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Topic: 23rd Amendment

	Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amendment XXIII (the Twenty-third Amendment) of the United States Constitution permits the District of Columbia to choose Electors for President and Vice President.
		The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961.
		However, that amendment expired by its own terms in 1985, having failed to be ratified by the required three-quarters majority of the states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution (391 words)

	Encyclopedia: Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, the founding legal document of the Republic of Ireland, lowered the voting age for all national elections and referenda in the state from twenty-one to eighteen years of age.
		The Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, the founding legal document of the Republic of Ireland, provided that the procedure for the election of six members of the Senate by university graduates could be altered by law.
		Opponents of abortion sought this amendment partly because of fears that the The Supreme Court (Irish: Chúirt Uachtarach) is the highest judicial authority in the Republic of Ireland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Amendments-of-the-Constitution-of-Ireland (12248 words)

	Encyclopedia: Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amendment IX (the Ninth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, states: In his introduction before the House of Representatives of the original twelve Amendments proposed to the states, ten of which would be ratified and become known as the Bill of Rights...
		Amendment XVII (the Seventeenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution passed on April 8, 1913 and first in effect for the election of 1914, amends Article 1 Section 3 of the Constitution to provide for the direct election of Senators by the people of a state rather than their election...
		Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Amendment XIX (the Nineteenth Amendment) to the United States Constitution, also known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, was passed by a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress on June 4, 1919, and was ratified by a thirty-sixth state, Tennessee, on...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Twenty_third-Amendment-to-the-United-States-Constitution (2245 words)

	Notes on the Amendments - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		The ratification of the 13th Amendment was a major victory for the North, and it was hoped that with the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment, the effects of slavery in the United States would quickly diminish.
		The last of the Reconstruction Amendments, the 15th Amendment was designed to close the last loophole in the establishment of civil rights for newly-freed fl slaves.
		Anthony later used the 15th Amendment as rationale for voting in a New York election, and though she was tried and fined for voting, the ordeal proved an impetus for the eventual guarantee of voting rights for women.
	www.usconstitution.net /constamnotes.html (4176 words)

	[No title]
		Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress, by two-thirds votes of the House and the Senate (of those present and voting, provided a quorum is present), or by a convention called by Congress in response to applications from the legislatures of two-thirds (34) or more of the states.
		All amendments proposed since then, with the exception of the 19th (Women's Suffrage) and the proposed child labor amendment, have included a deadline either in the body of the amendment proposed to the states, or in the joint resolution transmitting the amendment to the states to be ratified.
		Some states require amendments to be ratified by the same margin as a proposed amendment to their state constitutions; others only require a majority of the legislators present and voting (provided a quorum is present).
	countingcalifornia.cdlib.org /crs/ascii/97-922 (812 words)

	Twenty First Amendment Of The Constitution Of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Twenty-first Amendment was intended to give the state's long-standing abolition of capital punishment constitutional standing and prevent the Oireachtas (parliament) from reintroducing the penalty without a further referendum.
		The Twenty-first Amendment was introduced by the Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrats coalition government of Bertie Ahern and was supported by every political party with representation in the Dáil (the lower house of parliament).
		It was submitted to a referendum on the same day as the Twenty-third Amendment, which permitted the state to recognise the International Criminal Court and was also approved by voters, and the Twenty-forth Amendment Bill which would have permitted the state to ratify the Nice Treaty but was rejected.
	www.wikiverse.org /twenty-first-amendment-of-the-constitution-of-ireland (569 words)

	Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America
		This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years of the date of the submission hereof to the States by Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~bhughes/AmendmentsConstitution.html (1406 words)

	Constitutional Amendments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth Congress, on the 13th of June, 1866.
		The twenty-first amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the several states by the Seventy-Second Congress, on the 20th day of February, 1933, and was declared, in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated on the 5th day of December, 1933, to have been ratified by 36 of the 48 States.
		Note 1: The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States (and two others, one of which failed of ratification and the other which later became the 27th amendment) were proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress on September 25, 1789.
	home.alltel.net /cnfdcwby/Confederate/amendments.htm (2719 words)

	Commission advertisement inviting submissions (23rd Amendment) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The core functions of the Referendum Commission are to prepare statements explaining the proposed amendments to the Constitution, to prepare statements setting out the arguments for and against the proposed amendments, to facilitate debate and discussion on such matters and to do so in a manner which is fair to all interests concerned.
		The effect of the proposed amendment is to allow the State to ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court done at Rome on the 17th day of July, 1998.
		An amendment to the Constitution is required to allow ratification of the Rome Statute because submission to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court would entail a partial transfer to the Court of the sovereign power of the State to administer criminal justice.
	www.refcom.ie /RefCom/refcomwebsite.nsf/6556fea313d95d3180256a990052c571/f4b14055289b0fcb80256e97004a1aa3?OpenDocument (485 words)

