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	25 kV AC - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		25 kV AC is one of the most common voltages used for railway electrification, usually at 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on that country's normal mains (American English: household electricity) frequency.
		Railways using older and lower capacity direct current systems such as Spain are introducing 25 kV AC instead of 3000 V DC for its new high speed lines.
		50 kV AC Two isolated freight lines passing through desert country had double 25 kV to 50 kV to further reduce energy losses in their transmission lines.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/25kVAC (145 words)

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		Metal oxide gapless type lightning arrester for use on 25 kV.
		25 kV ac 50 Hz single phase oil filled current transformers with ratio of (i) 1000-500/5A, (for general purposes, (ii) 1500-750/5 (for heavy duty).
		Specification for 25 kV current transformer with CT ratio 100-50/5 for shunt capacitor banks in 2x25 kV ‘AT’ feeding system.
	www.rdso.gov.in /traction/specifications/main1.html (709 words)

	EU Rly Power Sply
		25 kV AC was found not only to have the advantages over DC in terms of producing higher power with low current but also substantial savings in energy and equipment costs for mainline railways.
		As there are 32257km of 15 kV electrification and at the rate of 1M to install a kilometre of electrification, a total of 32.3bn is required to upgrade the infrastructure alone.
		In addition, 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC is either generated in single-phase or converted from three-phase to single-phase have an advantage over 25 kV AC electrification.
	www.lococarriage.org.uk /eurlypwrsply.htm (8674 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Railway electrification system - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Through the middle 20th century, rotary converters or mercury arc rectifiers were used to convert utility (mains) AC power to the required DC voltage at the feeder stations.
		Common commutating electric motors can also be fed AC (universal motor), because reversing current in both stator and rotor does not change the direction of torque.
		The first attempts to use standard-frequency single-phase AC were made in Hungary in the 1930s, by the Hungarian Kálmán Kandó on the line between Budapest-Nyugati and Alag, using 16 kV at 50 Hz.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Electric_railway (2728 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "25 kV AC"
		25 kV AC 25 kV AC (kV = kilovolts, AC = alternating current, hence 25 000 volts alternating,) is one of the most common voltagess used for railway electrification, usually at 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on that country's normal electricity supply frequency.
		In Canada, a 132 km (82 mile) 50 kV line was built in 1983 by BC Rail on its Tumbler Ridge sudivision in northern British Columbia, connecting to the Quintette and Wolverine mines near Tumbler Ridge.
		In South Africa another 861 km (540 mile) 50 kV line was built in the mid-1970's for the export of iron-ore, and operates between Sishen and Saldanha at a frequency of 50 hertz (Hz) instead of the 60 Hz used in North America.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=25_k%56_%41%43 (708 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Through the middle 20th century, rotary converters or mercury arc rectifiers were used to convert utility (mains) AC power to the required DC voltage at the feeder stations.
		A 12.5 kV 25 Hz section between New York City and New Haven, Connecticut was converted to 60 Hz in the last third of the 20th century.
		The first attempts to use standard-frequency single-phase AC were made in Hungary in the 1930s, by the Hungarian KÃ¡lmÃ¡n KandÃ³ on the line between Budapest-Nyugati and Alag, using 16 kV at 50 Hz.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Railway_electrification_system (2238 words)

	Electronic Power for Trains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The 25 kV AC is collected by the pantograph and passed to the transformer.
		The AC from the transformer is rectified to DC by chopping the cycles, so to speak, so that they appear in the raw as half cycles of AC as shown on the left.
		The asynchronous motor, also called the induction motor, is an AC motor which comprises a rotor and a stator like the DC motor, but the AC motor does not need current to flow through the armature.
	www.railway-technical.com /tract-02.html (2556 words)

	Wind Farm Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators :: Transient Stability of Power Systems Using Phasor Simulation ...
		The wind farm consists of six 1.5 MW wind turbines connected to a 25 kV distribution system exporting power to a 120 kV grid through a 30 km 25 kV feeder.
		A 2300V, 2 MVA plant consisting of a motor load (1.68 MW induction motor at 0.93 PF) and of a 200 kW resistive load is connected on the same feeder at bus B25.
		The simulation results are illustrated in Voltage Sag on the 120 kV System (Wind Farm in Var Regulation Mode).
	www.mathworks.com /access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/physmod/powersys/ug/f12-6566.html (1400 words)

	A21 Design Monthly - 1992 Electrification Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Although a variety of options for traction voltage, both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) do exist, budgetary economic analysis shows that 25 kV AC will be the most cost effective standard system for the Peninsula Corridor as described below.
		PG and E has indicated that a cursory review of the proposed traction power system discloses that power could probably be supplied to the proposed substations without major alteration to their existing facilities, except to construct an approximately one mile long transmission line as a feeder near Redwood City.
		Electrification of CalTrain would be based on a 25 kV AC system with catenary, utilizing electric locomotives and the existing fleet of gallery cars (plus an expanded fleet of locomotive-hauled cars) the environmental benefits of an electrified CalTrain outweigh negative environmental impacts.
	cypress.he.net /~arch21/0800part4.html (2728 words)

