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Topic: 260 BCE

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	500 BCE-300 BCE
		300-232 BCE) became in 270 BCE the ruler of an empire extending from Afghanistan to Bengal, and by further conquests unified nearly all of India.
		Xunzi, or Hsün-tzu, (298-238) BCE was a native of Zhao (Chao), China, becoming a well-recognized scholar and rising to official posts, including that of magistrate.
		Polybius (c.203-122 BCE) was born in Megalopolis, Arcadia, a Greek city that was an active member of the Achaean League.
	www.humanistictexts.org /400-200bce.htm (1189 words)

	africanfront.com (AUF)
		17,000 BCE Barley was being cultivated at Tushka.
		1518 BCE Moses (of the Bible) is born at Memphis Egypt and is adopted by princess Neferubity Thutmosis (sister to Hatshepsut and Thutmosis II).
		327 BCE At Makaranda in Samarkand, Persia, during a drunken rage Alexander murders Cleitus Niger, the African King of Bactria, foster brother of Alexander and commander of the "royal squadron" of the Greek/Macedonian armies under Phillip and Alexander.
	www.africanfront.com /calendar.php (7778 words)

	Science Timeline
		In the second millenium bce, in the Rig-Veda it was maintained the Earth was a globe and in the Yajur-Veda that the Earth circled the Sun.
		About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
		About 260 bce, Aristarchus of Samos, in On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon, used trigonometry to estimate the size of the Moon and its distance by the Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse.
	www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm (6591 words)

	Kidinnu - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Kidinnu or Cidenas was a famous Babylonian astronomer (fourth century BCE?), one of the most important persons in the history of science.
		It was introduced in 503 BCE by Darius the Great (if not earlier), and is often called the cycle of Meton, to commemorate the Greek astronomer who tried to introduce it in the West.
		The Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea (second century BCE) was the first to understand the nature of the precession - using, as a matter of fact, age-old observations made in Babylonia.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Kidinnu (1682 words)

	The Israel Museum, Jerusalem \| Archaeology \| Numismatic Collection
		Only later in the fourth century BCE were real coins struck at Gaza and at other mints in the Holy Land (Ashdod, Ashkelon, Jerusalem, and Samaria).
		During the third century BCE the policy of the Ptolemies was to allow no independent minting, yet surprisingly, Jewish coins, imitating Ptolemaic coins but with Hebrew inscriptions, were struck in Jerusalem.
		Under the Seleucids in the second century BCE, several mints were active in Judea, and after the Hasmonean revolt at the end of the century, Jewish autonomous coins were again struck by at least four different Hasmonean rulers.
	www.imj.org.il /eng/archaeology/numismatics/minting.html (813 words)

	History of Buddhism
		According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546—324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal.
		Before the royal sponsorship of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, Buddhism seems to have remained a relatively minor phenomenon, and the historicity of its formative events is poorly established.
		The Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I invaded India in 180 BCE as far as Pataliputra, establishing an Indo-Greek kingdom that was to last in various part of northern India until the end of the 1st century BCE.
	www.buddhaindex.com /browse.php?cat=273345 (3413 words)

	Maurya Empire information - Search.com
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
		He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the throne and established the Sunga dynasty.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga empire led to a wave of persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
	www.search.com /reference/Maurya_Empire?redir=1 (3208 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		1546-1526 BCE Reign of Amenhotep I; Thuwre appointed Viceroy of Wawat and Kush
		671 BCE Esarhaddon speeds across Sinai with his camel cavalry and meets the Nubian and Egyptian forces of Taharka in the eastern Delta; Taharka is defeated and withdraws from Tanis and retreats to Memphis citadel.
		661 BCE Tanutamun defeated in Memphis and driven from Thebes that is sacked by Ashurbanipal.
	www.thenubian.net /chronology.php (3611 words)

	Heavenly Minds \| Main / HellenisticTimeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In 277 BCE, Antigonos Gonatas crushed a force of Galatians, contributing to their withdrawal from Macedonia, with the result that he was acclaimed King of the Macedonians.
		At Beneventum in 275 BCE, Phyrros was defeated by the Consul Manius Curius.
		However, in 253 BCE, the Ptolemies succeeded in a diplomatic coup, with a seemingly benign peace settlement and the marriage of Berenike, daughter of Ptolemy II to Antiochus II.
	www.innocence.com /games/taci/Main/HellenisticTimeline (3230 words)

	Milton: Of Education - Notes
		A 4th century BCE Athenian statesman, Demosthenes' oratory is reputed to have aroused Athens to repel Phillip of Macedon and his conquering so, Alexander.
		A Greek dramatist of 5th century BCE Athens, Euripides was most famous in Milton's time for his great tragedies, nineteen of which are extant in some form.
		Plato's School was known as the Academy; Isocrates (436 - 338 BCE) assembled a school of one hundred eminent followers from all over the Greek world; Aristotle's school was known as the Lyceum (founded 335 BCE) and numbered Alexander of Macedon among its matriculants.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~milton/reading_room/of_education/notes.shtml (3953 words)

