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Topic: 20th century brass instrumentalists

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	ORCHESTRA,
		By the late 19th century three of each instrument was common, with the third player sometimes switching to a related instrument (for example, English horn, piccolo, double bassoon, bass clarinet).
		By the early 18th century the combination of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses had become standard for the strings; and a pair of oboes or flutes or both and a bassoon were usually added.
		Trombones, used for centuries in church music and municipal bands, entered the opera orchestra in the late 18th century and the symphony orchestra in the early 19th century.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=218235 (1206 words)

	Brass instrument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone (the trumpet, horn, euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flugelhorn, baritone horn, sousaphone, mellophone, and the old saxhorn).
		An alternate to the piston valve is the rotary valve.
		Brass instruments, on the other hand, are highly directional, with most of the sound produced traveling straight outward from the bell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brass_instrument (1199 words)

	Encyclopedia: 20th century brass instrumentalists
		A brass instrument is a musical instrument that uses a cupped mouthpiece shaped in a way that allows the player's lips to vibrate to generate the instrument's sound.
		Brass which is an alloy of copper and zinc, was not known till the thirteenth century.
		Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/20th-century-brass-instrumentalists (1317 words)

	Encyclopedia: Brass instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		A brass instrument is a musical instrument (Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sounds) whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular resonator.
		Most brass instruments are fitted with a removable mouthpiece (The tube of a pipe or cigarette holder that a smoker holds in the mouth).
		The saxhorn is a valved brass instrument with a characteristic tapered bore and deep cup-shaped mouthpiece.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Brass-instruments (880 words)

	Brass instrument
		Brass instruments are usually, but not invariably, made of brass.
		Similarly, in musical terms, not all instruments constructed from brass belong in the category of "brass instruments"; a notable example is the saxophone, which, although usually made of brass, is a woodwind instrument.
		Valved brass instruments use a set of valves (typically 3 or 4 but as many as 7 or more in some cases) operated by the player's fingers that introduce a additional lengths of tubing into the instrument, changing its overall length.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/Brass_instrument.html (362 words)

	WICKER BOX MUSIC DICTIONARY: B
		They were especially popular in the 19th century and early 20th century when they served as pre-phonograph jukeboxes.
		The standard repertoire is Tin Pan Alley songs of the early 20th* century.
		Brass bands were especially popular during the Civil War in America and yielded to the full-complement concert band as the 20th century progressed.
	www.geocities.com /~chalumeaux/WBox.dictB.html (1967 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		American literature -> The Turn of the Century Trends in American Fiction The connection of American literature with writing in England and Europe was again stressed by William Dean Howells, who was not only an able novelist but an instructor in literary realism to other American writers.
		Arabs -> The Arabs in the Twentieth Century In the 20th cent., Arab leaders have attempted to form an Arab nation, which would unite the whole Arabic-speaking world from Morocco on the west, across the Middle East, to the borders of Iran and Turkey.
		brass wind instrument brass wind instrument: see wind instrument.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=20th+century+brass+instrumentalists (453 words)

	Texture / Timbre
		As the woodwind and brass instruments underwent significant mechanical improvements, the orchestra accepted an increasing number of instruments in its standard complement.
		Although Arutiunian still employed the new large orchestra and was able to use the wind and brass to that effect, the textures are subtly drawn, usually with the help of only a few instruments.
		Musical lines are characterised by colour qualities as well as the density of instrumentation and new effects and nuances were achieved by muted brass and by divided muted strings that separate their sound even more from the different timbres of the orchestra.
	abel.hive.no /trompet/haydn/texture.html (732 words)

	Info and facts on 'Natural horn' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The musical instrument natural horn is the ancestor of the modern-day french horn (A brass musical instrument consisting of a conical tube that is coiled into a spiral and played by means of valves) differentiated by its lack of valves.
		Changing the length of the instrument by switching the crook (A long staff with one end being hook shaped).
		This instrument was used extensively until the emergence of the valved horn in the early 19th century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Na/Natural_horn.htm (147 words)

	Baroque Music - Part One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		It was not until well into the eighteenth century that some musicians, like their twentieth century counterparts, began to work without patronage as independent professionals, earning a living from teaching, composing and performing.
		Valves, a nineteenth century invention which increased the number of pitches easily available to the player, caused a revolution in the music that could be performed by trumpets and horns.
		The lute, like the harpsichord, was used as a solo and accompanying instrument and enjoyed four centuries of favor, from the later Middle Ages until the end of the 17th century.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M345/Baroque_Music1.html (3480 words)

