apartment buildings.
www.frommers.com /destinations/amsterdam/0043031203.html   (306 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
It is amongst the best in the country and vividly recreates an era and brings to life the history of the Fort and the love story of Raja Man Singh and his Queen Mrignayani.
A Pratihara Vishnu shrine, the 9th century Teli ka Mandir, towers to a height of over 100 ft. It is built in a unique blend of South Indian architecture with North Indian decorative motifs.
Not far from the Mandir is the historic Suraj Kund, the pool with the curative waters associated with the founder of the fort and the city of Gwalior.
www.journeymart.com /DExplorer/AsiaIS/India/MadhyaPradesh/Gwalior?SubLink=DExplorer/AsiaIS/India/MadhyaPradesh/Gwalior/viSightseeing_Inc.htm   (627 words)

  
 1st century BC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
(2nd century BC - 1st century BC - (Click link for more info and facts about 1st century) 1st century - (Click link for more info and facts about other centuries) other centuries)
An alternative name for this century is the last century BC.
Birth of (A teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)) Jesus of Nazareth See: Chronology of Jesus' birth and death and (Click link for more info and facts about Anno Domini) Anno Domini for further details
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/1/1s/1st_century_BC1.htm   (605 words)

  
 Chinese Architecture: Xiaoling Tomb, Nanjing
After the animals is a pair of hexagonal pillars followed by a short sequence of civil and military officials.
These statues are very realistically carved in full 14th century costume.
The base stones that supported its massive pillars can still be seen around the small wooden building that replaced it in the early twentieth century.
www.orientalarchitecture.com /nanjing/MINGTOMB.htm   (1020 words)

  
 History, Architecture, Ethnic -- Hans Herr House
Herr was the "aged patriarch" of a group of Swiss Mennonites who had come to America to escape the persecution they had endured for 200 years.
The 18th century experience of the first Mennonite settlers is interpreted here through exhibits of agricultural tools, colonial demonstrations (at special events), and through educational programs.
The House itself is one of the best remaining examples of medieval Germanic architecture in the country.
www.fieldtrip.com /pa/74644438.htm   (403 words)

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