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Topic: 2340 BC

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	Babylonia - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Toward the end of the 3rd millennium bc, Sumer and Akkad was a kingdom of empire proportions ruled by a Sumerian dynasty known as the 3rd Dynasty of Ur.
		At the beginning of the 15th century bc, for example, it was one of the four major powers of the Orient, the other three being the Egyptian, Mitanni, and Hittite empires.
		Beginning in the 9th century bc, the Chaldeans were destined to play an important political role in the history of the Orient; their rulers helped destroy the Assyrian Empire and, at least for a brief period, made Babylonia, or, as it gradually came to be known, Chaldea, the dominant power of Mesopotamia.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761571780___9/Babylonia.html (1420 words)

	MESOPOTAMIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE,
		The most beautiful is a white limestone head of a woman or goddess (c.3500–3000 bc, Iraq Museum, Baghdad), with eyebrows, large open eyes, and a central part in her hair, all intended for inlay.
		3500–3000 bc, Iraq Museum) with horizontal bands, or registers, depicts a procession at the top, with a king presenting a basket of fruit to Inanna, goddess of fertility and love, or her priestess; nude priests bringing offerings in the central band; and at the bottom a row of animals over a row of plants.
		The Babylonians, in coalition with the Medes and Scythians, defeated the Assyrians in 612 bc and sacked Nimrud and Nineveh.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=216304 (3942 words)

	Mesopotamian Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		3500 bc), before writing was fully developed, is designated by the names of archaeological sites: Hassuna, in the north, where houses and painted pottery were excavated; Samarra, where figurative and abstract designs on pottery may have had religious significance; and Tell Halaf, where seated female figures (presumed to be mother-goddesses) and painted pottery were made.
		3500 bc) is the Limestone Temple; its superstructure has not survived, but limestone slabs on a layer of compacted earth show that it had niches and was monumental in size, measuring 76 by 30 m (250 by 99 ft).
		In the late Uruk period, the cylinder seal was introduced, probably in close association with the first use of clay tablets.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563062/Mesopotamian_Art_and_Architecture.html (1729 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Mesopotamian Art and Architecture
		3500 bc) is the Limestone Temple; its superstructure has not survived, but limestone slabs on a layer of compacted earth show that it had niches and was monumental in size, measuring 76 by 30 m (250 by 99 ft).
		In the late Uruk period, the cylinder seal was introduced, probably in close association with the first use of clay tablets.
		In two registers on one side of the stele the king is depicted leading his army into battle; on the other side the god Ningirsu, symbolically represented as much larger than a human, holds the net containing the defeated enemy.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563062/Mesopotamian_Art_and_Architecture.html (1716 words)

	Historical Figures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Yet, he managed to consolidate a strong Akkad empire in 2340-2250 BC and estab lish a true unitary monarchy: the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad, supported by a considerable army distinct from the earlier clumsy infantry of the Sumerians (Huot.
		When Philip came to reign over Macedonia in 359 BC, the country was a small state located at the intersection of the domains of the three major ethnic groups of the Balkans: the Greeks, the Thracians and the Illyrians.
		In 347 BC, Philip struck both to the south against Thessaly and to the east against Thrace, where he was invited initially as a n arbitrer between two kings, but ultimately took possession of their kingdoms.
	www.geohistory.com /nfall.html (1457 words)

	24th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2350 BC --- End of the Early Dynastic IIIb Period in Mesopotamia.
		2334–2279 BC -- Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
		October 3, 2333 BC -- Foundation of Korea (Gojoseon) according to the 15th century history book Dongguk Tonggam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2400_BC (202 words)

	Ur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the 6th century BC there was new building in Ur under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
		However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps caused by drought from changing river patterns and/or the silting of the Gulf.
		Evidence was found of restoration by the ziggurat by Ishme-Dagan of Isin and Gimil-Sin of Ur, and of Kuri-galzu, a Cossaean (Kassite) king of Babylon, of the 14th century BC.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/u/ur/ur.html (1318 words)

	History of Art by H.W. Janson and Anthony F. Janson, 6/E Chapter 3 -- Instructor's Manual
		The administrative center of this empire was the palace of Assurnasirpal II at Nimrud.
		The Assyrian Empire came to an end in 612 BC when a coordinated effort of the Babylonians, the Medes (from northern Persia) and the Palestinians destroyed all the major cities of the Empire, including the royal city of Nineveh.
		After the Assyrian empire fell in 612 BC, the city of Babylon witnessed one final brief flowering between 612 and 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Persians.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/janson5/chapter3/custom3/deluxe-content.html (1060 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: goldwork @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Dating from c.3000 BC to 2340 BC, it was executed with great technical proficiency.
		BC) is noted for its extreme opulence and for the technical skill with which it was executed; examples of these treasures are in the British Museum and the Louvre.
		Archaic Greek and Etruscan goldwork dating from c.700 BC to 500 BC was strongly influenced by Middle Eastern artisans.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:goldwork&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (616 words)

