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	Origin of the 21-Gun Salute
		The use of gun salutes for military occasions is traced to early warriors who demonstrated their peaceful intentions by placing their weapons in a position that rendered them ineffective.
		In 1842, the Presidential salute was formally established at 21 guns.
		Today the national salute of 21 guns is fired in honor of a national flag, the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and the President, ex-President and President-elect of the United States.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/faq/salute.htm (574 words)

	21-gun salute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cannon salute might have originated in the 17th century with the maritime practice of demanding that a defeated enemy expend its ammunition and render itself helpless until reloaded — a time-consuming operation in that era.
		Today, a 21-gun salute on arrival and departure, with four ruffles and flourishes, is rendered to the President of the United States, to an ex-President, and to a President-elect.
		A 21-gun salute on arrival and departure with 4 ruffles and flourishes also is rendered to the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign country, or a member of a reigning royal family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/21-gun_salutes (710 words)

	HD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gun salutes continue to be fired in odd numbers, of course, and this is likely because of ancient superstitions that uneven numbers are lucky.
		Indeed, the firing of an even number of salute guns at the coronation of George VI in 1937 was regarded by at least one observer as an "ominous" portent.
		A 21-gun salute on arrival and departure with 4 ruffles and flourishes also is rendered to the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign country, or a member of a reigning royal family.
	hqinet001.hqmc.usmc.mil /HD/Historical/Customes_Traditions/21_Gun_Salute.htm (515 words)

	Salute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the Nazi party of Germany adopted the Roman salute from the Italian fascists, President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt instituted the hand over the heart as the salute to be rendered by civilians during the Pledge of Allegiance and the national anthem in the United States.
		Kosovo's KLA uses a salute similar to the British military-salute, except that the fingers are clenched into a fist and the knuckles pressed against the temple, a gesture originating with the communist movement.
		Gun salute by aircraft, primarily displayed during funerals, began with simple fly-overs during World War I and have evolved into the missing man formation, where either a formation of aircraft is conspicuously missing an element, or where a single plane abruptly leaves a formation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salute (3395 words)

	21-gun salute -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A 21-gun salute is called a Royal Salute in the British Commonwealth, unless rendered to the president or (Emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design) flag of a republic; even then it is colloquially called "royal".
		Today, a 21-gun salute on arrival and departure, with four ruffles and flourishes, is rendered to the (The person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government) President of the United States, to an ex-President, and to a President-elect.
		A 21-gun salute on arrival and departure with 4 ruffles and flourishes also is rendered to the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign country, or a member of a reigning (Royal persons collectively) royal family.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/2/21/21-gun_salute.htm (868 words)

	Gun
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	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/gun.html (2419 words)

	Origins of the 21 Gun Salute
		This ordered 21 chambers to be fired for royal salutes from Saint James Park and 21 guns and 41 chambers from the Tower of London (a chamber was a small piece of ordnance, without a carriage, used for firing salutes).
		It appears that the royal salutes for the accession to the throne by George IV, William IV, and Victoria were 41 guns, "fired at all stations at hime and abroad".
		The 41 gun salute still remains in force today as the royal salute fired from London's Hyde Park and the 21 guns and 41 chambers of the Tower salutes have resulted in the unique 62 gun salute, which is the current royal salute fired from the Tower of London.
	www.lighthorse.org.au /military/21gunsalute.htm (527 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Military (21 Gun Salute) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Today, the national salute of 21 guns is fired in honor of a national flag, the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and the President,
		guns (i.e., guns discharged at one-minute intervals) is fired at noon while the flag is flown at half staff.
		The "21-gun salute" is, as the name states, a salute (i.e., an expression of welcome, goodwill, or respect), and in that context the word "gun" refers to naval guns or artillery pieces (typically cannon), not firearms.
	www.snopes.com /military/21gun.htm (478 words)

	21 Gun Salute & Our Flag
		Fifty guns are also fired on all military installations equipped to do so at the close of the day of the funeral of a President, ex-President, or President-elect.
		Today the national salute of 21 guns is fired in honor of a national flag, the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and the President, ex-President and President-elect of the United States.
		Gun salutes are also rendered to other military and civilian leaders of this and other nations.
	www.lilesnet.com /patriotic/OldGlory/21_gun_salute__our_flag.htm (1176 words)

