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Mauryan dynasty

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	Maurya Empire Summary
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of Alexander's troops to go further east: he returned to Babylon, and he re-deployed most of his troops west of the Indus river.
		He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade, by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the throne and established the Sunga dynasty.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga empire led to a wave of persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
	www.bookrags.com /Maurya_Empire (3766 words)

	Science Timeline
		In the second millenium bce, in the Rig-Veda it was maintained the Earth was a globe and in the Yajur-Veda that the Earth circled the Sun.
		About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
		By about 335 bce, Aristotle had said that universals are abstractions from particulars and that we "have knowledge of a scientific fact when we can prove that it could not be otherwise." But "since observation never shows whether this is the case," he established "reason rather observation at the center of scientific effort" (Park 1990:32).
	www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm (6591 words)

	[No title]
		1000-600 BCE: India - During this period of Indian civilization, the Late Vedic period, the Aryans are integrated into Indian culture.
		540 BCE: India - Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, is born.
		250 BCE: India - A general council of Buddhist monks is held in Patna, where the canon of Buddhist scriptures is selected.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/inpage.htm (420 words)

	My Year! 273 BCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Vestal Virgin Sextilia was buried alive in 273 BCE.
		In 273 BCE, a Latin colony was established at Paestum.
		Also in 273 BCE, the Romans make peace with the inhabitants of Caere.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/myyear/031505myyearcorrect.html (51 words)

	Maurya Empire information - Search.com
		Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic plains of modern Bihar and Bengal and its capital city of Pataliputra (near modern Patna), the Empire was founded in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and began expanding his power across central and western India.
		When Alexander the Great conquered the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent in 326 BCE, he allied with king Ambhi of Taxila (called Taxiles or Omphis in Greek sources), and with his support managed to subdue king Porus of Pauravas, a state of eastern Punjab, defeating him at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
	www.search.com /reference/Maurya_Empire (3203 words)

	India, 320 BCE to 120 CE
		In an effort to combat the drought, Chandragupta, in 301 BCE, abdicated in favor of one of his sons, Bindusara, and he withdrew with the Jainist sage to a religious retreat in India's southwest.
		In 185 BCE, the rule of the Mauryan family ended when an army commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga, murdered the last Mauryan king during a parade of his troops.
		From 141 to 128 BCE the Scythians were able to push into lush, agricultural Bactria, against the Greeks there, who were already weakened by warfare.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch13.htm (5246 words)

	The Great Stupa of Sanchi
		It is part of an entire complex of structures, mostly stupas, built between the 3rd Century BCE and the 12th Century AD.
		Ashoka Maurya (273 - 236 BCE) was the most famous of the Buddhist rulers of India.
		A stupa was built on the spot in the 3rd Century BCE.
	rogershepherd.com /WIW/solution12/stupa.html (1180 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Ancient Legal Texts
		Code of Hammarabi c.1780 BCE [This Site][Full Text, with introductions]
		Code of Hammarabi c.1780 BCE extracts [At WSU]
		Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook-law.html (1373 words)

	Heavenly Minds \| Main / HellenisticTimeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 277 BCE, Antigonos Gonatas crushed a force of Galatians, contributing to their withdrawal from Macedonia, with the result that he was acclaimed King of the Macedonians.
		At Beneventum in 275 BCE, Phyrros was defeated by the Consul Manius Curius.
		However, in 253 BCE, the Ptolemies succeeded in a diplomatic coup, with a seemingly benign peace settlement and the marriage of Berenike, daughter of Ptolemy II to Antiochus II.
	www.innocence.com /games/taci/Main/HellenisticTimeline (3232 words)

	Mauryan dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mauryan dynasty ruled the Mauryan empire, the first unified empire of India, from 322 BCE to 183 BCE.
		Chandragupta Maurya (322 - 298 BCE) - founder of the Mauryan empire.
		Brhadrata (187 - 185 BCE) - last Mauryan ruler, assassinated by his general Pusyamitra Sunga, who ascended the throne and founded the Sunga dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mauryan_dynasty (195 words)

	EAWC: The Complete Chronology
		Most begin their political histories as monarchies, evolve to oligarchies, are overthrown during the age of the tyrants (650-500 BCE) and eventually establish democracies in the sixth and fifth centuries.
		He is condemned to death in 399 BCE on the charges of corrupting the youth and introducing new gods into Greek thought.
		Both Epicurus (342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/index2.htm (6231 words)

