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	MSN Encarta - Sumer
		2525-2500 bc), was extended from the Zagros to the Taurus mountains and from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
		2370-2347 bc), the governor of the neighbouring city-state of Umma.
		Before the early 2nd millennium bc the Amorites, Semitic nomads from the desert to the west of Sumer and Akkad, invaded the kingdom.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576369/Sumer.html (1363 words)

	Buy 23rd century BC Books online - selected, recommended and reviewed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		2334 - 2279 BC -- Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia
		2217 - 2193 BC -- Nomadic invasions of Akkad
		2205 BC - Foundation of the Xia Dynasty of China by Xia Yu.
	www.buybookonline.net /2/23/23rd_century_bc.html (113 words)

	24th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2900–2334 BC -- Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period.
		2334–2279 BC -- Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
		October 3, 2333 BC -- Foundation of Korea (Gojoseon) according to the 15th century history book Dongguk Tonggam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2400_BC (202 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Sumer
		The first Sumerian ruler of historical record, Etana, king of Kish (flourished about 2800 bc), was described in a document written centuries later as the “man who stabilized all the lands.” Shortly after his reign ended, a king named Meskiaggasher founded a rival dynasty at Erech (Uruk), far to the south of Kish.
		Sometime before the 25th century bc the Sumerian Empire, under the leadership of Lugalanemundu of Adab (flourished about 2525-2500 bc), was extended from the Zagros to the Taurus mountains and from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
		Before the beginning of the 2nd millennium bc the Amorites, Semitic nomads from the desert to the west of Sumer and Akkad, invaded the kingdom.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761576369___2/Sumer.html (1068 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Mesopotamia
		The oldest settlement in the area is believed to be Eridu, but the best example is Erech (Uruk) in the south, where mud-brick temples were decorated with fine metalwork and stonework, and growing administrative needs stimulated the invention of a form of writing, cuneiform.
		A raid launched in around 1595 bc by the Hittites from Turkey brought Babylon down, and for four centuries it was controlled by non-Semitic Kassites.
		The Aramaic language, widely spoken earlier, became the common language, and the imperial government brought stability; it was oppressive, however, and Mesopotamia's prosperity declined.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559228__1/Mesopotamia.html (1196 words)

	23rd century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2334 - 2279 BC (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
		2285 BC - Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born.
		2217 - 2193 BC - Nomadic invasions of Akkad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/23rd_century_BC (161 words)

	Science, civilization and society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Civilization in Mesopotamia.; approximately 3200 BC - approximately 2120 BC The land of Akkad was the northwestern neighbour of Sumer, the first major civilization of Mesopotamia and the cradle of script.
		In 2334 BC king Sargon of Akkad conquered all of Sumer.
		In 2125 BC the Sumerian city of Ur rose in revolt against the Akkadian regime, Sargon's dynasty came to an end, and the political structure of Sumer reverted to independent city-states.
	www.incois.gov.in /Tutor/akkad.html (244 words)

	DBM to DBA Armies (Book 1 -- Armies up to 500 BC)
		Mesopotamian, Ur III (2112-2004 BC): 1 LCH* or Bw4, 2 Sp4 or 2 Pk4 or 2 Ax4, 4 Pk4 or 4 Sp4, 1 Ax3 or Ps2 (Highlanders), 1 Ax3 or Bw3 or Ps2 (Highlanders, Elamite), 3 Ps2.
		Hittites (1380-1200 BC): 3 HCH*, 2 LCH (Syrian or Anatolian), 2 Ax4, 1 Ax3 or Wb3 (anatolian vassals), 2 Hd(ax6) (Syrian spearmen), 1 Ps2 or Bw3 (Syrian archers), 1 Ps2 (anatolian archers).
		Mesopotamian, New Assyrian Kingdom (680-609 BC): 2 HCH*, 2 Cv3, 2 Sp4, 1 Ax4 or Ax3, 4 Ps2, 1 LCH or Ax4 (Kallapani chariot) or Bw4 (Elamite or Egyptian).
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dbmdbabk1.html (2274 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		about 2800 bc), was described in a document written centuries later as the “man who stabilized all the lands.” Shortly after his reign ended, a king named Meskiaggasher founded a rival dynasty at Uruk (biblical Erech), far to the south of Kish.
		By the 23d century bc the power of the Sumerians had declined to such an extent that they could no longer defend themselves against foreign invasion.
		Before the beginning of the 2d millennium bc the Amorites, Semitic nomads from the desert to the west of Sumer and Akkad, invaded the kingdom.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..su210200.a (1481 words)

