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Topic: 2600 hertz

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	2600 hertz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2600 Hz is the frequency in hertz (cycles per second) that ATandT formerly put as a steady signal on any long-distance telephone line that was not currently in use.
		Black-Boxes or Blue-Boxes) to generate a 2600 hertz tone on a line that was already in use, making it possible to call anywhere in the world on the line without anyone being charged.
		At one point in the 1960s, packets of the Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal included a free premium: a small whistle that (by coincidence) generated a 2600 hertz signal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2600_hertz (344 words)

	2600: The Hacker Quarterly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		2600: The Hacker Quarterly is a quarterly U.S. publication that specializes in publishing technical information on telephone switching systems, satellite descrambling codes, and news about the computer underground.
		2600 has established the H.O.P.E. (Hackers On Planet Earth) conferences as well as monthly meetings in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.
		Additionally, 2600 has been involved in many court cases related to technology and freedom of speech alongside the Electronic Frontier Foundation, perhaps most sigificantly Universal v.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2600_The_Hacker_Quarterly (300 words)

	AlterNet: 2600 Hackers vs. the Corporate Wet Dream
		In response to accusations that they promote and facilitate illicit behavior, 2600 points to the line separating that which is illegal from discussions of that which is illegal.
		The 2600 community is the kind of fruit forever borne and boasted by open societies.
		This section is also key to the appeal that has been filed in the 2600 case by a team headed by Stanford Law School Dean, Kathleen Sullivan, who is arguing that the DMCA isn't even constitutional.
	www.alternet.org /story.html?StoryID=11251 (2556 words)

	Phonebooth.US - Telephone Sounds
		It is 440 hertz and 480 hertz for 2 seconds followed by 4 seconds of silence.
		The tone consists of four frequencies -- 1400 hertz, 2060 hertz, 2450 hertz and 2600 hertz -- that are on for 0.1 second followed by 0.1 seconds of silence.
		The second tone is either 1370.6 hertz or 1428.5 hertz and the last tone is always 1776.7 hertz (ATandT is frequently credited with referencing July 1776 with that last tone).
	www.phonebooth.us /sounds (421 words)

	[No title]
		Atari 2600 people are advised to hie over to rec.games.video.classic.
		The 2600 hertz tone was simply the first step towards exploring the network.
		Or, let 2600 know via the subscription address that you think 2600 should be in the bookstore.
	www.textfiles.com /internet/FAQ/2600faq.txt (834 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on 2600 - The Hacker Quarterly Magazine at Epinions.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		First and foremost, 2600 was a major player in the release of the political hostage Kevin Mitnick.
		By the way, the answer to the "pop quiz" above is: It is called 2600, because back in the day, one of the signals used internally by the AT&T network (no longer in use) was tone of exactly 2600 hertz.
		Clever people figured out that if you play a 2600 hertz tone into a phone that you are using, you could make free calls (clever, huh?).
	www.epinions.com /content_28538801796 (681 words)

	2600 - a Whatis.com definition
		2600 is the frequency in hertz (cycles per second) that AT&T formerly put as a steady signal on any long-distance telephone line that was not currently in use.
		Cracking the phone system became a hobby for some in the mostly under-20 set who came to be known as phreaks.
		The 2600 Hacker's Quarterly is a magazine devoted to topics related to hacking (meaning cracker) and phreaking.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci211496,00.html (328 words)

	775-2600 Info Page
		Prior to widespread use of out-of-band signaling, AT&T used in-band signaling, meaning that signals about telephone connections were transmitted on the same line as the voice conversations.
		So AT&T put a steady 2600 hertz signal on all free lines.
		Knowing this, certain people developed a way to use a whistle or other device to generate a 2600 hertz tone on a line that was already in use, making it possible to call anywhere in the world on the line without anyone being charged.
	www.dasbistro.com /mailman/listinfo/775-2600 (411 words)

	alt.2600/#hack FAQ (Section D: 2600) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Atari 2600 has NOTHING to do with blue boxes or telephones or the 2600 Hertz tone.
		If you were suc- cessful at getting a toll call to drop, then billing would stop at that point but there would be billing for the number already dialed up until the point of seizure.
		We've been selling 2600 at the same newsstand price ($4) since 1988 and we hope to keep it at that price for as long as we can get away with it.
	www.uni-giessen.de /~gcg7/hack/hack-faq-4.html (424 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Basically, in-band uses a 2600 hertz tone to indicate that a trunk is idle, and thus can accept routing instructions from an "outsider".
		To box a call, the criminal blasts 2600 down the line after making a long distance call.
		This means that you can blast 2600 hertz tones all you like.
	www.hackcanada.com /ice3/2600/2600_02-11.txt (490 words)