	Wikinfo \| Trumpet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The bore of the trumpet is said to be mostly cylindrical before the flare for the bell begins.
		It is made of brass bent into a rough spiral, with valves to assist in changing the pitch, or frequency.
		Sound is produced by vibrating the lips, which vibrates the column of air in the trumpet.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Trumpet (701 words)

	German music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		In the 19th century, Germany, together with Austria (whose musical activity has been closely allied with that of Germany), was the pre-eminent power-house of classical music, and has retained something of that position in the 20th.
		At the turn of the century the pre-eminent German composer was undoubtably Richard Strauss (1864-1949), who in his tone poems built on the example of Wagner in the use of huge orchestral colours and effects, and in the restless extremes of chromatic writing.
		After the turn of the century his output concentrated on opera, where similar means were turned to subjects more psychologically complex and anguished than those of the more consciously nationalist and mythological Wagner operas, and then to almost Mozartian stories filtered through the huge late-Romantic palette.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /mmorris/402/Germany.htm (2113 words)

	Edgard Varese and the New Music of America \| Rudhyar Archival Project \| Musical Works and Writings
		During the mid-20th Century, however, Varese was able to achieve a small degree of success with his electronic compositions, and his legacy had a significant influence on younger composers, especially Frank Zappa.
		The Eighteenth century was the century of the intellect.
		The Nineteenth century was the century of the emotions.
	www.khaldea.com /rudhyar/vareseamerica.html (1661 words)

	Trumpet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The trumpet is made of brass tubing bent into a rough spiral.
		Although the bore of the trumpet is said to be mostly cylindrical, it is formed from a complex series of tapers, the smallest being at the mouthpiece receiver, and the largest being at the throat of the bell, before the flare for the bell begins.
		See 20th century brass instrumentalists for a more comprehensive list.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trumpets (2277 words)

	Evening at Pops 2004: Listen Up!: Face the Music
		What is certain is that instrumentalists in groups accompanied theatrical performances, mainly operas, as early as 1600.
		Works called sinfonia were written for instrumentalists alone, and these pieces ultimately led to the great symphonic music of the late 18th and 19th centuries.
		The technical demands on the instrumentalists and the conductor (who had become a nearly absolute necessity) were much greater than ever before.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pops/listenup/face.html (664 words)

	Trumpet - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The bore of the trumpet is said to be mostly cylindrical before the flare for the bell begins.
		It is made of brass bent into a rough spiral, with valves to assist in changing the pitch, or frequency.
		Sound is produced by vibrating the lips, which vibrates the column of air in the trumpet.
	www.glasglow.com /e2/tr/Trumpet.html (608 words)

	Hot Brass: March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Scottish brass players are in for a treat next month when the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, headed by trumpet legend John Wallace, present a brass day at their base in Glasgow.
		Brass Spectacular is back for an all day feast of brass, featuring a galaxy of local, national and international stars filling the concert halls and foyers of the RSAMD from noon to midnight.
		Eikanger-Bjørsvik Musikklag is a Norwegian brass band which is not only up there with the best in terms of quality, but are far and away the most adventurous brass band on the planet.
	hotbrass.blogspot.com /2005_03_01_hotbrass_archive.html (4123 words)

	Classical Music Navigator: Glossary
		Italian for 'new art'; an early 14th century term for the new techniques in composition, rhythm, and notation particularly as seen in the writings and music of Philippe de Vitry.
		Orchestral form especially popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in which the contrasting lines of a smaller and a larger group of instruments are featured.
		In music, a style associated with the first quarter of the 20th century that was introspective (delving into the psychological realm) but also: (1) consciously rejected representational forms, and (2) exploited dissonance, in the form of atonality.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/music/glossnew.htm (3386 words)

	Brass Band Reference - Golden Age of Brass
		At the dawn of the 19th century, the keyed bugle was invented in Dublin, Ireland.
		This new chromatic brass instrument was an improvement on the common field bugle and soon became known as the "Kent Horn" because its inventor, Joseph Halliday, dedicated his creation to his military commander, the Duke of Kent.
		The late 19th century and the early 20th century constituted the Golden Age for bands, brass instrument manufacturing, and brass soloists.
	www.harrogate.co.uk /harrogate-band/misc10.htm (2125 words)

	Ripon College : Clubs & Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Instrumentalists also perform regularly with the Collegium; these include early instruments such as recorders, harpsichord and psaltery as well as modern "folk" instruments (guitar, pennywhistle, fiddle, bodhran and accordion).
		The Ripon College Symphonic Wind ensemble is made up of brass, winds and percussion.
		Literature ranges from band classics from throughout the 20th century to transcriptions of music from other media, marches and lighter fare.
	www.ripon.edu /studentlife/clubs_orgs/music/index.html (384 words)