	Gandhara
		In the sixth to fourth centuries BCE Gandhara was dominated under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Iran.
		The successors of Alexander the Great maintained themselves in Bactria and Gandhara from 322 BCE to about 50 BCE, however, as early as the second century BCE these Greek Dynasties were already overrun by peoples of both nomadic and Parthian-Iranian origin.
		Rejoined to India under the Maurya Dynasty, the Gandhara province became the object of intense missionary activity by the Buddhist emperor Asoka (reigned c.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/gandhara.shtml (1480 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Weddings, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		In 211 BCE, Artabanus I became ruler and increased Parthian domains over his rule, including the annexation of the Iranian Plateau and Tigris/Euphrates River Valley.
		In 92 BCE, Mithridates II struck the first treaty between Parthia and Rome wehre Euphrates was established as a mutual boundary.
		In 53 BCE, the Parthians won against the Romans and beheaded Crassus, the Roman Emperor.
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/history/sassanid.cfm (766 words)

	Newsletter ...10-1-2002
		The appearance of Buddha images was not until around the first century BCE and their function was originally similar to that of the stupa - relic containers in the first instance and then becoming 'reminding relics' in their own right.
		His presence was originally indicated by footprints, by a standing woman (his mother) representing his birth, a tree the Enlightenment, a wheel the Doctrine and the First Sermon, and the stupa his death.
		The lack of human cult images until the last centuries BCE was common to all classical Indian religions.
	www.urbandharma.org /udnl/nl100102.html (7322 words)

	Paestum
		According to mythology, the city was founded by Jason and the Argonauts, but their voyage is estimated to have taken place around 1300 BCE, with the first written account appearing about 800 BCE, while Paestum was founded about 600 BCE.
		In 273 BCE, Poseidonia became a Latin colony and was thereafter called Paestum.
		Constructed around 460 BCE, around the same time as the Parthenon in Athens, it was the last temple built in Poseidonia.
	www.molgen.mpg.de /~spang/christina/paestum.htm (918 words)

	Week 2 Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From its intake to the Salinae at the Porta Trigemina, its channel has a length of 11,190 paces [16.6 km], of which 11,130 paces run underground, while above ground sixty paces are carried on substructures and, near the Porta Capena, on arches....
		One hundred and twenty-seven years later, that is in the six hundred and eighth year from the founding of the City [145 BCE],...
		50 BCE], which is entitled "Concerning Waters." And would that we were not having daily experience by actual infringement of the law that all these misdemeanors are committed just as flagrantly now as then.
	e3.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/week2c.html (5712 words)

	Buddhist Symbols
		The historical Buddha lived around the sixth century BCE, but no Buddhist artifacts are known from before the third century BCE.
		In the second century BCE, people started to excavate Buddhist monasteries in rock, creating a large amount of artwork to withstand the ages.
		With the appearance of Buddhist Tantra around the 6th century, a wealth of new artwork and symbolism appeared, as imagination and visualization form a major technique in meditation practices.
	buddhism.kalachakranet.org /general_symbols_buddhism.html (4355 words)

	Battle Summaries for Chinese Military History - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		In 403 BCE, King Weilie of the Zhou dynasty officially enfeoffs the rulers of Han, Zhao and Wei as feudal lords (thus officially dividing the former state of Jin in three).
		In 389 BCE, the Qin army invades Wei and advances to Xihe 西河 (a city garrisoned by Wu Qi).
		In 343 BCE, Zhao attacks Shouyuan 首垣 (northeast of Changyuan 长垣 in Henan) in Wei.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9693 (5973 words)

	December
		12 Pridie Idus Dec EN: Consus on the Aventine (273 BCE?), the god of horses celebrated by a parade of riders, their horses decked in flowers, and led by a Rex Equus.
		17 XVI Kal Ian NP: SATURNALIA Feriae, originally a single feastday for the dedication of a temple to Saturnus on the Capitoline Hill in 497 BCE, in 217 BCE the festival was reorganized and expanded.
		Diana in the Circus Flaminium (179); Iuno Regina in the Circus Flaminium (179 BCE); Tempestatibus at the Portus Capena(259 BCE).
	www.religioromana.net /calendar/calendar-december.htm (781 words)

	Taoism and the Arts of China
		According to Sima Qian (146–86 BCE) in his Shi ji (Records of the Historian), Laozi was a custodian of the imperial archives, an older contemporary of Confucius (some say the Lao in Laozi means "old," while others regard it simply as a family name), who retired to the west in his old age.
		Some scholars, particularly in mainland China, have dated Laozi in the fourth or third centuries BCE; others have held to the traditional dates (usually given as 604-531); and still others (especially in the West) have insisted that Laozi is a purely legendary figure who never existed at all.
		It is generally agreed that Zhuangzi was a historical figure whose life probably spanned much of the fourth century BCE; he is said to have been a cleric in a lacquer workshop.
	www.rightreading.com /writing/taoism-and-the-arts-of-china.htm (3660 words)

