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Lucina-Ptesan-Wi She is holding an early 20th century Ijebu waterspirit mask from Nigeria and a vessel with a carving of Olokun from an Ijebu drum; her bracelet is Ijebu, 18th century. She is holding a Haniwa (death mask) of a shaman from the Yamato state, 5th-6th century, and a female figurine used in sacred ceremonies from the late Jomon period, 1000-250 BCE. She is holding a 19th century Fon royal staff from Dahomey and wearing a 20th century shell headdress from the same region. www.goddessmyths.com /Lucina-Ptesan-Wi.html   (0 words)

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy :: Reference : RSS Feeds : Gourt Anaxarchus - 4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus. Cicero, Marcus Tullius - 1st century BCE Roman orator and philosopher of the New Academy. Euclides - 4th century BCE native of Megara, and founder of the Megarian or Eristic sect. www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsociety.gourt.com%2FPhilosophy%2FReference%2FInternet-Encyclopedia-of-Philosophy.html   (2540 words)

Hebrews, History Of Judaism King Jeroboam II (8th century BCE) was able to undertake to restore the imperial sway of the north over its neighbour, and a prophecy of Jonah that he would extend Israel's borders from the Dead Sea to the entrance to Hamath (Syria) was borne out. In a work on the analogical interpretation of the Law of Moses, Aristobulus in the 2nd century BCE anticipated Philo in attempting to harmonize Greek philosophy and the Torah, in using the method of allegory to explain anthropomorphisms in the Bible, and in asserting that the Greek philosophers were indebted to Moses. The Wisdom of Solomon, dating from the 1st century BCE, shows an acquaintance with the Platonic doctrine of the preexistence of the soul and with a method of argument known as sorites that was favoured by the Stoics (Greek philosophers). history-world.org /history_of_judaism.htm   (0 words)

[No title] Bernal assumes that this pharaoh should be identified with the Sesostris mentioned by the fifth- century BCE historian Herodotus (2.102-10) and the Sesoosis mentioned by the first-century BCE writer Diodorus Siculus (1.53-58), and he accepts these 20 Thomas A. Schmitz writers' accounts of his conquests. This relatively stable Pax Aegyptiaca began to disintegrate in the 13th century BCE when the balance of powers in the Mediterranean shifted and some empires (such as the Hittite) were destroyed. Romantic philhellenism, which had existed in the eighteenth century, was stimulated by the Greek War of Independence in the early nineteenth century, which was interpreted as a continental struggle between Europe on the one hand, and Asia and Africa on the other (Bernal [1987] 248). www.geocities.com /duarta/bernal.txt   (0 words)

pi The Rhind Papyrus dates from the 17th century B.C.E. and describes the value in such a way that the result obtained comes out to 256 divided by 81 or 3.160. The Chinese mathematician Liu Hui computed π to 3.141014 (incorrect in the fourth decimal digit) in 263 C.E. and suggested that 3.14 was a good approximation. The Chinese mathematician and astronomer Zu Chongzhi computed π to 3.1415926 to 3.1415927 and gave two approximations of π 355/113 and 22/7 in 5th century. www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=pi   (0 words)

Judaism - Crystalinks Beginning in the 16th century, most Jews in Europe were forced to live in walled enclosures, where they were locked in at night, And had to wear badges identifying themselves as Jews when they were outside the walls. In the case of ancient Israel (see below Biblical Judaism [20th-4th century BCE]), particularism took the shape of the doctrine of election; that is, of a people chosen by God as "a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" to set an example for all mankind. Abraham (perhaps 19th or 18th-17th centuries BCE) did not discover this God, but entered into a new covenant relation with him, in which he was promised the land of Canaan and a numerous progeny. www.crystalinks.com /judaism.html   (0 words)

