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Topic: 26th of July Movement

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	Fidel Castro - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Castro’s guerrilla movement would be called the 26th of July Movement after the date of the assault on the barracks.
		While fighting in the mountains, the 26th of July Movement was bombed by U.S. planes.
		When guerrilla units led by the 26th of July Movement's Che Guevara attacked the city of Santa Clara in December 1958, Batista's forces crumbled.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761564308___2/Fidel_Castro.html (937 words)

	The Revolutionary Movement
		From its ranks a movement of new type was born and at its head was Fidel Castro (Birán, 1926), a young lawyer who had performed his first political activities within the University and the Orthodox party.
		Such circumstance was used by the mass movement, which in 1955 had significantly increased its pressure to obtain the liberation of political prisoners ¾ including the participants in the Moncada Garrison attack ¾ and made workers strikes, particularly in the sugar industry sector.
		The members of the 26th of July movement in Santiago de Cuba, under the command of Frank País had prepared an uprising as a backup for the landing, but, as the landing had been programmed for two days before, the uprising had ended in an unfortunate failure.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/cuba/movement.htm (1213 words)

	Cuba..socialist paradise or Castro's fiefdom? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 26th of July Movement was born out of an attack on the Moncada military barracks in 1953.
		The movement really grew during the subsequent trial where Castro successfully gave the impression of the July Movement as being nationalists who would no longer be restrained.
		The July 26th Movement grew in prestige from the trial of the Moncada attackers.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ws93/cuba40.html (2243 words)

	Rise to Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Movement, or the M-26-7, began on that day in 1953 with an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks led by Fidel Castro.
		Movement were intransigent in their summons for national regeneration.
		Perez-Stable points to the extremes of wealth and poverty to be found in Cuba, as a result of the sugar monoculture perpetuated by the U.S. For her and Paterson, the revolution is justifiable because it would vastly improve the lives of Cubans.
	www.trincoll.edu /~jdivney/rise.htm (2084 words)

	26th of July Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its name originated from the failed attack on the Moncada Barracks, an army facility in the city of Santiago de Cuba, on July 26, 1953.
		The movement was reorganized in Mexico in 1955 by a group of 82 exiled revolutionaries (including Fidel and his brother Raúl Castro, as well as the Argentinian Che Guevara).
		Some members of the movement remaining in Cuba carried out acts of sabotage and acted as provocation there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/26th_of_July_Movement (358 words)

	Cuba 26 July Movement 1953
		The 26th of July Movement in Cuba 1953
		This was the guerrilla movement and rallying cry of Fidel Castro (1926-) as he sought to gain support of the Cuban people for the overthrow of Cuba's dictator Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar (1901-73).
		July 26, 1953, commemorates the day on which Castro and about 200 young Cuban rebels attacked the Moncada army barracks at Santiago, Cuba.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/cite/cuba1953.htm (306 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		The Directorio and the 26th of July denounced attempts at conciliation.
		Pérez 1993: "The Pact of Caracas [July 1958] established Fidel Castro as the principal leader of the anti-Batista movement and the rebel army as main arm of the revolution.
		The 26 of July Movement rejected the coup and demanded unconditional surrender to the rebel army.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/cuba/1952.html (9545 words)

	Cuba - Political Flags
		The Movement adopted this name as it was on 26 July 1953 that the struggle began to evict the tyrant from the Presidency.
		From that point to the final victory, the 26 July Movement become known the length and breadth of the country, its emblem stuck on doors and windows as a sign of approval.
		That was probably the 26 July Movement flag that was used by the revolutionaries.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/cu}.html (1784 words)

	Huber Matos
		In the early spring of 1959, many began to question why so many communists were being assigned to leading positions in the new government, bypassing members of Castro's own "26th of July Movement." Matos was one of them.
		In July, he made various anti-communist speeches in Camagüey, and began to share his suspicions that the Communists were about to hijack the Revolution.
		Unable to discuss his "concerns" with Castro, Matos and other Army officers (including the head of the "26th of July Movement" in Camagüey) resigned their posts on October 19 1959.
	www.historyofcuba.com /history/havana/HMatos.htm (985 words)

	Cuba SST unit -- Summer 2003 -- International Education at Goshen College
		On July 26, 1953, at the peak of Santiago's raucous annual carnival, they struck at the Moncada barracks, but were defeated.
		The movement now took its name from the date of this first attack, the 26th of July.
		The flag of the 26th of July movement is displayed over the graves of those who died in the revolution.
	www.goshen.edu /sst/cuba03/cu11.shtml (535 words)