	Ur - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		He and his successor Shulgi were both deified during their reigns, and after his death, he continued as a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Sumerian literature describes the death of Ur-Nammu and his journey to the underworld.
		In the 6th century BC there was new construction in Ur under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
		However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps owing to drought, changing river patterns, and the silting of the outlet to the Persian Gulf.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Ur (1901 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Ur
		In the 6th century BC there was new building in Ur under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
		However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps due to drought caused by changing river patterns and/or the silting of the outlet to the Persian Gulf.
		Evidence was found of restoration by the ziggurat by Ishme-Dagan of Isin and Gimil-Sin of Ur, and of Kuri-galzu, a Kassite king of Babylon, of the 14th century BC.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Ur (1519 words)

	History, culture, heritage of Iraq! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Its massive city walls and 'hanging gardens', attributed by classical tradition to Semiramis, wife of Shamshi-Adad V (823-811 BC) Semiramis: Semi-legendary Queen of Assyria, the wife of Ninus, with whom she is supposed to have founded Babylon.
		At its height in the 9th-c and 8th-c BC, the Assyrian Empire stretched from the E Mediterranean to Iran, and from the Persian Gulf as far N as the mountains of E Turkey.
		It is characterized by the use of brick arches, domes, and vaults, typically decorated with a surface geometrical pattern of red, fl, and brown mosaics, as at the ziggurat temple of Warka (c.2900-2340 BC).
	www.iraqipapers.com /mesopotamia.htm (2617 words)

	Articles - Ur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		He and his successor Shulgi were both deified during their reigns, and after his death, he continued as a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Sumerian literature describes the death of Ur-Nammu and his journey to the underworld.
		In the 6th century BC there was new construction in Ur under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
		However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps owing to drought, changing river patterns, and the silting of the outlet to the Persian Gulf.
	www.techize.com /articles/Ur (1854 words)

	History of Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 2340 BC, the great Akkadian leader Sargon conquered Sumer and built the Akkadian Empire stretching over most of the Sumerian city-states and extending as far away as Lebanon.
		After the later collapse of the Sumerian civilization, the people were reunited in 1700 BC by King Hammurabi of Babylon (1792-1750 BC), and the country flourished under the name of Babylonia.
		In the 6th century BC (586 BC), Nebuchadrezzar II conquered Judea (Judah), destroyed Jerusalem; Solomon's Temple was also destroyed; Nebuchadrezzar carried away an estimated 15,000 captives, and sent most of its population into exile in Babylonia.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/History-of-Iraq.htm (5063 words)

	MMW2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		They are believed to be the remains of Caananite "high places," the kind of polytheistic images that the Israelites were forbidden to use in worshiping Yahweh after the building of the temple.
		A possible reconstruction of Solomon's temple, built according to 1Kings, chapters 6-8, in Jersualem in the 10th century BC.
		The records were kept in a kind of archive, perhaps to form records for a "science" of foretelling the future.
	aal.ucsd.edu /reserves/mmw2cc (1803 words)

	Ur. TheTexts.com Text Resources, Online Library, References, Free Encyclopedias, eBooks, Dictionary, Web Publishing, ...
		The third dynasty was established when the king Ur-Nammu (or Urnammu) came to power, ruling between 2112 BC and 2094 BC.
		However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps due to drought caused by changing river patterns and/or the silting of the Gulf.
		The finds included the unlooted tomb of Queen Puabi [2] – her name is known from a cylinder seal found in the tomb.
	www.thetexts.com /wikipedia/u/ur/ur.html (1020 words)

	Ur, Iraq
		Ur was captured about 2340 BC by King Sargon of Agade, and this era, called the Akkadian period, marks an important step in the blending of Sumerian and Semitic cultures.
		The last Babylonian king, Nabonidus (reigned 556-539 BC), who appointed his eldest daughter high priestess at Ur, embellished the temples and entirely remodeled the ziggurat of Nanna increasing its height to 7 stages, making it rival even the temple of Marduk at Babylon.
		By the 4th century BC, the city was practically forgotten, possibly as a result of a shift in the course of the Euphrates River.
	www.atlastours.net /iraq/ur.html (626 words)

	Ur - Encyclopedia.com
		Ur flourished in the 3rd millennium bc, but Sargon I conquered it in c.
		In the 6th century bc, Nebuchadnezzar briefly restored Ur as a centre of Mesopotamian civilization, but by the 5th century bc it was in terminal decline.
		Urban precursors in the Horn: early 1st-millennium BC communities in Eritrea.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O142-Ur.html (468 words)

	Saturnian Cosmology - Part 8: The Old Kingdom and the fall of Absu
		The start of pyramids after 2600 BC in Egypt is duplicated elsewhere in the world: in Mesopotamia as high ziggurats (2600 BC or later), in China (undated), in the Andes on the Peruvian coast (2630 BC), and in Meso-America (after 1200 BC).
		It is tempting to suggest that the mountainous shape of the pyramids built after 2686 BC reflects the shape of the plasma tail seen eminating from Jupiter, and that the phrase "rising on your mountain" reflects the rising and setting of Jupiter in the night sky.
		This is a change from the period before 3100 BC when there seems to have been no elite among people (as determined by grave goods) and the political structure was limited to individual cities in Sumer, or nomes (districts) in Egypt.
	saturniancosmology.org /noah.php (21640 words)