EMU: China-Tibet Cultural History Tour Itinerary In the 19th century It played a central role in the Opium Wars and was the capital of the unsuccessful Taiping rebels. Although Beijing was not a major player in early Chinese history, from the 13th century to the present it has been the capital under the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties as well as the Communist regime. The Great Wall was begun in the 5th century BCE and completed by Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE Being approximately 3750 miles long. www.emich.edu /abroad/china_tibet/itin.html   (0 words)

The Nature and Origins of the 1st-Century Synagogue By Anders Runesson It is very likely that the institutions referred to as proseuchai in inscriptions dating from 3rd and 2nd century bce Egypt were, in fact, Jewish temples, and not synagogues as is commonly assumed. This is problematic since the synagogue went through significant development over the years and the features of the later synagogue, including such aspects as most parts of the liturgy and the architecture of the buildings, are not possible to trace as far back in time as we have evidence of institutions designated by synagogue terms. century, the synagogue was a well-established institution both in Palestine and in the Diaspora. www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Runesson-1st-Century_Synagogue_1.htm   (0 words)

History of astrology - AstrologyNotes It came to Greece initially as early as the middle of the 4th century BCE, and then around the late 2nd or early 1st century BCE after the Alexandrian conquests, this Babylonian astrology was mixed with the Egyptian tradition of Decanic astrology to create Horoscopic astrology. This tradition of Hellenistic astrology was passed to India sometime around the 1st century CE where it merged with the preexisting tradition of Babylonian astrology and the lunar astrology of the Nakshatras and this founded the tradition of Vedic astrology in India. In Europe, public interest in astrology began to recede around the late 17th century and it was not fully revived again in the West until the late 19th and early 20th century. astrologynotes.org /History   (0 words)

The Megiddo Expedition Area H is designed as the main sectional trench on the northern sector of the mound, immediately to the west of Area AA of the University of Chicago excavations. The assemblage does not include even a single bichrome Philistine vessel and must therefore date later than the bichrome phase in the sequence of Philistine pottery chronology.Fifteen samples of charred beams from Level K-4, which were extracted in the 1998 season, were sent to the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, for radiocarbon dating. Area M was explored in two different sectors [see picture at right]: a lower one, inside the trench dug by Gottlieb Schumacher in the early 20th century, and an upper one, to the east of the trench. www.tau.ac.il /humanities/archaeology/megiddo/excavations3.html   (0 words)

Pate de Verre Pate de verre, the name bestowed by the French in the late 19th century and by which we know the technique today, is one of the oldest known forms of glass working. These arts went into decline only to be revived in the 9th century BCE by Egyptian and Assyrian glass artists. In the 4th and 5th centuries, the Persians produced exquisite glass vessels made by the same lost wax method that was used for their gold and silver work. www.emstudioglass.com /history.htm   (0 words)

Lesson Plan no. 64 | Chinese Inventions | AskAsia.org About the fourth century BCE the Chinese devised a harness with a breast strap known as the trace harness, modified approximately one hundred later into the collar harness. Unlike the throat-and-girth harness used in the West, which choked a horse and reduced its efficiency (it took two horses to haul a half a ton), the collar harness allowed a single horse to haul a ton and a half. By the fourth century a common toy in China was the helicopter top, called the 'bamboo dragonfly.' The top was an axis with a cord wound round it, and with blades sticking out from the axis and set at an angle. www.askasia.org /teachers/lessons/plan.php?no=64&era=04&grade=00&geo=00   (1604 words)

The Ultimate Cyclades - American History Information Guide and Reference The climate is generally dry and mild, but with the exception of Naxos the soil is not very fertile: agricultural produce includes wine, fruit, wheat, olive oil, and tobacco. A distinctive Neolithic culture almalgating Anatolian and mainland Greek elements arose in the western Aegean before 4000 BCE, based on emmer wheat and wild-type barley, sheep and goats, pigs, and tuna that were apparently speared from small boats (Rutter). Early Cycladic culture evolved in three phases, between ca 3300 - 2000 BCE, when it was increasingly swamped in the rising influence of Minoan Crete. www.historymania.com /american_history/Cyclades   (354 words)