	M I N E R V A / / Exclusives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		2340-2316 BC Lugul-zage-si, ruler of Umma, Uruk, and Sumer.
		2155-2111 BC Rulers of Lagash (Post-Akkadian or Gutian).
		1400-1155 BC Kassite Dynasty (at Babylon and Aqar Quf).
	www.minervamagazine.com /exclusives/iraq_02.php (1712 words)

	Sumer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During the 5th millenium BC a people known as the Ubaidians established settlements in the region known later as Sumer; these settlements gradually developed into the chief Sumerian cities, namely Adab, Eridu, Isin, Kish, Kullab, Lagash, Larsa, Nippur, and Ur.
		The first Sumerian ruler of historical record, Etana, king of Kish (flourished about 2800 BC), was described in a document written centuries later as the “man who stabilized all the lands.” Shortly after his reign ended, a king named Meskiaggasher founded a rival dynasty at Uruk (Biblical Erech), far to the south of Kish.
		Soon after the death of Mesanepada, the city of Uruk achieved a position of political prominence under the leadership of Gilgamesh (flourished about 2700-2650 BC), whose deeds are celebrated in stories and legends.
	www.geocities.com /Broadway/Alley/1454/sumer.htm (1445 words)

	Sumerian Tablets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		MS in Neo Babylonian on bronze, Assyria, 811-783 BC, lower part of the garment of a giant statue, 42x26x5-10 cm remaining, single column, 19 lines in a large formal cuneiform script, the lower border of the garment, 6x18 cm, divided into 4 square compartments with decorative designs of Assyrian type.
		BC, 1 tablet, 21x17x4 cm, 3 columns, 16+16+16+4 lines in cuneiform script by a teacher of a scribal school in column 1, with 2 students repeating the hymn in columns 2 and 3.
		BC, upper left quarter of a tablet, 11,5x6,4x2,2 cm, single column, 43 lines in an expert cuneiform script, signed by the scribe, drawings of 2 circles with diameters and chords indicated.
	www.earth-history.com /Clay-tablets.htm (10858 words)

	Sumerian History
		From its beginnings as a collection of farming villages around 5000 BC, through its conquest by Sargon of Agade around 2370 BC and its final collapse under the Amorites around 2000 BC, the Sumerians developed a religion and a society which influenced both their neighbors and their conquerors.
		Each of these cities had individual rulers, although as early as the mid-fourth millennium BC the leader of the dominant city could have been considered the king of the region.
		After 1900 BC, when the Amorites conquered all of Mesopotamia, the Sumerians lost their separate identity, but they bequeathed their culture to their Semitic successors, and they left the world a number of technological and cultural contributions, including the first wheeled vehicles and potter's wheels; the first system of writing, cuneiform; the first
	www.crystalinks.com /sumerhistory.html (2319 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		The oldest settlement in the area is believed to be Eridu, but the best example is Uruk (biblical Erech) in the south, where mud-brick temples were decorated with fine metalwork and stonework, and growing administrative needs stimulated the invention of a form of writing,
		The Gutians, tribesmen from the eastern hills, ended Akkadian rule about 2218 bc, and, after an interval, the 3d Dynasty of Ur arose to rule much of Mesopotamia.
		2000 bc), and as evidenced also by the unearthing (1995) of their “lost city,” Urkesh (a site near the present-day town of Tell Mozan, Syria), the Hurrians had been in Mesopotamia long before they spread (after 1700 bc) in large numbers across the whole of the north and into Anatolia.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..me092800.a (1141 words)

	ancientpeople
		Character information: In 75 BC,: while sailing to Greece for further study, Caesar was kidnaped by Cilician pirates and held for ransom.
		Character Information: Queen of Egypt and wife of King Akhenaton (ruled 1379-62 BC) who supported her husband's religious revolution and is thought by some to have adhered to the new cult of the sun god Aton even after the King began to compromise with the upholders of the old order.
		June 13, 323 BC, Babylon) King of Macedonia, was one of the greatest generals the world has ever known.
	www.hermetex4.com /damnans/antiquity.htm (934 words)