	Trumpet - MarchingWiki
		The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the horn, trombone, euphonium, and tuba.
		The trumpet is made of brass tubing bent into a rough spiral.
		The bore is, roughly speaking, cylindrical, but more precisely a complex series of tapers, smaller at the mouthpiece receiver and larger just before the flare of the bell begins.
	www.marchingwiki.com /wiki/index.php?title=Trumpet (2575 words)

	artikkel_USA
		The Stavanger Brass Band's home base is in the town of Stavanger; on the South West coast of Norway, with just over a 100,000 citizens, Stavanger is called the oil capital of Norway with headquarters for the North Sea oil activities for super major American companies like ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Halliburton, Schlumberger and Baker among others.
		Amidst the band members are some of the finest instrumentalists in Norway and supported by a very extrovert band concerts of a very high artistic- and musical level evolves.
		Stavanger Brass Band is a true master of musical versatility and during the tour in the US the band will present a wide variety of music from in the fusion between the brass band tradition, Norwegian folk music, contemporary music, jazz and popular easy listening music.
	www.stavanger-brassband.no /artikler/artikkel_USA_turne.htm (447 words)

	The Classical Trumpet Information Page on Classic Cat
		Although the bore is roughly cylindrical, it is more precisely a complex series of tapers, smaller at the mouthpiece receiver and larger just before the flare of the bell begins.
		The trumpet was slow to adopt the modern valves (invented around the mid 1830s), and its cousin, the cornet would take the spotlight as solo instrument for the next hundred years.
		Crooks and shanks (removable tubing of various lengths) as opposed to keys or valves, were standard, into the first part of the 20th century.
	www.classiccat.net /iv/trumpet.info.htm (2244 words)

	PMC ESSAYS: Wilk - Women Composers in Poland (2)
		In the 17th and 18th centuries Italian and German artists and musicians were brought in by wealthy families to work side by side with Polish musicians, mainly in court orchestras financed and maintained by the aristocracy.
		The music scores preserved in seven books dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, found in the Benedictine monastery in Staniatki, indicate that one of the songs, for three female voices with continuo, was written by Anna Kiernicka in 1754.
		Later, in the 17th and 18th century, when music became a fashionable diversion for the aristocracy and lesser nobility, women’s musical accomplishments were confined to the private sphere of their lives and withheld from publishing or public performance.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/essays/womenww.html (5237 words)

	20th century brass instrumentalists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A big 'Thank you!' to everyone who donated in this fund drive!
		See also: Brass instrument, List of Horn Players
		This page was last modified 18:16, 6 January 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/20th_century_brass_instrumentalists (87 words)

	Gangbe Brass Band
		It rose to prominence in the 17th century as the Kingdom of Abomey and came under French domination in the late 19th century.
		In the early 20th century, it became incorporated into French West Africa and gained independence in 1960 under the name Dahomey.
		The Gangbé Brass Band was formed in 1994 when eight musicians, all from Cotonou, Benin, came together to promote their country’s music.
	www.carnegiehall.org /textSite/box_office/events/evt_6237.html (1533 words)

	Music Bands info at Meda Positive Radio
		Rock bands evolved from Rock ânâ Roll, which originated in the mid 20th century and generally featured a vocalist supported by complementary musicians playing electric guitars, bass guitars, and drums.
		These music bands came into being in the U.S. in the early 20th century during the âSwing Era,â named for the type of dance (swing) that became popular at that time.
		There are many other kinds of music bands made up of ethnic groups, jazz artists, symphonic instrumentalists, vocalists, school groups, old-timers, folk singers, and more, that perform for weddings, benefits, local dances, and that entertain and indulge interests of all kinds.
	www.mediapositiveradio.com /general/dir/music_bands (528 words)

	Jewish Role in Iraqi Music
		In 1932, for example, all the instrumentalists who attended the first Arabic music congress in Cairo were Jews, while the singer, Mohammed Al-Qebbantchi was Moslem.
		In 1936, an institute was started for the teaching of instruments, singing and acting, but most of its instrumental classes were for brass and other western instruments, such as piano and violin.
		During the end of the nineteenth century and until about the beginning of the 1950's the chalghi instrumentalists were exclusively Jewish.
	www.dangoor.com /72page42.html (1503 words)

	Messiah College Ensembles
		Brass Choir Consists of approximately 20 brass players including trumpets, horns, trombones, euphonium and tuba.
		Brass Choir performs three concerts per year in addition to several other performances on and off campus.
		Brass Quintet Select brass group that performs for on-campus and off-campus events including church services, meetings, and dinners.
	www.messiah.edu /acdept/depthome/music/Pages/Ensembles.htm (799 words)

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