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Topic: 2498 BC

	List of Pharaohs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Around 2055 BC, a descendant of the pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs, reunited the Two Lands, founded the Eleventh Dynasty and ruled as Mentuhotep II, the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.
		The New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.
		Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and annexed by the Persians until 404 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Pharaohs (2140 words)

	EGY-f.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Khaba (2643-2637 BC) (in Zawiyet El-Aryan, south of Giza)
		Djedefre (2566-2558 BC) (in Abu Roach, between Giza and Saqqara)
		Amenemhet III (1842-1797 BC) (in Hawara, between Meydum and the Fayum)
	users.skynet.be /jmd/EGY-PYR-e.html (135 words)

	A timeline of the ancient Egyptians
		1525 BC : Ahmose I dies and is succeeded by Amenhotep I
		2181 - 2160 BC Dynasties 7 and 8
		2160 - 2040 BC Dynasties 9 and 10
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/egyptian.html (1717 words)

	Pharoah/Temp
		The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 BC to 2498 BC and included the pharoahs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren) and Menkaure (Mycerinus).
		The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Lower Egypt that ruled from BC to.
		The Late Period runs from 1080 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Libyans, Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/p/ph/pharoah_temp.html (1016 words)

	Egyptian History
		Dynasty 22 - 945-712 BC at Tanis (Libyan or Bubastite)
		In 665 BC Tanutamun rebells and Thebes is sacked and its temple treasury taken in 663 BC.
		In 490 BC Darius' army was defeated by the Greeks at Marathon.
	members.aol.com /abbylm1989/egypt.htm (3506 words)

	The 30 Dynasties of Egypt
		Rulers of the Fourth Dynasty: Sneferu (2613 - 2589), Khufu aka Cheops (2589 - 2566 BC), Radjedef (2566 - 2558 BC), Khafre aka Cheophren (2558 - 2532 BC), Menkaru aka Mycerinus (2532 - 2504 BC) and Shepseskaf (2504 - 2500 BC).
		Rulers of the Sixth Dynasty: Teti (2345 - 2333 BC), Pepi I (2332 - 2283 BC), Merenre (2283 - 2278 BC) and Pepi II (2278 - 2184 BC).
		Rulers of the Eleventh Dynasty: Intef I (2134 - 2117 BC), Intef II 2117 - 2069 BC), Intef III (2069 - 2060 BC), Mentuhotep I (2060 - 2010 (BC), Mentuhotep II (2010 - 1998 BC) and Mentuhotep III (1997 - 1991 BC).
	mstecker.com /pages/egyptdyn_fp.htm (1541 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		The Fifth dynasty of Egypt Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 BC 2498 to 2345 BC.
		The Twelfth dynasty of Egypt Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 BC 1991 to 1782 BC, and is considered by later Egyptians as their greatest dynasty.
		The New Kingdom of Egypt New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Eighteenth, Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.
	www.mauspfeil.net /List_of%20Pharaohs.html (3125 words)

	Aegyptica Antica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		c.2613-2589 BC Sneferu married the daughter of Huni, Hetepheres, thus legitimizing his claim to the throne by bringing together two royal lines.
		c.2558-2532 BC With Khafra and his 25 year reign, Egypt entered into a period of extreme prosperity - as evidence by the high quality nobles' tombs from this reign.
		c.2532-2503 BC The frivolous construction projects of his predecessors had all but crippled Egypt by Menkaure's reign, and it is thought that his reign saw a degree of internal discontent.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /aegypticaantica/chronology/dynasty4.htm (508 words)

	Egypt - September 2003 - part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BC) also built pyramids, but these were made of mudbrick and only piles of rubble remain of them.
		During his reign from 2613 to 2589 BC three big pyramids were built, making him the only pharaoh to have built more than one.
		The third pyramid at Gizeh, that of Khafre`s son Menkaure (Mykerinos in Greek) who ruled from 2532 to 2504 BC, is markedly smaller than the other two, probably because more attention was given to the accompanying temples than to the pyramid itself.
	www.krommenaas.tk /photos/2003_09_Egypt/album2.htm (3753 words)

	THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT EGYPT
		Third Dynasty 2686 - 2613 BC Fourth Dynasty 2613 - 2498 BC Fifth Dynasty 2498 - 2345 BC Sixth Dynasty 2345 - 2181 BC First Intermediate Period: 7th - 11th Dynasties 2181 - 2055 BC.
		The 21st - 24th Dynasties is known as the Libyan Period, and the system adopted by the Libyan rulers and modified by the later 25th Dynasty Kushites was generally effective.
		Twenty Ninth Dynasty 399 - 380 BC Thirtieth Dynasty 380 - 343 BC Second Persian Period: 31st Dynasty 343 - 332 BC.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /chronology.htm (786 words)

	THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Built in the year 2650 BC by the architect Imhotep, initially it was supposed to be a mastaba but later floors were added until they reached six.
		The pyramids of Gizeh were built during the period of the Ancient Empire, by the Pharaoh of the fourth dynasty (2613 to 2498 BC).
		The motive for using the triangular form in these constructions is not known, though it could be a way of reproducing the form of mountains where, for the ancient Egyptians, the Gods lived, or they could also be understood as staircases by which the spirit of the Pharaoh would reach the skies.
	www.litosonline.com /articles/46/art4601.shtml (1918 words)

	The Pharaohs ruled Egypt for more than 3
		Eleventh Dynasty 2134 - 1991 BC Intef I
		Twelfth Dynasty 1991 - 1782 BC Amenemhet I
		Nineteenth Dynasty 1293 - 1185 BC Ramesses I
	www.geocities.com /EnchantedForest/3563/kingslist.html (216 words)

	The Art Of Architecture
		Permanent building in stone was restricted to the tomb, temple, and the associated statuary (obelisk and avenues of sphinx and lion), but the forms of these monumental stone structures seem to have been influenced by those of primitive Egyptian domestic architecture.
		During the 2d century BC the Romans, in conquering North Africa, Greece, Anatolia, and Spain, absorbed the architectural traditions of those areas (most significantly that of Greece), to which they added the constructional skills of the Etruscans, their immediate neighbors in central Italy.
		The most significant achievements of the Romans were in their technology of building, their use of a much wider range of materials (including concrete, terra-cotta, and fired bricks), and their refinements of the arch and vault and the dome--all of which had been pioneered by the Etruscans.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/Architec/Generalities/ArtOfArchitecture/ArtOfArchitecture.htm (3498 words)

	The Society for the Study of Ancient Egypt
		The Romans recorded events in relation to the traditional founding of Rome in 753 BC and the accessions of the various consuls and emperors; the Greeks from the date of the first Olympic Games in 776 BC.
		The earliest traces of human occupation in the Nile valley are from the Paleolithic era (circa 250,000 BC) with Stone-Age 'hunter-gatherers'.
		525 BC sees the Persian invasion with reforms of administration, the introduction of legal codes and new public works, such as temples and canal joining the Nile to the Red Sea.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /ssae/new4chronology.html (1234 words)

	Chronology of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Third Dynasty 2686 - 2613 BC Fourth Dynasty 2613 - 2498 BC Fifth Dynasty 2498 - 2345 BC Sixth Dynasty 2345 - 2181 BC First Intermediate Period: 7th - 11th Dynasties 2181 - 2055 BC.
		Eighteenth Dynasty 1570 - 1293 BC Nineteenth Dynasty 1293 - 1185 BC Twentieth Dynasty 1185 - 1070 BC Third Intermediate Period: 21st - 24th Dynasties 1070 - 664 BC.
		This second occupation was a period of suppression and rebellion resulting in the Egyptians welcoming the rule of the Macedonian leader Alexander.
	shs.westport.k12.ct.us /rust/Anthropology/Anthro.Unit.Three/Egyptology/Chronology%20of%20Ancient%20Egypt.htm (591 words)

	Hansard -- Volume 5, Number 7 -- Thursday, April 4, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Representing the Coalition of B.C. Businesses are Phil Hochstein, executive vice-president of the Independent Contractors and Business Association of B.C.; Janet Marwick, executive director of Recreation Vehicle Dealers; and R. Allan Cullen, president of Detroit Diesel–Allison British Columbia Inc. From education we have one member, Tony Knowles, the president of the B.C. Institute of Technology.
		From labour, representing the B.C. Federation of Labour we have Rod Goy, apprenticeship coordinator, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, and Phillip Legg, who is a staff member with the B.C. Federation of Labour.
		"B.C.'s only training program for butchers in southern B.C. will be on the chopping block tonight as Vancouver Community College directors decide how to cut costs.
	www.legis.gov.bc.ca /HANSARD/37th3rd/h20404a.htm (17563 words)