	Cuba POLITICAL PARTIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fidel Castro came to power through a coalition group known as the 26th of July Movement.
		The PSP condemned his early attempts at insurrection as "putschism," and did not support the 26th of July Movement until it had reached its final stages in 1958.
		By 1962, the 26th of July Movement, the Student Revolutionary Directorate, and the PSP had merged into the Integrated Revolutionary Organization (Organización Revolucionaria Integrada), which, in turn, gave way to the United Party of the Socialist Revolution (Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista) and, in 1965, to the Cuban Communist Party (Partido Comunista Cubano—PCC).
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Cuba-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html (297 words)

	castro1
		Wednesday, July 26, Year 2000 marks the formal beginning of Fidel Castro's rise to Communist-enforced power in Cuba via his infamous "26th of July Movement." It is well to consider what it has done to U.S.-Cuban relations.
		Back to Cuba in 1953, it was on the 26th of July that, with his younger brother Raul, he launched his "26th of July Movement" by leading a small band of young Cubans in a failed attack on Dictator Batista's Moncada barracks and civil buildings in Santiago, Baymo and Siboney.
		The objective of that failed attack was, of course, the hope of inspiring a general uprising against Batista in Castro's native Oriente Province.
	members.tripod.com /Cubanas/castro1.html (1142 words)

	History of Cuba
		On July 26, 1953 Castro led a failed attack on the Moncada army barracks near Santiago de Cuba and was jailed until 1955, when his powerful family secured a pardon from Batista.
		While in Mexico, he organized the 26th of July Movement with the goal of overthrowing Batista.
		The country was soon driven to chaos, particularly by a very effective sabotage and urban warfare campaign conducted in the cities by supporters of Castro.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Cuba.html (1892 words)

	Fidel Castro and the 26th of July Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 26th of July is the most sacred day of Cuba's communist revolution, commemorating 51 years since that fateful day that began the insurrection against Fulgencio Batista.
		The date of the Moncada Barracks attack, July 26, 1953, would give Fidel Castro the name of his organization, the 26th of July movement, and would become the most sacred date of communist Cuba.
		On July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro, along with his brother Raúl, led an attack on a remote outpost, the Moncada Barracks, in Oriente province, the easternmost province of Cuba.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2004/7/27/110928.shtml (2646 words)

	American Experience \| Fidel Castro \| People & Events \| PBS
		Matos went on to become a member of the 26th of July Movement urban underground, and later joined Castro's rebel army in the Sierra Maestra.
		But a lot of the young men who had joined the 26th of July had been my students, so on the one hand was Celia, on the other hand the boys...
		By July, Castro had accused President Urrutia of "actions bordering treason" and replaced him with Osvaldo Dorticós, an obscure lawyer who was blindly loyal to Fidel.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/castro/peopleevents/e_moderates.html (1655 words)

	II Journal: Cuba's Revolution and Exodus
		Those who joined the dissident movement (which eventually emerged in Cuba as an organized political force in the mid-1980s) found themselves repudiated and shunned by even the most intimate of family and friends.
		The Manifesto of the 26th of July Movement spoke of a social and democratic revolution and expressed a social populism that had long been a part of Cuban history.
		As a student at the university, Rafael Peláez became part of the Action and Sabotage Unit of the 26th of July Movement, whose tasks quickly progressed from burning the sugar cane fields, to placing bombs in the city, to killing Batista's soldiers.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol5no2/pedraza.htm (3082 words)

	The men who left the 26th of July movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Now once more Castro will be in the center where he will recount in a three- or four-hour speech (if he can endure that long) the glories of that 26th of July and the events that led up to the great victory on Jan. 1, 1959, when the revolution took over from the Batista regime.
		The democratic members of the movement who fought side by side with him in the Sierra Maestra mountains and were in the underground in the cities and towns are dead, in jail or in exile.
		He refused, was given a dishonorable discharge and then joined the 26th of July movement.
	www.sigloxxi.org /Archivo/menleft.htm (931 words)

	Rise to Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The measures taken by Castro and explicitly stated by him at his trial in 1954, from the very beginning of his anti-Batista movement illustrate his initial desires to reform Cuba and ultimately increase its standard of living.
		By understanding how Castro’s movement began and how it evolved, one can note the key components of the changes and reforms being demanded of the Cuban government during the 1950’s.
		of July Movement accurately accuse the Batista of corrupts dealings along with neglecting to repair the flaws within Cuba’s economic and political structure.
	www.trincoll.edu /~cdonasci/riseto.htm (2134 words)

	Some died or just faded away
		In July 1959, he went on radio to warn that Communists were infiltrating the government.
		Huber Matos -- A 26th of July comandante, he was arrested personally by Castro in October 1959 after he objected vehemently about the spread of Communism in the government.
		Haydee Santamaria -- An early Castro supporter who ran the 26th of July's office in Miami and was a major fund-raiser, she was the wife of culture minister Armando Hart, a member of the Central Committee and head of Casa de las Americas, the government's main cultural center and publishing house.
	www.christusrex.org /www2/fcf/somediedorfadedaway.html (2209 words)