	LiP \| Feature \| 2600 and Co. vs. the Corporate Wet Dream
		2600, the Hacker Quarterly, is named after a prize once distributed in Captain Crunch cereal—a whistle which chimed a 2600-hertz tone.
		What piqued the interest of phreakers (phone hackers) was discovering that over a long distance connection, the cheap plastic whistle's pitch granted "operator mode"—carte blanche to the telephone system.
		o flip through 2600 is to discover a trade journal like any other.
	www.lipmagazine.org /articles/featlane_117.shtml (2454 words)

	New York Hackers: The New Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		2600: The Hacker Quarterly, a magazine considered to be the Bible of hacking and phreaking, 55 similar
		Over the course of four months, I attended the New York 2600 meetings and met dozens of hackers with varying levels of skill, a handful of whom I interviewed extensively.
		Though I was never allowed to witness any actual acts of hacking, the people I interviewed described in exacting detail incidents involving the intrusion of several computer systems on the Internet through the use of well-documented security flaws.
	www.arik.org /hack/md1.html (698 words)

	CNN.com - Timeline: A 40-year history of hacking - November 19, 2001
		The hacker magazine 2600 begins regular publication, followed a year later by the online 'zine Phrack.
		The editor of 2600, "Emmanuel Goldstein" (whose real name is Eric Corley), takes his handle from the main character in George Orwell's "1984." Both publications provide tips for would-be hackers and phone phreaks, as well as commentary on the hacker issues of the day.
		Today, copies of 2600 are sold at most large retail bookstores.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/TECH/internet/11/19/hack.history.idg (1537 words)

	Getting Around in Europe - A Guide to Installations and Services
		So, when you are off-duty the next Hertz location will be close to you.
		Hertz Europe is pleased to offer special rates for Government and Military Personnel.
		These rates are valid for active or retired personnel and their eligible family members of any country, upon presentation of a valid I.D. card or letter of authorization.
	www.gettingaround.net /shtml/storefronts/hertz.shtml (178 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To box a call, a phreaker blasts 2600 down the line after making a long distance call.
		The idle tone is 3200 hertz, as opposed to 2600 for in-band.
		This means you can blast 2600 hertz tones all you like, and it won't do a thing because the equipment is no longer listening for them.
	www.textfiles.com /phreak/BLUEBOXING/deadblue.phk (480 words)

	DeCSS/2600 Court of Appeals Decision
		His web site is an auxiliary to the print magazine, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, which Corley has been publishing since 1984.7 As the name suggests, the magazine is designed for "hackers," as is the web site.
		While the magazine and the web site cover some issues of general interest to computer users--such as threats to online privacy--the focus of the publications is on the vulnerability of computer security systems, and more specifically, how to exploit that vulnerability in order to circumvent the security systems.
		Defendant 2600 Enterprises, Inc., is the company Corley incorporated to run the magazine, maintain the web site, and manage related endeavors like merchandising.
	www.2600.com /news/112801-files/universal.html (11268 words)

	Secret Stuff
		The blue box worked by mimicking sounds that the phone system used for signaling, in particular, a 2600 hertz tone.
		This number was well-known among phone hackers, and so when it came time to choose a name for a general hackers magazine, it was called "2600".
		2600 covers subjects such as phreaking, hacking, cellular phones, scanners, hardware, credit cards, and much more secret stuff than you are ever supposed to know.
	www.harley.com /yp/categories/secretstuff/items.html (1749 words)

	MPAA v. 2600 - Court of Appeals Second Circuit Decision
		His web site is an auxiliary to the print magazine, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, which Corley has been publishing since 1984.
		One such user reportedly discovered that the sound of a toy whistle from a box of Cap'n Crunch cereal matched the telephone company's 2600 hertz tone perfectly.
		At an earlier stage of the litigation, the action was settled as to Reimerdes and Kazan.
	cyber.law.harvard.edu /openlaw/DVD/NY/appeals/opinion.html (12025 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He and his company, defendant 2600 Enterprises, Inc., together publish a magazine called 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, which Corley founded in 1984, and which is something of a bible to the hacker community.
		The name "2600" was derived from the fact that hackers in the 1960's found that the transmission of a 2600 hertz tone over a long distance trunk connection gained access to "operator mode" and allowed the user to explore aspects of the telephone system that were not otherwise accessible.
		Not surprisingly, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly has included articles on such topics as how to steal an Internet domain name, access other people's e-mail, intercept cellular phone calls, and break into the computer systems at Costco stores and Federal Express.
	www.law.wayne.edu /litman/classes/cyber/2001/decss2.html (5090 words)

