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Topic: 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake

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	Earthquake K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		Earthquakes occurring at boundaries of tectonic plates are called interplate earthquakes, while the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Some earthquakes are the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as extraction of minerals and fossil fuel from the Earth's crust, the removal or injection of fluids into the crust, reservoir-induced seismicity, massive explosions, and collapse of large buildings.
		Earthquakes have also been known to be caused by the removal of natural gas from subsurface deposits, for instance in the northern Netherlands.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/earthsciences/earthquake.html (3004 words)

	Earthquake - ToseekA Search Results
		Earthquakes may also occur in volcanic regions and are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes.
		Such a pattern was observed in the sequence of about a dozen earthquakes that struck the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey in the 20th Century, the half dozen large earthquakes in New Madrid in 1811-1812, and has been inferred for older anomalous clusters of large earthquakes in the Middle East and in the Mojave Desert.
		Earthquakes may result in disease, lack of basic necessities, loss of life, higher insurance premiums, general property damage, road and bridge damage, and collapse of buildings or destabilization of the base of buildings which may lead to collapse in future earthquakes.
	www.toseeka.com /onlineencyclopedia/Earthquake (2783 words)

	Toronto Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The first quake struck the Chuetsu area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan with a reading of 7 on the Japanese shindo scale at Kawaguchi, Niigata.
		The JMA gave the coordinates of the earthquake as 37.3° N 138.8° ECoordinates: 37.3° N 138.8° E.
		There was also the 2007 Chuetsu offshore earthquake, both striking shortly after major typhoons passed by, causing complications.
	www.torontopost.biz /Info/?2004_Chuetsu_Earthquake (0 words)

	Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Events that occur at plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes; the less frequent Events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are called intraplate earthquakes.
		Earthquakes, especially those that occur beneath oceans or seas, can give rise to tsunamis, either as a direct result of the deformation of the sea bed due to the earthquake, or as a result of submarine landslips or "slides" indirectly triggered by it.
		Earthquakes such as these, that are caused by human activity, are referred to by the term induced seismicity.
	earthquake.iqnaut.net (1434 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earth's surface.
		Earthquake effects are described in terms of intensity, a scale which attempts to quantify the severity of shaking at a given location.
		Earthquakes such as these, that are caused by human activity, are referred to by the term induced seismicity.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/2004-Chuetsu-Earthquake (1701 words)

	2004 chuetsu earthquake - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The first quake struck the Chuetsu area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan with a reading of 7 on the Japanese shindo scale at Kawaguchi, Niigata.
		On the Richter scale, the moment magnitude of the earthquake is estimated at 6.9.
		The JMA gave the coordinates of the earthquake as 37.3° N latitude, 138.8° W longitude.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/2004-Chuetsu-Earthquake (676 words)

	Geonomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Place: 1948 Salta earthquake the '1948 salta earthquake' was a major seismic movement that took place in the province of salta, argentina, on 25 august 1948, at 06:09:23 a.m.
		Place: 2005 Kashmir earthquake the 'kashmir earthquake' (also known as the 'south asia earthquake' or 'pakistan earthquake') of 2005 was a major earthquake whose epicenter was the pakistan-administered disputed region of kashmir.
		the earthquake was felt in the provinces of mendoza (vâ“vi in the mercalli intensity scale), san juan, san luis (iv mercalli), la rioja, and cÃ³rdoba (iii mercalli).
	www.geonomy.com /geonomy/viewHome.do?zoom=2&tagName=Earthquakes (2697 words)

	earthquake, cabo, bridge airlines, tennessee, zimex aviation, bolivia, blue wings, venice, axis airways, puerto rico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The tragic earthquake that hit northern Pakistan in 2005 opened up doors in previously closed areas, and the gospel of thomas is spreading in many ways.
		Tourists are drawn by the cultural heritage in the village itself, the nature park of serra de sintra, the coastal beaches in the municipality and cabo da roca, the westernmost point of mainland europe, which lies 18 kilometres west of sintra.
		Despite this load, in the middle of 1999 a slow reorganization of the economy of istanbul was observed, till the earthquake caused the second large economic shock for the city from the east with center kocaeli in 17 august 1999 after the crisis in russia.
	www.caboolturescenery.info /Earthquake.html (1428 words)

	Earthquake - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Most earthquakes are tectonic, but they also occur in volcanic regions and as the result of a number of anthropogenic sources, such as reservoir induced seismicity, mining and the removal or injection of fluids into the crust.
		Most earthquakes occur in narrow regions around plate boundaries at depths down to a few tens of kilometres in the earth's crust where it is rigid enough to support elastic strain.
		Deep focus earthquakes, at depths of hundreds of kilometres, are possibly generated as subducted lithospheric material catastrophically undergoes a phase transition since at the pressures and temperatures present at such depth elastic strain cannot be supported.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Earthquake (2367 words)

	Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Earthquakes may also occur in volcanic regions and are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes.
		A recently proposed theory suggests that some earthquakes may occur in a sort of earthquake storm, where one earthquake will trigger a series of earthquakes each triggered by the previous shifts on the fault lines, similar to aftershocks, but occurring years later, and with some of the later earthquakes as damaging as the early ones.
		Earthquakes may result in disease, lack of basic necessities, loss of life, higher insurance premiums, general property damage, road and bridge damage, and collapse of buildings or destabilization of the base of buildings which may lead to collapse in future earthquakes.
	www.ekenjy.co.za /wiki/Earthquake (3227 words)

	Yosihiko Ogata
		I am concerned with the precise prediction of time- and history-dependent occurrence rates of an earthquake sequence, particularly, aftershock sequences, in order to test the hypothesis that abrupt stress-change due to a seismic or an aseismic slip triggers a seismicity-rate-change in the surrounding area.
		For example, the figure shows the epicenters of earthquakes with magnitude 2 and over that occurred during the period from 1997 through October 2004, and pattern of CFS increments for the receiver faults (10km depth) of dominating angles in this region around the source of the 2004 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu earthquake.
		Each of the four panels shows the cumulative number and magnitude of the earthquakes from each of the four regions against the time.
	www.ism.ac.jp /projects/ism_pr-summary-5_e.html (0 words)

	earthquake, boats, hewa bora airways, northwestern air, springs, dagestan airlines, orange cargo, pan african airlines, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The rickety viaduct, vulnerable to collapse in a major earthquake, is to be replaced by either a tunnel or new viaduct.
		But by the end of 2004, the airline was defunct, citing the downturn of tourism after the 2004 indian ocean earthquake.
		A tsunami in the indian ocean caused by the 2004 indian ocean earthquake caused parts of maldives to be covered by sea water and left many people homeless.
	boatsmith.info /Earthquake.html (1136 words)

	Earthquake Online, World Encyclopedia, India encyclopedia, Featured Articles, Cover Stories, World wide Informations @ ...
		An earthquake's underground point of initial ground rupture is called its focus or hypocenter.
		Large earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship being exponential; for example, roughly ten times as many earthquakes larger than magnitude 4 occur in a particular time period than earthquakes larger than magnitude 5.
		Earthquake Information - Electricquakes.com Exploring possible links between solar activity and earthquakes with earthquake and solar data streaming sources shown side by side for visual correlation.
	www.chennaivision.com /windex.php?title=Earthquake (3251 words)

	Earthquake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground and sometimes tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and destruction of property.
		Some earthquakes have anthropogenic sources, such as extraction of minerals and fossil fuel from the Earth's crust, the removal or injection of fluids into the crust, reservoir-induced seismicity, massive explosions, and collapse of large buildings.
		This phenomenon was first seen in 1988 with the Earthquake Game at Louisiana State University, in which fans stamped their feet and jumped up and down vigorously enough to have the effect register on the campus seismograph.
	www.wozhidao.org /en/Earthquake.htm (3205 words)

	Conferência do Prof
		On October 23, 2004 at 17:56 PM (Japan local time), a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck 80 km to the South of Niigata, on the West coast of Honshu, Japan.
		This is one of the deadliest earthquakes to hit Japan in the last decade.
		Compared to the damage to steel-reinforced concrete structures, the scale and extent of the damage to soil structures and its effect on the transportation system and associated civilian life were much more extensive.
	www-ext.lnec.pt /SPG/Prof_Tatsuoka.htm (395 words)

	JR-EAST: Press Release > Measures for Locations Similar to Those Damaged by Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake
		After the October 2004 Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake, an internal group was formed called the Committee for Investigating the Cause of Railway Tunnel Damage in the Earthquake in Chuetsu, Niigata Prefecture, chaired by Professor Toshihiro Asakura of the Kyoto University Graduate School.
		The following earthquake countermeasures are being examined with the objective of preventing large-scale damage such as the collapse of the lining in tunnels, in the event of an earthquake similar in scale to the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake.
		Three types of earthquake countermeasures were considered: filling in voids according to the state of the back face (back-fill grouting), lock-bolting, and inner surface reinforcement.
	www.jreast.co.jp /E/press/20051001/no_2.html (750 words)

	Rupture processes of the 2004 Chuetsu (mid-Niigata prefecture) earthquake, Japan: A series of events in a complex fault ...
		We relocated the hypocenters of the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake sequence, Niigata, Japan, using the double-difference method.
		These results suggest that stress changes resulting from individual earthquakes led directly to the occurrence of subsequent earthquakes within the complex fault system.
		Index Terms: 7212 Seismology: Earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology; 7215 Seismology: Earthquake source observations (1240); 7223 Seismology: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction (1217, 1242); 7230 Seismology: Seismicity and tectonics (1207, 1217, 1240, 1242).
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2005/2005GL023588.shtml (297 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Impaired psychological recovery in the elderly after the Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake in ...
		An earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck the Niigata-Chuetsu region of Japan at 5.56 P.M. on the 23rd of October, 2004.
		The earthquake was followed by sustained occurrence of numerous aftershocks, one of which measuring 5.0 occurred even on 28th of December, 2004.
		Five months after the earthquake, 3,026 subjects who lost houses at the earthquake and had continued to live in temporary housing were asked to reply to questionnaire surveys prepared to measure their psychological distress.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/6/230 (0 words)