	Dube: World Civilizations to 1500, Encounters
		century BCE), and the Chinese minister the Duke of Zhou (ca.
		We will be honored by the presence of several distinguished religious figures and rulers they influenced.
		BCE 273-237), Vardhamana Mahavira (the great Jain teacher, 6th century, B.C.), and Kumarapala (r.
	home.pacbell.net /cdube/worldciv1/encounters.htm (963 words)

	Indian Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1500 BCE: they enslaved the indigenous population (referred to as “Shindu,” “Dasi”).
		The Maurya Dynasty (322-185 BCE) and the Advent of Buddhism.
		Ashoka (273-232 BCE): appropriated Buddhism as the State religion.
	staff.jccc.net /Thoare/145india.htm (160 words)

	East Asia Timeline
		1500 Aryan invasions of the Indian subcontinent (until 1200 BCE); composition of the earliest hymns of the Rig Veda in India
		237 Ashoka (273-237 BCE), emperor of India, significant patron of Buddhism
		100 The Bhagavad Gita composed sometime between 100 BCE and 100 CE Hsin dynasty in China (9-23 CE)
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~eshaw/asiatime.htm (835 words)

	ANCIENT EGYPT : The Cannibal Hymn in the tomb of Pharaoh Unis
		It consists of two spells (Pyramid Texts 273 and 274) inscribed on the East gable of the antechamber of the tomb of Pharaoh Unis (Unas or Wenis, ca.
		But although words could be joined together in simple sentences and the latter in pragmatical groups (dealing with honors and gifts, offices, legacies, inventories, testaments, transfers, endowments, etc.), the additive, archaic quality of the literary style was pronounced.
		Remoteness as the essence of the divine is hence testified ca.2.300 BCE.
	maat.sofiatopia.org /cannibal.htm (11673 words)

	Gandhara Kingdom - Indian History
		In the sixth to fourth centuries BCE Gandhara was dominated under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Iran.
		The successors of Alexander the Great maintained themselves in Bactria and Gandhara from 322 BCE to about 50 BCE.
		Rejoined to India under the Maurya Dynasty, the Gandhara province became the object of intense missionary activity by the Buddhist emperor Asoka (reigned c.
	www.gloriousindia.com /history/gandhara_kingdom.html (187 words)

	Ancient Rome On Parade
		Both the Virgo and the Julia were built by Marcus Agrippa to add to the Roman drinking water supply (Julia) and as a water source for his baths (Virgo).
		It was built in the 6th century BCE and restored in the 1st century BCE.
		The Temple of Hercules Victor was built by an olive oil merchant in the 2nd century BCE.
	www.accesscom.com /~arz/travels/rome_2000/aqueducts.html (1804 words)

	INDEX OF SAGES & BOOKS
		BCE is used for "Before the Common Era" instead of a negative value; CE denotes the Common Era, which began in the year 3760 of Creation.
		Sefer Yetzira, Kabbala work is attributed to Avraham, which, according to some, was finally redacted by Rabbi Akiva.
		3488 (273 BCE) (possibly a son of Jeremiah the Prophet) -- writer of aphorisms and mystical insights in the early Second Temple era in a book called "Wisdom of Sira." See A. Kaplan, Sefer Yetzira Intro., Pp.
	www.kabbalaonline.org /staticpages/indexofsages.asp (2869 words)

	M&D Chapter 8 - Pyrrhonism
		Thus, we have the term "skeptic" which means literally "investigator." Socrates said that he was wise because he knew that he knew nothing; the later skeptics said they did not even know that they knew nothing.
		Arcesilaus' philosophical method is the Socratic procedure updated to take account of the state of philosophy in the third century BCE.
		He says that there is no criterion of truth and thus one should withhold assent on all matters (epochê).
	members.cox.net /platos-academy/chapters/MD_08.html (7471 words)

	Untitled Document
		3 Apulu of the Portonaccio Temple, 5’11”, 510-500 BCE, Veii
		In 509 BCE the Romans expelled the Etruscan kings who had up to then ruled the city, and replaced that monarchy with a republican form of government.
		In 474 BCE an alliance between Cumaen Greeks and the ruler of Syracuse (Sicily) defeated and destroyed the power of the Etruscan fleet, ending Etruscan sea power and prosperity.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/fall2003arth280website/etruscans.html (4381 words)

	Internet Global History Sourcebook
		Greek Expansion: Alexander the Great, 4th Cent BCE
		Map: Alexander's Campaigns in the West [At Hawaii]
		Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Histories 440BCE [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files][Book VII on the Persian War]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/global/globalsbook.html (1285 words)

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