	Universal v. Reimerdes, 111 F.Supp.2d 294 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)
		[FN36] He and his company, defendant 2600 Enterprises, Inc., together publish a magazine called 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, which Corley founded in 1984, [FN37] and which is something of a bible to the hacker community.
		[FN38] The name "2600" was derived from the fact that hackers in the 1960's found that the transmission of a 2600 hertz tone over a long distance trunk connection gained access to "operator mode" and allowed the user to explore aspects of the telephone system that were not otherwise accessible.
		Not surprisingly, 2600: The Hacker Quarterly has included articles on such topics as how to steal an Internet domain name, [FN41] access other people's e-mail, [FN42] intercept cellular phone calls, [FN43] and break into the computer systems *309 at Costco stores [FN44] and Federal Express.
	cyber.law.harvard.edu /openlaw/DVD/NY/trial/op.html (12457 words)

	Phreaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This stopped the billing of the long distance charges so John could then talk on the phone to people in different states for free.
		The 2600 hertz tone that was reffered to earlier is where 2600 Hacker Quarterly got its name from.
		Other devices that do the similar thing today are known as red boxes, which are easily built from available parts at electronic stores.
	www.wiu.edu /users/mucwf/phreaks.htm (297 words)

	[No title]
		This case is perhaps even more strange and flamboyant than the Napster lawsuit, even with its retinue of rock stars.
		It involves a suit by the major motion picture studios against Eric Corley, editor of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly.
		His magazine is named after 2600 hertz tone that hackers used in the 1960s to gain access to operator mode in what was then the Bell Telephone network's long distance system.
	www.fastwater.com /Library/General/Napster/what_napster1.htm (1282 words)

	alt.2600 FAQ
		Occasionally, the complaint comes up that usenet groups with all-number components to their names (such as the "2600" in alt.2600) are bad for certain (old) usenet servers - this especially becomes an issue when new groups to the alt.2600.* hierarchy are created.
		We would like to point out that this issue is dated and hardly applies to the real world anymore, as most newsservers now have no problem with all-number name components, and that complaining often does little more than exemplify incompetence.
		A note from Emmanuel Goldstein: "We've been selling 2600 at the same newsstand price ($4) since 1988 and we hope to keep it at that price for as long as we can get away with it.
	project.cyberpunk.ru /idb/alt.2600_faq.html (13689 words)

	CS 485 - Computers In Society
		John Draper discovers that a toy whistle bundled with "Captain Crunch" cereal produces the exact 2600 hertz tones required to make long-distance calls for free.
		After earning the handle "Captain Crunch", Draper is arrested repeatedly for phone tempering throughout the 1970s.
		Shortly thereafter, Esquire magazine publishes "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" with instructions for making a blue box, and wire fraud in the United States escalates.
	www.iit.edu /~prokjos/hacking/1972.html (127 words)

	Phone Phreaking
		One time he started whistling a tune while listening to the message, and he was cut off.
		Around 1971 a Vietnam vet named John Draper discovered that the giveaway whistle in Cap'n Crunch cereal boxes perfectly reproduced a 2600 Hertz tone.
		Identify yourself at meetings, etc. as a 2600 member by dangling your keychain and saying nothing.
	www.telephonetribute.com /phonephreaking.html (1074 words)

	The history of computer hacking. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		John Draper, formerly known as Cap'n Crunch builds a "blue box", in conjunction with the 2600 hertz, to make free phone calls.
		He was given his name because he found that the whistle in a box of Captain Crunch cereal produces exactly a 2600 hertz tone that accesses AT&T's long-distance switching system.
		Phone phreaks begin to get into computers, and the first bulletin board systems are made.
	schoolweb.missouri.edu /ashland.k12.mo.us/sc/02page (1462 words)

	95-08-10: Phreak -- Getting under Ma Bell's skirt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Little machines that could emulate specific system tones ("blue boxes" issued a 2600 hertz tone) were relatively common.
		In 1972, radical California mag Ramparts published plans for a "mute box" -- which allowed you to receive long-distance calls without cost to either party.
		Phrack and 2600 have their roots in a publication called the Technical Assistance Program (TAP) -- which itself evolved out of the Greenwich Village Youth International Party Line -- the party organ, if you will.
	www.kkc.net /eyenet/1995/net0810.htm (807 words)

	TLC :: Hackers: Hackers' Hall of Fame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Unusual tools: The toy whistle from boxes of Cap'n Crunch cereal.
		The whistle reproduced the 2600 hertz tone necessary to authorize a call.
		Used in conjunction with a bluebox, it allowed users to make free phone calls.
	tlc.discovery.com /convergence/hackers/bio/bio_03.html (193 words)

	Appellate Decision in Universal v. Reimerdes (NY 2600/DeCSS Case) (Nov. 28, 2001)
		ERIC CORLEY, also known as Emmanuel Goldstein, and 2600 ENTERPRISES INC.,
		Before: NEWMAN and CABRANES, Circuit Judges, and THOMPSON, District Judge.
		For detailed information concerning DVDs and CDs, see "Fast Guide to CD/DVD" at
	www.eff.org /IP/Video/MPAA_DVD_cases/20011128_ny_appeal_decision.html (12161 words)

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