	The Constitution of the United States
		AMENDMENT II A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
		AMENDMENT IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
	www.constitution.org /usconsti.htm (4078 words)

	Appointment of Chief State's Attorneyand State's Attorney
		The amendment vests the prosecutorial power of the state in a chief state's attorney and the state's attorney for each judicial district.
		The amendment requires that the chief state's attorney be appointed as prescribed by law.
		The statute enacted to implement the amendment was PA 84-405, which created the Criminal Justice Commission as an autonomous body within the Executive department for budgetary purposes.
	www.cga.ct.gov /2005/rpt/2005-R-0139.htm (2376 words)

	Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amendment XXIV (the Twenty-fourth Amendment) of the United States Constitution prevents the right to vote in federal elections from being abridged due to to pay a poll tax or other tax.
		Thirteen years after it was proposed nearly two years after the measure had passed by the United States Senate 77-16 the 24th Amendment was ratified January 23 1964.
		The right of citizens of the United to vote in any primary or other for President or Vice President for electors President or Vice President or for Senator Representative in Congress shall not be denied abridged by the United States or any by reason of failure to pay poll or other tax.
	www.freeglossary.com /United_States_Constitution/Amendment_Twenty-four (354 words)

	twenty-fourth amendment to the united states constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amendment XXIV (the Twenty-fourth Amendment) of the United States Constitution prevents any rights from being abridged due to failure to pay poll tax or other tax.
		Thirteen years after it was proposed and nearly two years after the measure had been passed by the United States Senate 77-16, the 24th Amendment was ratified on January 23, 1964.
		At the time of this amendment's passage, only five states still retained a poll tax.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.html (175 words)

	PmWiki \| JessicaLeBlanc / Chapter2
		In 1869, the 15th amendment was proposed and the ratified in 1870.
		The 17th amendment was proposed in 1912 and ratified in 1913.
		The 24th amendment was proposed in 1962 and the ratified in 1964.
	falcon.tamucc.edu /~wiki/student/student.php/JessicaLeBlanc/Chapter2 (285 words)

	U.S. Electoral College
		The 23rd Amendment to the Constitution has allowed electors from the District of Columbia to cast votes for the election of the president.
		In 1989 an amendment to do away with the electoral college passed the House of Representatives with 83% of the vote, 338-70.
		Smaller states would be unlikely to ratify such an amendment, as their votes would count for less under direct popular vote than under the current electoral college system.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/u/u_/u_s__electoral_college.html (4350 words)

	Washington Blade Online
		Among the gay Republicans expressing opposition to the president’s endorsement of the marriage amendment this week was Scott Evertz, the former director of the White House Office of National AIDS Policy.
		The only amendment to limit established individual rights was the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
		The amendment process has addressed many serious matters of national concern, and the preservation of marriage rises to this level of national importance.
	www.washblade.com /2004/2-27/news/national/vow.cfm (2580 words)

	ABA Division for Public Education: Quizzes: Amendments - Explanation of Answers
		Residents of the District of Columbia: 23rd Amendment, ratified in 1961.
		The amendment permits residents of the District to vote for the president and vice-president—but does not give the District members of Congress or the Senate with full voting rights.
		The Fifteenth Amendment—which states, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude,”—was designed to further protect the rights of the newly freed slaves by eliminating barriers to their voting.
	www.abanet.org /publiced/quizzes/amendment_explanations.html (500 words)

	District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment - Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ultimately, the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment failed because it was not ratified by the legislatures of at least 38 U.S. states when the August 22, 1985, deadline—specified in the text of the proposed Amendment itself (fourth and final section)—had passed.
		Had it succeeded, the amendment would have repealed the 23rd Amendment and would have granted to the District of Columbia the full voting rights of a state.
		The proposed amendment would have also allowed the Washington, D.C. City Council to participate in the process of acting upon future amendments to the Constitution—on an equal footing as a state's legislature—pursuant to Article V of the Constitution.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment (757 words)

	--> 23RD AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE USA :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Altered by 23rd Amendment) shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, a...
		The District of Columbia receives three electoral votes, as determined by the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution.
		The MSA Constitution was originally ratified on November 23rd, 1999 and continues...
	www.besoon.de /68386 (326 words)