	JULY 26th LEAFLET 1958 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On July 26, 1953, a group of young men launched an attack on the "Moncada" barracks in Santiago, province cowardly slain after the fight had ended.
		The movement of the 26th of July has decided to commemorate this month of the Revolution, by doing something that would honor the ideals of those who offered their valiant lives.
		You have to take a small part in this heroic fight, you have to show that the pains of the oppressed fatherland are your own, and that the death of your brothers on the bloody fields of your country, deeply hurts your pride.
	cuban-exile.com /doc_026-050/doc0037.html (358 words)

	Anarcho Coronado - dKosopedia
		After serving in various important posts in movements, Coronado left Mexico in 1950 with the hope of fomenting revolutions in other countries, first in Colombia and later again in Mexico, where he was captured and allegedly executed by the Mexican Army.
		During his term as commander of the guerrilla unit from 1959-1963, he oversaw the recruits of what some estimate to be approximately 500 political prisoners and regime opponents.
		An active participant in the economic and social reforms brought about by Benito and Anarcho's movement, he became known in the north for his outspoken opposition to all forms of imperialism and capitalism.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Anarcho_Coronado (1168 words)

	INTERVIEW WITH ERNESTO BETANCOURT, FORMER RADIO MARTI DIRECTOR
		EB: As soon as I started making declarations on behalf of the 26th of July Movement, I was approached by the FBI and told that I had to register as a Foreign Agent at the Justice Department, or I would be violating the Foreign Agent Registration Act.
		The accuser was a Movement member and claimed he had spoken on emotion, but after I confronted him with the letter, he was disconcerted.
		EB: Psychologically, I broke with the regime in July, 1959 when, during a regular meeting with the economic cabinet at the National Bank, Castro confided with us that he was getting ready to dismiss Dr. Manuel Urrutia, the President he himself had installed in power.
	www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org /oagaq109.php (3690 words)

	Cuba History: Resources from the Lost Luggage Tales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Many political figures and movements that wanted a return to the government according to the Constitution of 1940 disputed Batista's undemocratic rule.
		On July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro, who had been involved in increasingly violent political activity before Batista's coup, led a failed attack on the Moncada army barracks in Santiago de Cuba in which more than 100 died.
		There he organized the 26th of July Movement with the goal of overthrowing Batista, and the group sailed to Cuba on board the yacht Granma, landing in the eastern part of the island in December 1956.
	www.lostluggagetales.com /resources/cuba-history.shtml (752 words)

	Free People's Movement - Freedom, Justice, Equality: Celebrate the 53rd anniversary of the outset of Cuban Revolution!
		A young lawyer and political activist, Fidel Castro, brought together a number of young people who were dedicated to the overthrow of the U.S.-backed dictator Batista and reinstatement of the Cuban constitution in 1953.
		Fidel and the others in prison built their movement, the “26th of July Movement” with the help of supporters throughout Cuba.
		By 1959, the 26th of July Movement would rally the Cuban workers and farmers to overthrow the butcher Batista and establish a socialist republic.
	www.freepeoplesmovement.org /fpm/page.php?163 (261 words)

	The Story of the Armored Train
		On July 26th 1953 Castro and a group of like-minded guerillas attacked the Moncada army barracks, resulting in his own version of the Beer Hall Putsch.
		His 26th of July movement gets a lot of the credit for creating the conditions that forced Batista to leave the country but the fact is that there were many groups in Cuba working towards this end.
		With those weapons Guevara and the 26th of July forces would be much better armed than the rest of the Rebel groups.
	www.trenblindado.com /Story.html (5500 words)

	Fidel Castro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On July 26, 1953, Castro led 160 fellow revolutionaries in an attack against the Moncada army barracks in Santiago de Cuba, capturing weapons and supplies and encouraging the civilian population to rally to his cause.
		The 26th of July movement gained followers and momentum as much from the excesses and cruelty of Batista as from Castro’s activities.
		During Castro’s two years in the mountains, his movement gained sufficient strength, primarily from those abandoning the current government, to force Batista to flee Cuba on January 1, 1959.
	www.carpenoctem.tv /military/castro.html (956 words)

	In from the cold
		Neither was he a member of Castro’s 26th of July Movement.
		But after his arrest, he was approached by a 26th of July leader, and he began, as he testified, “to cooperate by selling bonds and collecting funds for the organization.
		He gained further favor with the Castro movement after he went to the United States in 1956, got a job at an insurance company in New York and began raising money and arms for Castro’s guerrilla war in the Sierra Maestra.
	www.columbiatribune.com /2006/Sep/20060928News008.asp (2962 words)

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