	Welcome to Affordable Web Solution
		Early naval gun salutes consisted of seven shots because that was the standard number of weapons on ships and because of mystical properties associated with the number seven.
		In 1818, when there were 21 states in the Union, the Navy prescribed that a President of the United States should be saluted with 21 guns when visiting a navy ship.
		Today, the 21-gun salute is fired in the U.S. in honor of a national flag, the head of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, the President, the ex-president, or the President-elect of the United States.
	www.twentyonegunsalute.com (945 words)

	Twenty-One Gun Salute
		By 1730, the Royal Navy was prescribing 21 guns for certain anniversary dates, although this was not mandatory as a salute to the Royal family until later in the eighteenth century.
		A twenty-one gun salute for the President and heads of state, Washington's Birthday, and the Fourth of July became the standard in the United States Navy with the issuance of new regulations on 24 May 1842.
		Today, the national salute of 21 guns is fired in honor of a national flag, the soverign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and the President, ex-President, and President-elect of the United States.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq40-1.htm (892 words)

	"21 Gun Salutes"
		The practice of firing gun salutes was well established by the sixteenth century, although gun salutes had existed for centuries.
		The United States fired a "National Salute," on special occassions and during times of mourning, of one gun for each state in the union until 1841, when the salute was standardized to 21 guns.
		Other gun salutes vary from five guns (the lowest) to 21 guns (the highest) by increments of two, and are prescribed in accordance with occasion and level of importance of those honored.
	www.classbrain.com /artfree/publish/article_196.shtml (504 words)

	The Straight Dope Mailbag: What's the origin of the 21-gun salute?
		The origin of gun salutes is usually attributed to soldiers or other armed types demonstrated peaceful intentions by placing their weapons (even back to the days of swords and spears) in a position that rendered them ineffective.
		Despite the common cliche, 21 guns are only used to salute a national flag, the sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and anyone who's ever been elected President of the US.
		Seventeen guns are fired for a four-star general, 15 for a three-star, 13 for a two-star, 11 for a one-star.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/m21gun.html (576 words)

	[Nfbmo] 21 gun salute, and all.
		The rendering of gun salutes in odd numbers may be traced to the superstition that odd numbers were considered lucky.
		Salutes with an even number of guns came to signify that the captain or ship master had died on the voyage.
		For a time thereafter, it became customary to offer a salute of one gun for each state in the Union, although in practice there was a great deal of variation in the number of guns actually used in a salute.
	www.nfbnet.org /pipermail/nfbmo/2004-June/000421.html (1477 words)

	Leatherneck Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gun salutes are fired by naval guns and/or by saluting batteries with artillery pieces.
		The only individuals entitled to this salute are Presidents or former Presidents of the United States, heads of foreign states and members of a reigning royal family.
		Some other personal gun salutes rated are 19 guns for the Vice President and the same for the Secretary of the Navy.
	www.mca-marines.org /Leatherneck/21gunarch.htm (414 words)

	Gerald Ford
		The tradition of saluting can be traced to the Middle Ages practice of placing oneself in an unarmed position and, therefore, in the power of those being honored.
		The cannon salute might have originated in the 17th century with the maritime practice of demanding that a defeated enemy expend its ammunition and render itself helpless until reloaded — a time-consuming operation in that era.
		In the Anglo-Saxon Empire, seven guns was a recognized naval salute, seven being the standard number of weapons on a vessel.
	www.mdw.army.mil /content/anmviewer.asp?a=1778&z=103 (188 words)

	[No title]
		At that time guns could not be loaded quickly so the act of firing one in a salute indicated that the saluter had disarmed himself in deference to the person being saluted.
		Since 21 guns was the number found on one side of one of the larger 'ships of the line,' firing all of them became the highest mark of respect, reserved for the heads of state.
		Referred to as the royal salute, the 21-gun salute is fired for chiefs of state, heads of government, members of a reigning royal family and others of comparable rank.
	www.regiments.org /wombats/classics/21gun.txt (1640 words)

	Marine Corps News> 21-gun salute honors fallen
		As time went on, gun salutes continued to be fired in odd numbers, due to the fact that ancient superstitions held that uneven numbers were lucky.
		Today, the 21-gun salute is rendered to the president of the United States, all former U.S. presidents, the president elect, any sovereign or chief of state of a foreign nation, a member of a reigning royal family, and in honor of the American flag during celebrations on the Fourth of July.
		This gun salute is also rendered at noon of the day of the funeral of a president, former president or president elect.
	www.marines.mil /marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/0/C9468B5AC374E8D9852570B600791B49?opendocument (377 words)