	25 kV AC at AllExperts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		25 kV AC 25 kV AC is one of the most common voltages used for railway electrification, usually at 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on that country's normal electricity supply frequency.
		This voltage is ideal for long distance use, and for new suburban railways where brand new bridges and tunnels can be built to suit.
		Two isolated freight lines passing through desert country have doubled 25 kV to 50 kV to further reduce energy losses in their transmission lines.
	en.allexperts.com /e/0/25_kv_ac.htm (197 words)

	Electrics the way to go,Isn't it????? - Trains.com Forums
		AC equipped diesel locomotives first rectify the output of the traction alternator to provide a DC bus for the inverters - current practice is to use IGBT's for switching - the output of the inverters is a variable voltage variable frequency AC.
		They favored continued DC operation based on their own study which showed that the DC was superior to AC for the Milwaukee's mountain operations, closing the gap, and purchasing new locomotives from GE, upgrading the system overall with silicon diode rectifiers, and raising the voltage to 3,900 vDC.
		It survived several generations of steam, several generations of diesel-electrics, several varieties of AC electrification, and most of the original mileage, with the original motor-generator sets, is still going so strong that economic justification cannot be found for either termination or conversion.
	www.trains.com /TRC/CS/forums/4/1050572/ShowPost.aspx (3637 words)

	AC Hipot Tester - Hipotronics, Inc.
		The 100 HVT Series AC test sets are specifically designed to perform quick and accurate AC dielectric tests.
		The 100 HVT has a maximum output of 100 kV at 50 mA or 50 kV at 100 mA.
		The 100 HVT has a 50 kV tap that is used for bucket liner testing and other low voltage, high current test requirements.
	www.hipotronics.com /fieldtest/fldtst01.htm (259 words)

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		It allows switching over from 25 KV AC catenary to 1500 V DC catenary and vice versa.
		This switch isolates 1500 V DC downstream circuits from 25 KV and connects them (DC circuits) to ground.
		The moment AC supply enters the panto, it will energize the relays necessary to lower DC panto automatically.
	www.angelfire.com /art/shankar/techieinfo.htm (416 words)

	15 kV AC at AllExperts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		15 kV AC 15 kV AC at 16.7 Hz is a railway electrification system chosen by Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway in 1912.
		In Sweden it is officially 16 kV AC, 16 2/3 Hz.
		This voltage has been superseded by 25 kV AC at 50 Hz or 60 Hz since the 1950s.
	en.allexperts.com /e/0/15_kv_ac.htm (215 words)

	elektrolok.de-Aktuell
		25 Frachtlokomotiven werden ab 2009 nach Australien geliefert
		Das geplante Einsatzgebiet der Hochgeschwindigkeitstriebzüge ist Deutschland (15 kV AC), Frankreich (25 kV AC und 1,5 kV DC), Belgien (25 kV AC und 3 kV DC) und die Niederlande (25 kV AC und 1,5 kV DC).
		Die Fahrzeuge müssen nach den landesspezifischen Vorschriften zugelassen und für den Betrieb auf den Streckennetzen der oben genannten Länder geeignet sein.
	www.elektrolok.de /aktuell/aktuell.htm (2336 words)

	Betuweroute - 25 kV
		The 25 kV system has been tested in recent years under sometimes extreme conditions along a twelve kilometre stretch of the Havenspoorlijn.
		The electricity supply companies supply power at 150 kV, which is far too high, so there are therefore transformer stations that convert the electricity to the required 25 kV.
		The power from the 25 kV transformer stations must therefore be regularly boosted, which is done in smaller power houses every ten kilometres.
	en.betuweroute.nl /home/aanleg_&_voortgang/innovatie/25kv?setlanguage=en (383 words)

	15 kV AC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The voltage of this grid is 110 kV in Germany and Austria and 66 kV, 132 kV in Switzerland.
		Also in use are central plants with rotary machines (and also with static inverters) for the transforming of three phase AC with 50 hertz of the national power grid into 16.7 hertz for the railway.
		Substations in areas where the railway is fed by a single phase AC powerline consist of a switchyard and a transformer for transforming the voltage of the grid (66 kV, 110 kV or 132 kV) into those of the overhead line (15kV).
	en.askmore.net /15kVAC.htm (556 words)

	SVM MIS/DEIS - 3.1.3 Electrification
		The catenary is energized at 12 kV AC at 25 Hz from a substation located near the Zoo.
		However, the possibility exists to electrify at 25 kV AC, requiring the EMU equipment to also have dual voltage capability, but reducing the number of substations required.
		Since the existing portion of the system operates at 12 kV 25 Hz, the light rail vehicles would be capable of switching between 12 kV 25 Hz and 12 kV 60 Hz or 25kV 60 Hz power.
	www.svmetro.com /svm/mis/a3_1_3.htm (1714 words)