	Pythagorean Knowledge In Ancient Babylonia
		Around 2300 BC, toward the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, Semitic Akkadians invaded the area and mixed with the more advanced culture of the Sumerians.
		Examples of Pythagorean Knowledge, circa 1800 BC I shall now illustrate three examples from the Old Semitic repertoire on mathematics that shows their knowledge of the Pythagorean relationship.
		A Susa tablet of 2000 BC requires the reader to find the radius of a circle in which is inscribed an isosceles triangle of sides 50, 50, and 60.
	www.egyptorigins.org /babpyth.htm (2880 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The city was founded in the prehistoric Ubaid period, c 5200-3500 BC, and was still occupied as late as the Parthian era, 247 BC-224 AD.
		In the Early Dynastic period, the Stele of the Vultures was erected to celebrate the victory of King Eannatum over the neighboring state of Umma.
		French excavators found at least 50,000 cuneiform texts which have proved one of the major sources for knowledge of Sumer in the 3rd millennium BC.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Gash (247 words)

	Y (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Hipparchus of Rhodes (floruit 150 bc) quadrupled the Callippic Cycle, and thereby managed to calculate the length of the tropical year at 365.242 days, nearly matching our present value.
		year 7 bc : the date 27 August 7 bc was astrologically auspicious, in that it marked a special convergence of planets in which each planet returned to its native station.
		Astronomers and historians tend to associate the planetary map of this date (27 August 7 bc) with the star spotted by the Magi, and that the Christ was born the following December 7 bc, making next New Year fall in 6 bc.
	www.arapacana.com /Glossary/Y.htm (3875 words)

	Agade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The period succeeding the Early Dynastic in southern Mesopotamia is named after the city of Agade (or Akkad), whose rulers united the region, bringing the competing Sumerian cities under their control by conquest.
		The empire reached its greatest extent under Naram-Sin (about 2254-2218 BC), and there are references to campaigns against powerful states in the north, possibly including Ebla.
		Control was maintained under Naram-Sin's successor, Shar-kali-sharri (about 2217-2193 BC), though at the end of his reign there appears to have been a power struggle for the throne.
	iraqipages.com /iraq_mesopotamia/agade.htm (208 words)

	Legion XXIV - Time Line of Etruscan Rome
		c.3000 BC Ur and Uruk, the first recognized city-states on Earth, are established in the Sumer region of Southern Mesopotamia (Iraq) in the south end of the Fertile Crescent, where records for the first Kings, the wheel and the plow are found.
		c.1900 BC Postulated time for the biblical destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the wicked "cities of the plain" in the Dead Sea region, also of Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar, of which Zoar was spared.
		718 BC The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited, tended by the Vestal Virgins.
	www.legionxxiv.org /etruscantimeline (2434 words)