	U.S. Electoral College -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The electoral process was modified in 1804 with the ratification of the (Click link for more info and facts about 12th Amendment) 12th Amendment, and again in 1961 with the ratification of the (Click link for more info and facts about 23rd Amendment) 23rd Amendment.
		The fact that there is an even number of electoral votes available since the passing of the 23rd Amendment makes a 269/269 tie conceivable, although none has occurred yet.
		It is commonly thought that smaller states would be unlikely to ratify such an amendment, as their votes would count for less under direct popular vote than under the current electoral college system.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/u/u.s._electoral_college1.htm (6288 words)

	electoralcollege
		Before the 12th Amendment, the candidate who received the most electoral votes became president and the person who received the second most electoral votes became the vice president.
		The second amendment which changed our electoral process was the 23rd Amendment.
		This Amendment was ratified in 1961, and it allowed the people of Washington D.C. to get three electoral votes for the 1964 election and all elections afterwards.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /tbrown117735mi/electoralcollege.html (944 words)

	George LaRoche, Reply to Cooper, Harris, and Richards, June 11, 2002
		Assuming you’re prepared to pay for the enforcement of this Amendment, it would be a lawyer’s gold mine, given the remarkably vague terminology and the use of generalized and completely abstract concepts.
		Your proposed Amendment is over three hundred words, which would make it one of the longer passages in the Constitution (assuming Congress would pass the entire text, in your proposed form, which I’ve already noted is unlikely to happen).
		It’s commonly assumed that the 23rd Amendment says that, for the purposes of election of the President, the District “shall be treated as a state.” This is incorrect.
	www.dcwatch.com /issues/voting07.htm (1180 words)

	Ch4USConstitution
		All 27 amendments to the Constitution are by the former
		In 1961, residents of Washington DC were given the right to vote in Presidential elections by the 23rd Amendment.
		This amendment is an exception to the prohibition, found in Article I, Section 9, of direct taxes unless in proportion to the population of the various States and gives the
	members.aol.com /jinx78550/Ch4USConstitution.html (2737 words)

	VOTING REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS FOR CITIZENS
		V. Ratification of a proposed constitutional amendment requires approval of three fourths of the state legislatures, or three fourths of specifically called state constitutional conventions. A proposed constitutional amendment could provide for the District to elect a member of the House only, or could also provide for Senate representation (either with one or two senators).
		amendment to the states for ratification, and thus provided for the District’s participation in presidential elections through the Electoral College.
		amendment in 1913, which provided for the direct election of senators.
	www.senate.gov /~gov_affairs/052302kurland.htm (1493 words)

	PUERTO RICO HERALD: A Senator From D.C.? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The problem was partially addressed in 1960 when Congress passed the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution, giving Washington residents the right to vote for presidential electors numbering no more than those of the least populous state; in other words, three.
		In 1978, a heavily Democratic Congress passed an amendment to the Constitution that would have given the District the same Congressional representation it would have had if it were a state, including two senators.
		The Amendment had a time limit of seven years, however, and in 1985 the amendment died when only 16 states had ratified it out of the 38 required.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues/2004/vol8n10/SenatorDC.shtml (1306 words)

	MSN Encarta - Electoral College
		Each state is allotted a number of electors equal to the number of its representatives and senators in the U.S. Congress.
		In addition, the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, adopted in 1961, permits residents of the District of Columbia to vote for three electors in the same manner as residents of the states.
		The 12th Amendment to the Constitution requires that the House “immediately” choose the president “by ballot” from among the presidential candidates receiving the highest number of votes in the electoral college.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576768/Electoral_College.html (1715 words)

	U.S. Electoral College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The electoral process was modified in 1804 with the ratification of the 12th Amendment, and again in 1961 with the ratification of the 23rd Amendment.
		On the one hand, the Twelfth Amendment specifies that the Senate should choose the Vice President, and it does not admit of a time limit on the selection process.
		The 23rd Amendment gives the District of Columbia the number of electoral votes that it would receive if it were a state, or the smallest number of electoral votes of any state, whichever is smaller.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/U/U.S.-Electoral-College.htm (6108 words)

	DC Vote - Print Friendly Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The bill passed both houses (to become a law, an amendment must pass by a two-thirds majority in both houses and must be ratified by three-fourths of the states).
		Murray said she was disappointed that the amendment did not pass intact and spurned the Republicans who blocked the congressional representation provision.
		Although the amendment passed both houses, it still needed to be ratified by three-fourths of the states, and by August 1985 - the deadline for states to ratify the amendment - only 16 states had approved it.
	www.dcvote.org /media/print.cfm?mediaID=306 (1026 words)

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