	Hipot/Ground Testers - Used Surplus Equipment
		AC Output: 0 to 10 kV, 5 mA.
		DC Output: 0 to 25 kV, 5 mA.
		AC Hipot Tester The 120 HVT Series AC test sets are specifically designed to perform quick and accurate AC dielectric tests.
	www.labx.com /v2/newad.cfm?CatID=390&Page=7 (466 words)

	10
		It is notified for information of the public that in connection with introduction of 25 KV a.c.
		AC overhead traction wires will be energised on or after the date specified against the section.
		It is notified for information of the public that in connection with introduction of 25 kV AC Electric Traction over the section.
	www.angelfire.com /sc/ujmrao/pnotice.html (913 words)

	25 KV AC 50 HZ SINGLE POLE OUTDOOR VACUUM INTERRUPTER TYPE PVTI
		Type PVTI is designed for use in unattended railway traction switching stations for controlling power supply to 25 KV AC Hz single phase traction over head equipment.
		Type SBLB is mounted on the roof of locomotive and comprises of a vertical hollow insulator, solid post insulator and one horizontal porcelain insulator in a box type construction.
		Single vacuum interrupter of 25 KV rated voltage is mounted inside the horizontal insulator.
	www.bhel.com /bhel/product_services/power/switch/l12.htm (263 words)

	Product Listing - j
		N GAUGE DC 2408 25 Kv tensioner assembly (to attach to mast DC 2422 or DC 2390)
		OO GAUGE DC 4388 25 Kv AC tensioner assembly (to attach to mast DC 4300)
		DC 4173 25 Kv Transformer for mounting on masts
	www.perfecthosting.co.uk /~ssl-dckits/store/commerce.cgi?product=j (674 words)

	Biddle 65-100JD - Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
		This test set is designed to locate cable faults by the high voltage impulse method on cables rated up to 35 kV ac phase-to-phase.
		This is a combination type system because it combines the three related functions of a dc proof tester, a dc cable fault burner, and an impulse generator, all having a common power supply.
		25 kV maximum, continuously variable 0 to 25 kV.
	www.atecorp.com /equipment/biddle/65-100jd.htm (311 words)

	stormcatcher: EMU, DEMU, DHMU, Railbuses Indian Railways
		From Andheri, which is the next station, Currently on the slow track, it will switch to the fast track at Andheri which is the next station.
		This 25 kV AC EMU rake was built by ICF for service on the MMTS network in Hyderabad.
		However the CM of AP rejected this design and as a result it was handed over to SR to do service on the newly inaugurated BG EMU services from Chennai Egmore.
	www.irfca.org /~shanky/suburban/suburban.html (742 words)

	HDI SNCB bo-bo electric locomotive
		All Belgium's neighbouring countries use different systems for their railway electrification: Belgium uses 3 kV DC, Germany is electrified at 15 kV 16.7 Hz, The Netherlands uses 1.5 kV DC and the northern part of France uses 25 kV 50 Hz.
		Series 16 locomotives were derived from the series 15 units and can operate on all four of the different power systems.
		3 kV DC, 15 kV AC 16.7 Hz, 1.5 kV DC, 25 kV AC 50 Hz Power:
	www.joueftrains.com /8858.htm (159 words)

	HD125-0 - 25 KV DC, 0 - 10 KV AC Hipot. Overload sensitivity Adjustable from 0.5 mA to 5.5 mA-AccuSource Electronics
		HD125-0 - 25 KV DC, 0 - 10 KV AC Hipot.
		Category : Hipot : 0 - 25 KV DC, 0 - 10 KV AC Hipot.
		The 100 Series AC/ DC Hipots are accurate, durable instruments designed to perform hipot tests on all types of electrical products, systems, and components.
	www.accusrc.com /commerce/ccp3674-0---25-kv-dc--0---10-kv-ac-hipot--overload-sensit-hd125-hd125.htm (472 words)

	Siemens AG - Corporate Web Site - Expert Feature Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The train concept for the Velaro RUS is derived from the Velaro platform with its first application in the Velaro E that Siemens designed for the Spanish National Railways Renfe.
		A comparison of the main characteristics of the Velaro RUS and the Velaro E. Due to the high ridership on the Moscow – St. Petersburg line, the new trains are required to provide a higher capacity than is customary in European trains.
		Diagram 1 shows the configuration of the single-system trains for 3 kV DC, whereas diagram 2 represents the four dual-system trains for 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC.
	www.siemens.com /index.jsp?sdc_p=ft4mls3uo1431661i1431593pcz3&sdc_bcpath=1327893.s_3,:1431593.s_3,&sdc_sid=9134292574& (790 words)

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