	British Columbia Retirement Communities Association
		The BC Retirement Communities Association is a group of owners and operators of market-responsive Retirement Communities providing choice in accommodation, hospitality and personal care services.
		As the face of BC eldercare continues to evolve, we have a unique and rewarding opportunity to listen and respond to the seniors who we serve!
		BCRCA wants to work together with Independent and Assisted Living providers to form and strengthen vital resident-responsive communities that foster independence and freedom of choice for seniors with a proactive approach to health and wellness.
	www.bcrca.ca (150 words)

	Architektur-Theorie/Texte 02 (Stand: 31.03.95)
		The architecture of both the Babylonian (c.1900-c.1550 BC) and the Assyrian empires (c.1100-612 BC) was based on massive brick platforms raised above the floodplain and often further terraced to give the characteristic ziggurat form.
		The ancient Persian Empire (538-333 BC) adopted these features and supplemented them with the extensive use of columns, as in the palaces at PERSEPOLIS (518-c.460 BC).
		This early Greek architecture (3000-700 BC) is characterized by the use of massive stone blocks for walls and by the occasional use of corbeled masonry to make primitive forms of vaults and domes, as in the Lion Gate and so-called Treasury of Atreus at MYCENAE (1400-1200 BC).
	www.ar.fh-koeln.de /alte_seiten/fb/studium/faecher/ar-theor/docs/archdef.html (5020 words)

	Zwoje (The Scrolls) 2 (39), 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The walls of this burial chamber were painted about 1425 BC, during XVIII Dynasty (dated at the Tuthmosis IV, or the early Amenhotep III reigns), and were retouched and restored after the drawings published in 1907 by scientists and artists working with the Metropolitan Museum in New York.
		In the mastaba of the professional singers, Nefer and Kahay, built during the rules of the last King Unas (Wenis) from the V Dynasty, Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BC), the funeral stela at the vestibule is composed of two registers (panels).
		1160 BC), from the Third Intermediate Period (1069-945 BC), under the reigns of the High Priests, was first written on the wall of the chapel of the Thebian king Inyoted (known also as Antef or Intef) from XI Dynasty (2134-1991 BC), Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BC).
	www.zwoje-scrolls.com /zwoje39/text07.htm (8327 words)

	SEARCH, a support page for ENCYCLOPEDIA TRIANGLE CENTERS
		[In this case, kx is simply the directed distance between X and sideline BC of the reference triangle.]
		Column 2 shows 1st coordinates for centers as indexed in ETC. Column 4 shows 1st coordinates arranged in increasing order.
		For example, row 1 indicates that X(1), the incenter, has distance 1.690308509457 from line BC, and that X(348) is the center farthest from BC on its negative side, with distance -468.904101327.
	faculty.evansville.edu /ck6/encyclopedia/search.html (218 words)

	Neferchichi's Tomb at neferchichi.com
		Predynastic Period (5200 BC to 3100 BC): First settlers of the Nile Valley hunt and fish, later switch to farming.
		First Intermediate Period (2181 BC to 2133 BC): The government crumbles and civil war breaks out as several rival kingdoms fight for control of Egypt.
		Osorkon the Elder (984 BC - 978 BC)
	www.neferchichi.com /pharaohs.html (741 words)

	IBSS - History - Egyptian
		Ahmose I - 1570-1546 BC Expelled the Hyksos ANEP, 310.
		Taharqa - 690-664 BC Hezekiah was relying on him for help against Assyria.
		Alexander IV Ptolemaic Dynasty 305-30 BC During this period the Ptolemy's would struggle with the Seleucid Dynasty in Syria for control of Palestine.
	www.bibleandscience.com /history/egyptian.htm (3454 words)