	Cannon or Gun Salute
		Like the handshake, the gun salute is said to have begun as a sign that the saluter is unarmed and means no harm.
		officers abroad may salute any dignitary in his or her own country with the number of guns with which that country salutes that person, up to a 19-gun salute–but not a 21-gun salute, unless the person falls into one of the above categories.
		The 1-gun-per state salute was officially adopted in 1810, but it become increasingly cumbersome as more states joined the Union, and in 1841 the national salute was reduced to 21 guns.) During the period of British rule in India, the King-Emperor received a salute of 101 guns.
	www.sizes.com /society/salute.htm (584 words)

	21-gun salute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 2 1 -gun salute became the highest honor a nation rendered.
		In 1810, the "national salute" was defined by the War Department as equal to the number of states in the Union at that time 17.
		In 1890, regulations designated the finational salute" as 21 guns and redesignated the traditional Independence Day salute, the "Salute to the Union," equal to the number of states.
	www.california-cooties.org /21gun_salute.htm (575 words)

	21 Gun International Salute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In time, when the quality of gunpowder improved by the use of potassium nitrate, the sea salute was made equal to the shore salute; 21 guns as the highest national honor.
		This practice was partly a result of usage, for John Paul Jones saluted France with 13 guns at Quiberon Bay in 1778 when the Stars and Stripes received its first salute.
		Unless rendered to a president or the flag of a republic, 21 guns is called a Royal Salute in the British Isles, and even then it is called (colloquially) "royal" in the British Commonwealth.
	www.protocoltraining.com /helpfiles/21gunintlsalute.htm (454 words)

	21 Gun salute? - Tranceaddict Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		the US navy first made a regulation in the early 1800's for rendering gun salutes which required that when the president visits a ship of the US navy, he is saluted with 21 guns...
		21 was the number of states in the union at that time.
		We can give Saddam a 50 gun salute and a couple grenades to boot when we execute him.
	www.tranceaddict.com /forums/showthread/t-187171.html (362 words)

	Hilltop Times - Military funeral customs reflect history, tradition
		The two warring sides would cease hostilities to clear their dead from the battlefield, and the firing of three volleys meant that the dead had been properly cared for and the side was ready to resume the battle.
		The nation reduced its salute to 21 guns in 1841, and formally adopted the 21-gun salute at the suggestion of the British in 1875.
		A president, ex-president or foreign head of state is saluted with 21 guns.
	www.hilltoptimes.com /story.asp?edition=158&storyid=4462 (1054 words)

	21 gun salutes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Reference Stanley Carpenter's query on 21 gun salutes and Kristie Lindenmeyer's mention of the teenage rider warning the community that the British were coming.
		My understanding is that the gun salute was designed originally for the same reason the hand salute was created - to show a possible foe that you were unarmed and not about to attack.
		The same display of vulnerability is shown by the salute with a rifle (held in front of the body, vertically), the sword (point lowered almost to the ground), and even the flag (dipped so the troops can't easily see it).
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~minerva/archives/threads/21gun.html (381 words)

	Flex: 21-Gun Salute: whatever your goal, you'll find the route to greater arm size among these 21 routines - Training - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Our 21-Gun Salute begins with the premise that whoever picks up a dumbbell -- from the greenest novice to the elite contest winner -- wants to remodel their arms.
		Many 21-Gun Salute routines begin with triceps pushdowns, as this is an excellent initial exercise for warming up your tris and elbow joints.
		The 21-Gun Salute routines attack your arms from a variety of angles, thus growing all aspects of your bis, tris and forearms to their maximum.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_3_21/ai_100068807 (1035 words)

	Arlington National Cemetery:: Ceremonies
		All personal salutes may be traced to the prevailing use in earlier days: to ensure that the saluter placed himself in an unarmed position, and virtually in the power of the saluted.
		In time, when the quality of gunpowder improved by the use of potassium nitrate, the sea salute was made equal to the shore salute; 21 guns as the highest national honor.
		Unless rendered to a president or the flag of a republic, 21 guns is called a Royal Salute in the British Isles, and even then it is called (colloquially) "royal" in the British Commonwealth.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.org /ceremonies/21gunintlsolute.html (728 words)

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