11. Intro Sumerian Kinglist   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Of the Greeks, Herodotus of Halicarnassus (5th century BCE, a contemporary of Xerxes I and Artaxerxes I) was the first to report on "Babylon and the rest of Assyria"; at that date the Assyrian empire had been overthrown for more than 100 years. In the late 19th century, a series of excavations was undertaken at Lagash by French archaeologists working under the direction of the Louvre Museum and at Nippur by Americans under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. Around 2500 BCE: King Lugalanemundu of Adab extends Sumer to cover the area from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, bordering the Taurus mountains in the north, and the Zagros mountains in the east. www.earth-history.com /Earth-11.htm   (9912 words)

timeline.html BCE and CE are more "politically correct" expressions, which Upshur, Brummett and many other textbooks now use. Centuries in AD always start with a number ending with a 1, and end with a round number. Centuries in BC always start with a whole number, and end with a number ending in 1. www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/timeline.html   (397 words)

Ancient 3500BCE to 587 BCE, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon The earliest texts, in cuneiform, date to the eighteenth century B.C.E. This epic constitutes perhaps the first literary example of a human being grappling with the problem of death. Ramses II is traditionally regarded as the pharaoh of the biblical account of Moses and the Hebrews in Egypt, although this is disputed. During the eleventh century B.C.E., the camel was introduced into Palestine and Syria by the invading Midianites, as mentioned in Judges 6:5. www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/period_3500bce_to_587_bce.htm   (2623 words)

The Megiddo Expedition   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The archaeology of the tenth-ninth centuries BCE was born at Megiddo and has remained focused on that site ever since the 1920s. This means that the two buildings—the Megiddo palace conventionally dated to the tenth century and the Samaria palace built in the ninth century BCE—were constructed at the same time, possibly by the same team of masons. And strata dated to the 10th century BCE and associated with the United Monarchy of King Solomon, such as Megiddo VA-IVB and Hazor X, should be down dated to the first half of the ninth century BCE and associated with the Omride Dynasty of the Northern Kingdom. megiddo.tau.ac.il /chronology_intro.html   (1330 words)

Welcome To The 20th Century   (Site not responding. Last check: ) By now WYJ readers are probably tired of all the correctionist rhetoric about whether the year 2000 is the last year of the 20th century or the first year of the 21st century. Since the idea of using the scientific system with zero is to integrate current knowledge (which is now centuries old) into our thinking, the years 0 to 99 would be the 0th century, 100 through 199 the first century, and so on to 1900 through 1999 being the 19th century. If one prefers the traditional Christian calendar, 2000 is the last year of the 20th century and 2001 is the first year of the 21st century. weedin.com /yellowjournal/20th.htm   (454 words)

Tamil language - information, news about Tamil & Tamilnadu Tamil tradition dates the oldest works to several millennia ago, but the earliest examples of Tamil writing we have today are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE, which are written in an adapted form of the Brahmi script (Mahadevan, 2003). Internal linguistic evidence, however, indicates that the oldest extant works were probably composed sometime between the 2nd century BCE and the 3rd century CE. During the medieval period, a number of Sanskrit loan words were absorbed by Tamil, which many 20th century purists, notably Parithimaar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal, later sought to remove. www.nilacharal.com /tamil.html   (0 words)

Akharin - Star Trek Expanded Universe Database - a Wikia wiki   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Over the centuries, he gathered a large collection of original artworks from his many lives -- some of them his own creation. Akharin was born in 3834 BCE in Mesopotamia, on Earth. Akharin eventually became a chieftain among his people, but after leading them for nearly a hundred years, he realized that they were beginning to worship him as a god, so he faked his own death, and disappeared, wandering in search of Saladin and the artifact. stexpanded.wikia.com /wiki/Akharin   (1678 words)