	A CHRONOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT
		771 BCE The Chou dynasty in China is forced to abandon its western capital in Hao, of the Wei River Valley and move its seat eastward to Loyang due to the threat of a barbarian invasion.
		400-300 BCE The Celts settle in the Danube-Sava basin.
		312 BCE Seleucus Nicator, one of Ptolemy's generals in Syria, establishes a kingdom ranging from Syria in the west to India in the east (approximately the scope of the ancient Assyrian or Babylonian Empires) and founds the Seleucid empire.
	www.humanitas-international.org /perezites/archive/timeline.htm (19687 words)

	ANCIENT EGYPT : The rise of Alexandro-Egyptian Hellenism and Hermetism
		Between 30 BCE and 642 CE, Egypt was ruled by the Romans and the Byzantines, before it became Islamic as it still is today.
		In 331 BCE, Alexander founded the city of Alexandria on the isthmus between the ocean and Lake Mariut (traditionally celebrated on the 7th of April).
		The earliest individual horoscope dates from 410 BCE, whereas a cuneiform tabled dated 523 BCE indicates the ability to calculate monthly ephemerides for the Sun and Moon, the conjunctions of the planets and of the planets with each other, and eclipses.
	www.maat.sofiatopia.org /hermes2.htm (15167 words)

	History of Buddhism
		Silver coin of the [[Shakyas (600–500 BCE)]] Main article: Gautama Buddha According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the clan of the Shakyas at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the southern Himalayan town of Lumbini.
		Coin of the [[Hebrew King Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE), with eight-spoked wheel.]] From around 100 BCE, "star within a diadem" symbols, also alternatively described as "eight-spoked wheels" and possibly infuenced by the design of the Buddhist Dharma wheel, appear on the coinage of the Hebrew King Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE).
		A [[Greco-Buddhist statue, one of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Gandhara.]] The Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I invaded India in 180 BCE as far as Pataliputra, establishing an Indo-Greek kingdom that was to last in various part of northern India until the end of the 1st century BCE.
	history-of-buddhism.kiwiki.homeip.net (4838 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Hellenistic World
		Alexander (356-323 BCE): Speech, from Arrian (c.85/90-after 146/6 CE) The Campaigns of Alexander.
		Cicero (105-43 BCE): De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum [At Epicurus] or
		Written by a Greek resident of Alexandria in Egypt during the first century BCE, this text is one of the oldest surviving accounts of the countries on Africa's east coast.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook08.html (884 words)

	Carthage - Classics - Ancient Carthage
		Carthage founded by Tyrian colonists according to Timaeus (350-260 BCE), a historian from Taormina in Sicily historian.
		Under Hamilcar's grandson, Hannibal, Himera is destroyed in 409 BCE.
		He escapes the Roman army sent to stop him, marches across the Alps in the winter, and defeat three consular armies in 218, 217 and 216 BCE.
	www.carthage.edu /outis/carthage3.html (473 words)

	The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 13)
		The destruction of the Temple at Elephantine was the start of a series of anti-Semitic Egyptian uprisings which commenced in 410 BCE and continued until the reign of Artaxerxes II who faced an Egyptian rebellion on his ascension in 404 BCE and in 402 BCE he lost Egypt.
		In 401 BCE he fought a civil war in Persia and, throughout this, the Jews remained loyal accounting for their favourable treatment.
		If the decree was taken from 516 BCE from the reign of Darius 1 to follow on directly from the 70 weeks of years then the end of the prophecy was in 26 BCE which seems to relate to nothing.
	www.logon.org /english/s/p013.html (9024 words)

	Kidinnu, the Chaldaeans, and ancient Babylonian astronomy
		Their tool was the Saros-cycle: this is the period of 223 synodic months (or 18 years and 11.3 days) after which lunar and solar eclipses repeat themselves.
		It was introduced in 503 BCE by Darius I the Great (if not earlier).
		The Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea (second century BCE) was the first to understand the nature of the precession - using, as a matter of fact, Greek translations of age-old observations made in Babylonia.
	www.livius.org /k/kidinnu/kidinnu.htm (1779 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Originally, these beaks were taken from the ships captured in a battle off Antium in 338 BCE, and later replaced and supplemented by beaks from Carthaginian ships in 260 BCE.
		Eventually, the real beaks were also replaced by beaks made especially to be decorative features of this monument.
		The Rostra was an extremely important public location and was often used as a short-hand symbol of political authority, as in this coin of 18 BCE, showing Augustus and Agrippa seated on the Rostra (more information on the Rostra).
	www.vroma.org:7878 /1452 (352 words)

	August
		Shrine of Victoria Virgo on the Palatine, 193 BCE.
		Julius Caesar defeats Pompeius Magnus at Pharsalia, 48 BCE.
		Battle of Bagradas, 49 BCE, where G. Curio was wiped out by a Pompeian army led by Attius Varus and King Juba.
	www.religioromana.net /calendar/calendar-august.htm (1078 words)