	Planet Mars Chronology
		422 BC The earliest known Babylonian observation records of the movement of Mars are contained within cuneiform treatises discovered at Nineveh by Sir Austin Henry Layard (1817-1894), an English archaeologist.
		In January of 272 BC, Mars is recorded to have passed close to the star Beta Scorpii.
		250 BC A Greek astronomer, Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BC), is the first to maintain that the Earth rotated on its axis once a day, and that it orbited around the Sun once a year.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /class/oconnell/astr121/test/mars-chronol-ancient.htm (1653 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: 2 History-- 2.1 Sumerian history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Naram-Sin (2254-2218 BC) referring to rebels to his rule, listing the rebellious kings, including "(..)ibra, man of Melukha"; and 3.
		Gudea of Lagash (2144-2124 BC) referring to Meluhhans that came from their country and sold gold dust, carnelian, etc. There are further references in literary texts.
		MS in Neo Sumerian on clay, Babylonia, 1900-1700 BC, 1 tablet, 10,6x5,0x2,2 cm, single column, 26 lines in cuneiform script, the lines on reverse missing.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.2/421.html (1171 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The site of the ancient city has never been located, although descriptions indicate that it was in the upper part of the southern Mesopotamian plain.
		Agade certainly continued to exist as a town even after the collapse of the Akkadian empire around 2100 BC, and was inhabited into the early Hellenistic period (third century BC), though it never again played a prominent political role.
		However, from the twenty-first to the seventh century BC Sumerian and Babylonian kings continued to use the title 'King of Sumer and Akkad'.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/print?ENC395 (217 words)

	Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein may have come from humble origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Akkad is a region in the centre of modern day Iraq that was settled from the 25th century BC onwards by people moving north from the Arabian peninsular.
		The Akkadian civilisation declined around 2230 BC in the face of invasion by the Gutians, a mountain people settled in and around the Hamadan region of Iran.
		Considered the founder of Mesopotamia’s military tradition, he built the imperial capital of Agad, from which the word Akkad is derived.
	english.aljazeera.net /special/maps/akkad_txt.htm (380 words)

	Search Results for Akkad - Encyclopædia Britannica
		2334–2279 BC), one of the earliest of the world's great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam...
		About 2500 BC Akshak was conquered by Eannatum, king of Lagash.
		2279 BC) unification of the Sumerian city-states and creation of a first Mesopotamian empire profoundly affected the art of his people, as well as their language...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Akkad&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (333 words)

	The late Third Millennium BC (2100-2400 BC): asteroid/comet impacts, meteor showers, floods, drop of temperature, ...
		"In the 20th century BC the local governors took what measures were open to them to succour their own districts, by conserving water supplies, and reducing the number of hungry mouths by driving out famine-stricken invaders, whether natives, Libyans or Asiatics, from their provinces.
		If the Anatolian event of 2345 BC was a local one, it neatly explains Sargon's attack on the south of Anatolia, because of the havoc in north, and also the prosperity that followed when the highly civilized Akkadian culture moved south.
		The 2200 BC event was global, as seen by the evidence from Iberia to China.
	www.personal.eunet.fi /pp/tilmari/tilmari2.htm (5109 words)

	Sargon -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Built between 717 and 707 BC by the Assyrian king Sargon II (reigned 721–705), Dur Sharrukin exhibits careful town planning.
		The history of Iraq begins with that of ancient Mesopotamia, which became established with the emigration of the Sumerians from Iran and northern Anatolia around 3000 BC.
		Two kingdoms, Sumer and Akkad, combined in about 2350 BC to form one nation under King Sargon of Akkad.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9377777?tocId=9377777 (608 words)

	Sumer -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		One of the principal forms of harp, it is apparently also the most ancient: depictions of arched harps survive from Sumer and Egypt from about 3000 BC.
		The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built by Nebuchadnezzar in the 6th century BC, were among the Seven Wonders of the ancient world.
		Asphalt from natural oil seeps was used in Mesopotamia before 3000 BC for construction of roads and buildings and for waterproofing boats.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9379865?tocId=9379865&query=sumer&ct=gen1 (814 words)

	Sumerian and Akkadian (DBA 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		According to archaeologists, they came from the mountains of Elam or the Armenian plains, and settled (circa 5000 BC) in the swampy lands where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers formed a delta at the head of the Persian Gulf circa 5000 BC.
		Around 2330 BC Sargon of Agade, a semitic king from the north, invaded Sumer and made it part of his expanding empire.
		With the Akkadians overwhelmed and under Gutian rule, the Sumerians regained nominal control over many of their city-states and in 2125, the Sumerian city of Ur rose up in revolt against Akkadia and was able to establish an independent Sumerian empire encompassing the city-states of southern Mesopotamia.
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/dba1.html (1422 words)

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