Hindu History - References in Vedic Literature to the Evolution of landed Property   (Site not responding. Last check: ) In our century the rate of urbanisation is quite rapid as is witnessed in the thousands of people that pour into our major metropolises in search of livelihood, for better employment prospects, better living conditions, etc. But in spite of this urbanisation and industrialisation, India is still overwhelmingly an agricultural country. Right from Ajatashatru who ruled Magadha in the 6th Century B.C.E. during Buddha's time up to the Nandas of the 4th century B.C.E. we hear of a running struggle between the tribal oligarchies of the Himalayan foothills comprising the Mallas, Lichavis, Koliyas and some other tribes with the monarchical states of Koshala and Magadha. In around the 4th century B.C.E., the throne of Magadha was usurped by an ambitious general named Mahapadma Nanda. hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/landvedic.html   (3741 words)

History of Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - History of Buddhism - Life of the Buddha Main article: Gautama Buddha According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal. BCE, History of Buddhism - 2nd Buddhist council 383 BCE, History of Buddhism - 3rd Buddhist council c.250 BCE, History of Buddhism - Ashokan proselytism c. According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal. www.globaloneness.com /a/History_of_Buddhism_-_Life_of_the_Buddha/id/1292503   (648 words)

Megiddo - The Solomonic Chariot City Towards the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, a new Canaanite temple was built on the ruins of its predecessors; it had especially thick walls and included a small cultic chamber with two towers protecting its façade. This is attested to by a seal, found in excavations at the beginning of the 20th century, bearing the inscription "to Shema, servant of Jeroboam." During the rebellion of Jehu, Ahaziah, king of Judah, fled to Megiddo and died there of his wounds. At the end of the 7th century, apparently during the reign of Josiah, king of Judah, a rectangular fortress was constructed on top of the eastern side of the tel, but it remained in use only until Josiah's fall in 609 BCE, when it was destroyed. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Megiddo.html   (0 words)

Background Info | Afghanistan Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide It was in Afghanistan that the ancient religion of Zoroastrianism began in the 6th century BCE. The eastward sweep of Islam reached Afghanistan in the 7th century AD, and today the vast majority of Afghans are Muslim. The 19th century was a period of often comic-book confrontation with the British, who were afraid of the effects of unruly neighbours on their great Indian colony. www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/asia/afghanistan/essential?a=culture   (0 words)

The Jehoash inscription: Relic or forgery? If it had been authenticated as dating to the 9th century BCE, it would have been a unique piece of physical evidence which confirmed the accuracy of portions of 2 Kings in the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament). Most biblical scholars believe that the 1 Kings was not written at the time of King Jehoash in the 9th century BCE, but was composed centuries later. Avi Hurvitz, an expert on the historical development of the Hebrew language, said that a 20th century individual "...may have seen the Mesha Stele, forged the inscription according to the style of the Mesha stone, and even made sure to suit its contents to what is written in the Tanakh [The Hebrew Scriptures]. www.religioustolerance.org /chr_joash.htm   (0 words)

Confucius (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Confucius (551-479 BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. century BCE were included by the Han dynasty court historian, Sima Qian (145-c.85 BCE), in his well-known and often-quoted Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji). century, Mencius says of Confucius: “Ever since man came into this world, there has never been one greater than Confucius.” And in two passages Mencius implies that Confucius was one of the great sage kings who, according to his reckoning, arises every five hundred years. plato.stanford.edu /entries/confucius   (3624 words)

Europe Continents Facts | 4 Corners Club The 1st millennium BCE saw the expansion of the Celtic peoples throughout Europe, reaching as far north as Britain by 450 BCE to be followed by incursions by pre-Christian Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, during the first millennium CE. The Buddhist Society of England was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, and the west has become increasingly interested in Eastern religions throughout the present century. The mid 20th century saw the spread of Sikhism outside its Punjab homeland, especially after the second world war when many Sikh men made their way to Britain, being joined by their wives and families in the late 1960s, the Sikh Missionary Society being founded in Britain in 1969. www.4cornersclub.com /adventure_trips/europe/continent_facts   (0 words)

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