	History of Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - History of Buddhism - Sunga persecutions 2nd–1st c.BCE (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		BCE, History of Buddhism - 2nd Buddhist council 383 BCE, History of Buddhism - Ashokan proselytism c.
		BCE, History of Buddhism - 2nd Buddhist council 383 BCE, History of Buddhism - 3rd Buddhist council c.250 BCE, History of Buddhism - Ashokan proselytism c.
		260 BCE, History of Buddhism - Asian expansion, History of Buddhism - Central and Northern Asia, History of Buddhism - Early Buddhism, History of Buddhism - Emergence of the Vajrayana 5th century, History of Buddhism - Expansion of Buddhism to the West, History of Buddhism - Greco-Buddhist interaction 2nd c.
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /a/Sunga_persecutions_2nd1st_cBCE/id/1292506 (489 words)

	Sudan Heads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The scenes in the chapel show military campaigns to the south and the capture of numerous cattle and prisoners.
		And he got up and went: and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem to worship, Was returning, and sitting in his chariot read Isaiah the prophet.
		Nawidemak is portrayed on a pyramid as Osiris, a male god sheltered by the wings of the great goddess Isis.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Sudan_Heads.htm (360 words)

	Segesta, Sicily (Photo Archive)
		The first clashes were in 580-576 BCE, and again in 454 BCE, but later the conflict would have repercussions for all of Sicily.
		Segesta remained an ally of Carthago, it was besieged by Dionysos of Syracuse in 397 BCE, and it was destroyed by Agatocles in 307 BCE, but recovered.
		In 276 BCE the city was allied with Pyrrhus, but changed side in 260 BCE when it surrendered to the Romans.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/46_Segesta.html (547 words)

	Ashoka the Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fragment of the 6th Pillar Edicts of Ashoka (238 BCE), in Brahmi, sandstones.
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka, is recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court at Pataliputra in India:
		Buddhist proselytism at the time of king Ashoka (260-218 BCE), according to his Edicts.
	www.stupidproxy.com /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9Bc2hva2FfVGhlX0dyZWF0 (4554 words)

	asoka
		Beginning around 500 BCE, we traced the achievements of classical Greece, the era of Hellenism ushered in by the expansion of Alexander the Great and ended with the rise and fall of Roman civilization.
		In 260 BCE, Ashoka was still pursuing the goal of uniting India under Mauryan rule, pushing control south.
		Until his death in 232 BCE, Ashoka attempted to rule the Mauryan empire as a Buddhist state, based on the principles of Buddhist dharma and the ideals of non-violence and compassion.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/asoka.htm (1764 words)

	Buddhist History: Buddhism in the Hellenistic World - ReligionFacts
		Later, the Eastern part of the Seleucid Kingdom broke away to form the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (3rd–2nd century BCE), followed by the Indo-Greek Kingdom (2nd–1st century BCE), and later still by the Kushan Empire (1st–3rd century CE).
		The interaction of Greek and Buddhist cultures operated over several centuries until it ended in the 5th century CE with the invasions of the White Huns, and later the expansion of Islam.
		From around 100 BCE, "star within a diadem" symbols, also alternatively described as "eight-spoked wheels" and possibly infuenced by the design of the Buddhist Dharma wheel, appear on the coinage of the Hebrew King Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE).
	www.religionfacts.com /buddhism/history/hellenistic.htm (928 words)

	Asoka1
		After his father’s death, he became in 270 BCE the ruler of an empire extending from Afghanistan to Bengal, and covering the Ganges plain and the Deccan plateau.
		He pushed out the boundaries of his empire during the next decade, conquering Kalinga in 262 BCE.
		He converted to Buddhism in 260 BCE and thenceforth propagated ideals of tolerance, equality, and public service.
	www.humanistictexts.org /asoka.htm (1348 words)

	Kalinga (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kalinga in 265 B.C.E. Kalinga was an ancient empire in central-eastern India.
		This region was scene of the bloody war fought by the Mauryan king Asoka the Great of Magadha around 260 BCE.
		Kharavela was a famous king of Kalinga during the 2nd century BCE, who, according to the Hathigumpha inscription near Bhubaneswar, Orissa, attacked Rajagriha in Magadha, thus inducing the Indo-Greek king Demetrius to retreat to Mathura.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalinga_(India) (407 words)

	History
		With no naval tradition and no experience in ship building and using a grounded Carthaginian ship as a model with crews being trained on the land, Polybius tells us that one hundred quinqueremes were built in only sixty days.
		The first encounter of the two fleets at Mylae off the coast of Sicily in 260 BCE was a Roman victory which was followed by an even more crushing success off Cape Ecnomus when eighty Carthaginian ships were either sunk or captured.
		Further disasters struck Rome when a fleet sent to rescue the survivors was destroyed in a storm and thousands of trained oarsmen were drowned.
	cornellia.fws1.com /first_punic_war.htm (798 words)

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