	Inquiry over the <extraterrestrial connection> of the pre dynastic era
		Sooner or later, they would prove to the world that it was necessary to search Egypts’ origin in relation to the arrival in the lands of the Nile of a super civilization that was colonizing the area and instructed the primitive inhabitants.
		Hardly 190 lines, this piece of writing relates, in simple fashion, a man’s adventures who, unique survivor of a wreck which arrived unexpectedly during a gigantic storm, is led by waves to a rich and mysterious island.
		The fourth king Amenophis, better known under the name Akhenaton, imagined a new religion based on the energy that extricates itself from the solar disc in opposition to the traditional divinity of the sun as a celestial star, in that way revolutionizing the whole religious conception of ancient Egyptian cults.
	www.indo.net.id /mbs/Origins_of_Ancient_Egypt.htm (3638 words)

	Biblical Old Testatament Chronology, can the genealogical conflicts be resolved?
		And for the date of the flood 2,348 BC, 3,228 BC, 4,819 BC, and 5,799 BC are a few examples.
		And at present it would appear that the best estimates would be 8,000 BC to 10,000 BC for the time of the flood (see the Flood) and 12,000 BC to 14,000 BC for the time of Adam.
		He reckoned as far back as 4004 B.C., and then finding no more available material in the form of history, either written or inscribed, he had to stop.
	www.accuracyingenesis.com /chrono.html (2680 words)

	History
		2613 - 2498 BC : Fourth dynasty Khufu (Cheops)andKhafre (Chephren)
		There is however a tradition that speaks of Egyptian civilization not starting 3.000 BC but 10.500 BC.
		GEB and NUT, two very lifelike characters were said to be the father and mother of all gods.
	users.skynet.be /tarot/egypt/history.htm (253 words)

	Door seals pyramid secrets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Egyptologists say unlike treasures discovered in burial chambers in the Valley of the Kings at Luxor, no such trove has ever been found inside the three great Pyramids of Giza.
		They also note that the pyramids of Cheops was looted by grave robbers about 2,000 BC, some 700 years after his death.
		The limestone sarcophagus, two metres long and one metre wide, belonged to an overseer of workers at the pyramids named Neni Sout Wizart, who lived in the fourth dynasty, which lasted from 2613 to 2498 BC.
	www.shanghai-star.com.cn /2002/0919/fe20-1.html (796 words)

	EGYPTIAN COSMOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Queen Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BC) erected her hefty obelisks at Karnak to light the Two Lands (Upper and Lower Egypt) when it gets dark through a solar eclipse.
		King Senusert I (1971-1928 BC) erected his Sun-temple and obelisk pair at Heliopolis for the same purpose.
		The author has proided an eclipse-based Old Kingdom Chronology in which the advent of Dynasty IV was in 2635 BC.
	www.eclipse-chasers.com /egypt5.htm (2161 words)

	Guardian's Ancient Egyptian Kinglist
		2686 - 2575 BC Sanakhte (Nebka?) 2686 - 2668
		2465 - 2323 BC Userkef 2498 - 2491
		This all ends in the last great era of ancient Egypt, beginning with the 18th Dynasty, and the rise of the New Kingdom.
	home.att.net /~kganu/wsb/html/Egyptian_Kingdoms.htm (129 words)

	CUPE BC: Sun columnist slammed for 'shooting the messenger'
		Last Saturday (Feb 5), the Vancouver Sun ran a column by Barbara Yaffe that criticized the labour movement in general, and CUPE BC in particular, for criticizing Israeli policy on the West Bank.
		The point is to give voice to the voiceless, and the publication of educational materials on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, by CUPE BC’s international solidarity committee, follows in that tradition.
		The Wall Must Fall is a primer for interested union and community members featuring voices from the Israeli and Palestinian peace movements that are shut out of the mainstream media.
	www.cupe.bc.ca /2498 (543 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| The world's oldest dam
		In all likelihood it was not, and the overspill from the full dam caused erosion on the downstream side which led to its collapse."
		The dam has now been authoritatively dated to the Third or Fourth Dynasties (between 2686 and 2498 BC).
		In "A Note on the Sadd Al-Kafara" in the Bulletin de l'Institut d'Égypte (Tome XXVIII, 1947), GW Murray questioned why the Ancient Egyptians would have wanted to store so great a body of water, apparently in a hurry, and in the middle of the desert, so far from any cultivation.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/708/he1.htm (1806 words)

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