	2004 Chuetsu Earthquake
		The first quake struck the Chuetsu area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan with a reading of 7 on the Japanese shindo scale at Kawaguchi, Niigata.
		The initial earthquake caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshū, including parts of the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chubu, and Kantō regions.
		Sheehan became an anti-war protester after her son, Casey Sheehan, was killed while fighting in the Iraq War on April 4, 2004 at the age of 24.
	2004-chuetsu-earthquake.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/2004_Chuetsu_Earthquake (0 words)

	Japanese Geotechnical Society
		During the construction of buried pipes and manholes, the ground was excavated first, the pipes and manholes were placed in the ditches, then the ditches were filled with sand.
		The soil investigation of the sand fill after the earthquake revealed that the sands were very loose and easy to liquefy.
		It was concluded that the uplift of the manholes and pipes occurred due to the liquefaction of the sand fill.
	www.jiban.or.jp /e/sf/contents/46-6/46-6-15.html (208 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Strong earthquake strikes northern Japan
		TOKYO – A powerful earthquake rocked northern Japan early Wednesday in the area still recovering from a stronger tremor last month that killed 39 people.
		The magnitude 5.3 quake hit at 3:43 a.m., and was centered in the Chuetsu region of Niigata prefecture (state), the Meteorological Agency said.
		The magnitude 6.8 earthquake on Oct. 23 was the deadliest quake to hit Japan since 1995, when a magnitude 7.2 quake killed 6,000 people in the western city of Kobe.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20041109-1804-japan-earthquake.html (181 words)

	onlinefx destination guide to japan
		About 70 to 80% of the country is forested, mountainous [9][10],and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial, or residential use, due to the generally steep elevations, climate, and risk of landslides caused by earthquakes, soft ground, and heavy rain.
		This has resulted in an extremely high population density in the habitable zones that are mainly located in coastal areas.
		The most recent major quakes include the 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake and the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995.
	www.onlinefx.co.uk /fx/Stores/OnlineFX/destinationguide/japan.asp (465 words)

	Strong earthquake strikes northern Japan, injures eight
		A magnitude 5.9 earthquake rocked northern Japan on Monday, injuring at least eight people, near the area where the country's deadliest earthquake in years struck last month.
		It was centered close to the earth's surface in the Chuetsu area of Niigata prefecture, the Meteorological Agency said.
		Japanese children crawl down on the floor at an elementary school in Kawaguchi town, northern Japan as a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 jolted the area November 8, 2004, the latest aftershock to hit a region struck by a deadly tremor last month.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-11/08/content_389539.htm (500 words)

	Amplification of Long-Period Ground Motion by Subsurface Half-Graben in the Kanto Plain
		The soft, thick sedimentary strata, beneath the Kanto plain are a cause of the amplification of the ground motion of the earthquake.
		In a simulation of ground motion modeling the Chuetsu Earthquake, it was found that, in particular, the 4s period component was greater than that estimated from the conventional model (D2).
		Because the motion of this 4s period affects the motion of super-high rise (about 200m class) buildings, it is necessary to consider the deep geological structure when constructing buildings of this height in the Asaka-Konosu area.
	www.aist.go.jp /aist_e/annual/2006/highlight_p14/highlight_p14.html (452 words)

	2004 CHUETSU EARTHQUAKE : Encyclopedia Entry
		The JMA gave the coordinates of the earthquake as 37.3° N 138.8° E.
		Niigata Prefecture is located in the Hokuriku region of Honshū, the largest island of Japan.
		The initial earthquake caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshū, including parts of the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chubu, and Kantō regions.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/2004_Chuetsu_Earthquake (705 words)

	Favorite Japanese Webcams
		However, about 73% of the country is mountainous and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial, or residential use due to the generally steep elevations, climate, and risk of landslides caused by earthquakes and heavy rain.
		This has resulted in an extremely high population density in the habitable zones that are mainly located in coastal areas.
		Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunamis, occur several times each century.
	www.sunnyfortuna.com /fortunacam/showcams/japan (245 words)

	Earthquake insurances List of earthquakes, more information about List of earthquakes
		Recent studies indicate that these casualties were most likely due to a cyclone, not an earthquake.
		Occurred within minutes of a previous earthquake of magnitude 5.7 centered in the same area; no major injuries or damage reported from either earthquake
		Occurred near the site of where a 9.0 earthquake triggered a massive tsunami in December 2004.
	www.earthquake-insurances.com /List_of_earthquakes.html (395 words)

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