	World History 2900- 2100 BC
		It took 4,000 stonemasons and as many as 100,000 laborers to build the pyramid.
		By 2700 B.C., the Minoans began to organize themselves into towns and establish a form of government.
		The last of Sargon dynasty, Sharkalisharri, ruled until 2219 B.C., when Akkad fell to the Guti.
	www.multied.com /dates/2900bc.html (473 words)

	Home
		*2340 BC, the great Acadian leader Sargon conquered Sumer and built the Acadian Empire stretching over most of the Sumerian city-states and extending as far away as Lebanon.
		Babylon II Established by Nebuchadnezzar in the 6th century BC who in (586 B.C*.), conquered Judea (Judah), destroyed Jerusalem; Solomon's Temple was also destroyed; Nebuchadnezzar carried away an estimated 15,000 captives, and sent most of its population into exile in Babylonia.
		*In the 2nd century BC Iraq became part of the Persian Empire, who build their capital in Cetsaphon near Baghdad, remaining thus until the 7th century AD, when the Muslims captured it.
	www.iraqi-japan.com /history.htm (327 words)

	Iraq History - تاريخ العراق
		The story of Gilgamesh, who actually was king of the city-state of Uruk in approximately 2700 BC, is a moving story of the ruler's deep sorrow at the death of his friend Enkidu, and of his consequent search for immortality.
		In 2340 BC, the great Akkadian military leader, Sargon, conquered Sumer and built an Akkadian empire stretching over most of the Sumerian city-states and extending as far away as Lebanon.
		In 2125 BC, the Sumerian city of Ur in southern Mesopotamia rose up in revolt, and the Akkadian empire fell before a renewal of Sumerian city-states.
	www.arabic-media.com /iraq_history.htm (1156 words)

	Babylonian - Tower of Babel
		The Babylonian civilization, which endured from the 18th until the 6th century BC, was, like the Sumerian that preceded it, urban in character, although based on agriculture rather than industry.
		After Assyria freed itself of Mitanni domination early in the 14th century BC, its rulers began to interfere in the affairs of Babylonia and sought to control it politically.
		The ancient Hanging Gardens of Babylon in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC) is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
	www.crystalinks.com /babylonian.html (4415 words)

	The Ziggurat at the City of Ur - Southern Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The ziggurat was a pyramidal structure, built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, with a shrine at the summit.
		Ur was captured about 2340 BC by Sargon, and this era, called the Akkadian period, marks an important step in the blending of Sumerian and Semitic cultures.
		Ur-Nammu (reigned 2113-2095 BC), the first king of the 3rd Dynasty of Ur, who revived the empire of Sumer and Akkad, won control of the outlet to the sea about 2100 BC and made Ur the wealthiest city in Mesopotamia.
	www.amyron.com /pages/Travels/Ziggurat2004.htm (1054 words)

	[No title]
		Political Structures of Mesopotamia Sumerians By 3000 BC the Sumerians had established a number of independent city states in southern Mesopotamia.
		In 2340 BC Sargon the leader of the Akkadians defeated the Sumerians and established the worlds first empire.
		It was not until 1792 BC that Mesopotamia was united again In 1792 a man named Hammurabi succeeded in forming a new empire whose capital was located in Babylon.
	www.geocities.com /huntiw396/Mesopotamia.doc (978 words)

	Five Original Writing Systems
		The degree of maturity of this truly archaic writing (1600 to 1100 BC) indicates that even earlier writing in China dated before 1600 BC remains to be discovered.
		Although the survived documents were all inscribed on animal bones and turtle shells, other media such as bamboo sticks, wood tablets and silk must be used at that time or earlier.
		Xiao-zhuan 小篆 (200 BC to present): The development of the Xiao-zhuanstyle of writing was attributed to Li Si, the famous and controversial prime minister of Qin Dynasty.
	rutchem.rutgers.edu /~kyc/ChineseLearn.html (748 words)

	A timeline of the Ancient Middle-East
		2094 BC : Ur-Nammu dies and is succeeded by his son Shulgi/Dulgi, who expands the Sumerian empire to Susa and to the north, bordering the Amorites to the west, the Elamites to the east and the Hurrians (Indo-European people) to the north
		1787 BC : Hammurabi conquers the city-states of Uruk and Isin
		1200 BC : the Arameans migrate from Arabia to Syria (Harrans)
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/neareast.html (4175 words)

	History of the Glass Bead:
		From 1200 BC to 2 BC, a number of Phoenician beads were made for both local use and exportation.
		BC glass was used to create false gems and there was established glass manufacture in Ceylon from the 3rd c.
		This brings us to the Roman period, which is considered to be 100 BC to 400 AD.
	www.geocities.com /ladysveva/BeadHistory.html (2917 words)

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